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2.
Thromb Res ; 126(3): 175-82, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20434759

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Three randomized, double-blind trials compared dabigatran, an oral direct thrombin inhibitor, with enoxaparin for the primary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing elective total hip and knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We conducted a pre-specified pooled analysis of these trials. 8,210 patients were randomized, of whom 8,135 were treated (evaluable for safety) with dabigatran 220 mg or 150 mg once-daily, or subcutaneous enoxaparin (40 mg once-daily or 30 mg twice-daily). Efficacy analyses were based on the modified intention-to-treat population of 6,200 patients with an evaluable outcome. The common risk difference (RD) of treatment effect between each dabigatran dose and enoxaparin was estimated using fixed-effects models, and statistical heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 statistic. RESULTS: The composite outcome of major VTE (proximal deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) and VTE-related mortality occurred in 3.3% of the enoxaparin group versus 3.0% of the dabigatran 220 mg group (RD vs. enoxaparin -0.2%, 95% CI -1.3% to 0.9%, I2=37%) and 3.8% of the 150 mg group (RD vs. enoxaparin 0.5%, -0.6% to 1.6%, I2=0%). Major bleeding occurred in 1.4% of the enoxaparin group versus 1.4% of the dabigatran 220 mg group (RD vs. enoxaparin -0.2%, -0.8% to 0.5%, I2=40%) and 1.1% of the 150 mg group (RD vs. enoxaparin -0.4%, -1.0% to 0.2%, I2=0%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral dabigatran was as effective as subcutaneous enoxaparin in reducing the risk of major VTE and VTE-related mortality after hip or knee arthroplasty and has a similar bleeding profile.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects , Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage , Enoxaparin/administration & dosage , Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Administration, Oral , Aged , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/mortality , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/mortality , Benzimidazoles/adverse effects , Chi-Square Distribution , Dabigatran , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Schedule , Elective Surgical Procedures , Enoxaparin/adverse effects , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Pyridines/adverse effects , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Venous Thromboembolism/mortality
3.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol ; 22(3): 615-25, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19822078

ABSTRACT

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL-2) binds to the Duffy antigen (DARC) on red blood cells, which act as a sink for several chemokines including MCP-1. In this study it is hypothesized that DARC may alter the pharmacokinetics of infused recombinant human MCP-1 (rhMCP-1). The primary aim of this first in man trial is to compare the pharmacokinetics of rhMCP-1 in Duffy positive and negative individuals. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled dose escalation trial was conducted on 36 healthy volunteers. Subjects received infusions of 0.02-2.0 microg/kg rhMCP-1 or placebo for one hour. RhMCP-1 displayed linear pharmacokinetics. Duffy negative individuals reached maximal plasma levels significantly earlier, but overall plasma concentration profiles were not altered. rhMCP-1 markedly increased monocyte counts, and estimated EC50 values were 10-fold higher in Duffy positive than in Duffy negative subjects. Increased monocyte counts were associated with decreased surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54). In contrast, neither CCR-2 or CD11b expression, nor markers of platelet or endothelial activation, inflammation and coagulation were altered. RhMCP-1 is a highly selective chemoattractant for monocytes in humans. The Duffy antigen only minimally alters the pharmacokinetics of rhMCP-1 for doses up to 2 microg/kg.


Subject(s)
Biological Products/pharmacokinetics , Chemokine CCL2/pharmacokinetics , Duffy Blood-Group System/immunology , Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Biological Products/administration & dosage , Biological Products/blood , Biological Products/urine , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Blood Platelets/immunology , Cell Count , Chemokine CCL2/administration & dosage , Chemokine CCL2/adverse effects , Chemokine CCL2/blood , Chemokine CCL2/urine , Double-Blind Method , Duffy Blood-Group System/genetics , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Endothelium, Vascular/immunology , Genotype , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Leukocytes/drug effects , Leukocytes/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Monocytes/drug effects , Monocytes/immunology , Phenotype , Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/blood , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics , Recombinant Proteins/urine , Young Adult
4.
J Thromb Haemost ; 5(11): 2178-85, 2007 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17764540

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oral anticoagulants, such as dabigatran etexilate, an oral, direct thrombin inhibitor, that do not require monitoring or dose adjustment offer potential for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee replacement surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, 2076 patients undergoing total knee replacement received dabigatran etexilate, 150 mg or 220 mg once-daily, starting with a half-dose 1-4 hours after surgery, or subcutaneous enoxaparin 40 mg once-daily, starting the evening before surgery, for 6-10 days. Patients were followed-up for 3 months. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of total VTE (venographic or symptomatic) and mortality during treatment, and the primary safety outcome was the incidence of bleeding events. RESULTS: The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 37.7% (193 of 512) of the enoxaparin group versus 36.4% (183 of 503) of the dabigatran etexilate 220 mg group (absolute difference, -1.3%; 95% CI, -7.3 to 4.6) and 40.5% (213 of 526) of the 150 mg group (2.8%; 95% CI, -3.1 to 8.7). Both doses were noninferior to enoxaparin based on the pre-specified noninferiority criterion. The incidence of major bleeding did not differ significantly between the three groups (1.3% versus 1.5% and 1.3% respectively). No significant differences in the incidences of liver enzyme elevation and acute coronary events were observed during treatment or follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Dabigatran etexilate (220 mg or 150 mg) was at least as effective and with a similar safety profile as enoxaparin for prevention of VTE after total knee-replacement surgery.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/adverse effects , Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage , Enoxaparin/administration & dosage , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Acute Coronary Syndrome/chemically induced , Aged , Anticoagulants , Benzimidazoles/toxicity , Clinical Enzyme Tests , Dabigatran , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Routes , Enoxaparin/toxicity , Follow-Up Studies , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Humans , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Prodrugs , Pyridines/toxicity , Treatment Outcome , Venous Thrombosis/etiology
5.
Glycobiology ; 11(1): 65-73, 2001 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11181563

ABSTRACT

The cDNAs encoding two human homologs of the Xenopus oocyte lectin, XL35, were isolated from a small intestine cDNA library and termed HL-1 and HL-2. The deduced amino acid sequence of each homolog is about 60% identical and 80% similar to that of XL35, and none of these sequences contains the C-type lectin motif, although it is known that XL35 requires calcium for ligand binding. By Northern analysis, HL-1 transcripts are present at relatively high levels in heart, small intestine, colon, thymus, ovary, and testis. HL-2 transcripts, by contrast, are expressed only in small intestine. Immunocytochemistry using a polyclonal antibody produced against XL35 shows HL-1 protein to be localized exclusively in endothelial cells in colon, thymus, liver, and other tissues. Primary cultures of human aortic endothelial cells are positive for HL-1 expression by immunoblotting and by PCR analysis, but several other human cell types are not. HL-1 and -2 are both encoded at chromosome 1q23, the same locus that encodes the selectins. XL35, HL-1 and -2, and another mouse homolog are members of a new family of proteins whose members most likely perform diverse functions.


Subject(s)
Lectins/genetics , Oocytes/metabolism , Xenopus Proteins , Animals , Chromosome Mapping , DNA, Complementary , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lectins/chemistry , Lectins/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , Xenopus laevis
6.
Cardiovasc Res ; 46(2): 264-8, 2000 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10773230

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin II (AII) plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling. This peptide promotes cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibroblast interstitial fibrotic changes associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, post myocardial infarction remodeling and congestive heart failure. AII mediates cardiac myocyte hypertrophy directly via induction of immediate early genes through a MAP kinase dependent pathway. In addition, it mediates cardiac hypertrophy indirectly by stimulating release of norepinephrine from cardiac nerve endings and endothelin from endothelial cells. AII also has multiple effects on cardiac fibroblasts: it induces cardiac fibroblast proliferation, synthesis and secretion of adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins, and expression of integrin adhesion receptors. In addition it stimulates cardiac fibroblasts to adhere more vigorously to defined matrixes. This review will discuss the molecular pathways that have been implicated in these AII induced effects in the cardiac fibroblast.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin II/physiology , Cardiomegaly/metabolism , Cardiomegaly/pathology , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Animals , Cell Adhesion/physiology , Fibrosis , Humans , Integrins/metabolism , Osteopontin , Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
7.
Hypertension ; 35(1 Pt 2): 273-9, 2000 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10642310

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in cardiac remodeling through stimulation of proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in cardiac fibroblasts. Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate the attachment of cells to ECM. We hypothesized that Ang II regulation of integrins further contributes to its role in cardiac remodeling. We cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with and without Ang II (100 nmol/L) to determine the effects on mRNA and protein levels of integrins, as well as alpha-actinin and other cytoskeletal proteins that link to integrins at the site of focal adhesions. Ang II was also added in the presence of irbesartan (10 micromol/L), a specific Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist, or PD 123319 (10 micromol/L), a specific Ang II type 2 receptor antagonist. To investigate the function of these integrins, we determined the effects of blocking antibodies on Ang II-induced adhesion to ECM. We also treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with an AT(1) receptor blocker, losartan, or with hydralazine to investigate integrin and alpha-actinin expression in treated and untreated SHR. Ang II enhanced alpha(v), beta(1), beta(3), and beta(5) integrins; osteopontin; and alpha-actinin mRNA and protein levels in cardiac fibroblasts. All of these effects were inhibited by irbesartan but not by PD 123319. Pretreatment of cardiac fibroblasts with Ang II enhanced cell attachment to ECM proteins and induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Blocking antibodies to beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(5) attenuated Ang II-induced adhesion. In SHR, ventricular alpha(v) and beta(5) integrin expression and alpha-actinin were increased compared with those in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Although both losartan and hydralazine lowered mean arterial pressure and decreased peripheral vascular resistance, only losartan attenuated the increased integrin, alpha-actinin, fibronectin laminin, and osteopontin expression and the increased left ventricular mass (as determined with echocardiography). Hydralzine had none of these effects. Although both agents attenuated beta-myosin heavy chain expression, a marker of hypertrophy, losartan had a greater effect. These results suggest that integrins and alpha-actinin are upregulated by Ang II and in left ventricular hypertrophy and that the block of expression of these proteins through inhibition of the AT(1) receptor is associated with attenuation of the hypertrophic response. Ang II induces integrin and alpha-actinin expression in cardiac fibroblasts that is associated with adhesion and left ventricular hypertrophy and blocked through inhibition of the AT(1) receptor.


Subject(s)
Actinin/genetics , Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Integrin beta Chains , Integrins/genetics , Myocardium/chemistry , Myocardium/cytology , Age Factors , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists , Animals , Antigens, CD/genetics , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology , Cardiomegaly/physiopathology , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Collagen/pharmacology , Fibroblasts/chemistry , Fibroblasts/cytology , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Fibronectins/pharmacology , Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 , Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Gene Expression/drug effects , Gene Expression/physiology , Heart Ventricles/chemistry , Heart Ventricles/cytology , Heart Ventricles/enzymology , Hydralazine/pharmacology , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Integrin alphaV , Integrin beta1/genetics , Integrin beta3 , Irbesartan , Laminin/pharmacology , Losartan/pharmacology , Phosphorylation , Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism , Pyridines/pharmacology , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, Inbred WKY , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 , Receptors, Angiotensin/physiology , Tetrazoles/pharmacology , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Up-Regulation/genetics , Vitronectin/pharmacology
9.
Thromb Res ; 69(2): 221-9, 1993 Jan 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8446952

ABSTRACT

We show that the mouse gamma 2b heavy chain or human beta-globin 3' untranslated region can greatly enhance protein expression in myeloma cells transfected by genes coding for antibody-plasminogen activator fusion proteins. Expression plasmids were constructed containing a cloned genomic heavy chain variable region from fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody 59D8, a cloned genomic constant region of the mouse gamma 2b heavy chain, and DNA sequence coding for either tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or a segment of urokinase (UK) and their respective 3' untranslated sequences. Cell lines transfected with these constructs, pSVtPA (tPA) and pSVUKG(UK), produced extremely low levels of mRNA and protein (0.008-0.06 micrograms/ml) in comparison with the parental 59D8 myeloma cell line (7.6-10 micrograms/ml). In vitro nuclear run-off analysis indicated that the low steady-state levels of mRNA encoded by pSVUKG(UK) did not result from a lower rate of transcription of the transfected gene (relative to the rate of transcription of the endogenous heavy chain gene in the 59D8 parent cells). In an attempt to increase protein secretion, we assembled the expression plasmids pSVtPA(Ig), pSVUKG(Ig), and pSVUKG(beta), in which the 3' untranslated region of the mouse gamma 2b heavy chain or human beta-globin gene was substituted for the 3' untranslated region of the plasminogen activator gene. Analysis of supernatant media from cell lines transfected with these constructs showed an increase in recombinant protein secretion of 68 to 100 fold in comparison with that from cell lines transfected with pSVtPA(tPA) or pSVUKG(UK).


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics , Hybridomas/chemistry , Plasminogen Activators/genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Clone Cells , Fibrin/immunology , Humans , Immunoblotting , Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Multiple Myeloma , Neoplasm Proteins , Plasminogen Activators/immunology , RNA, Messenger/analysis , RNA, Transfer/analysis , Transcription, Genetic
10.
Int J Rehabil Res ; 14(2): 123-30, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1938023

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this project was to determine whether the addition of the token economy reinforcement to the regular treatment modalities (medication therapy and psychotherapy) improved the following outcome measures: re-hospitalization rate. NYPCC (agency) therapeutic goals, symptomatology, social integration activities and ADL skills. The research was carried out over a period of 18 months. Subjects were 617 individuals diagnosed as having chronic mental illness. They lived in three adult homes in New York, two of which were on a token economy programme, while the third served as a quasi-control group. The findings suggest that while medication therapy and psychotherapy have different effects in respect to the various outcome measures, the addition of the token economy programme resulted in positive, albeit marginal, gains to all outcome measures.


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Token Economy , Activities of Daily Living , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Health Policy , Hospitalization , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , New York City , Psychotherapy , Research , Residential Facilities , Time Factors
11.
Hum Genet ; 84(4): 365-7, 1990 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2307460

ABSTRACT

Amplification of the beta-globin gene by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing were used for a fast and reliable identification of the beta-globin variant Hb D Los Angeles and revealed the predicted G----C substitution in codon 121. The same method showed the molecular defect in Hb Presbyterian to be a C----G substitution in codon 108; this eliminates a MaeII restriction site.


Subject(s)
DNA/genetics , Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics , Base Sequence , Globins/genetics , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction
12.
Blut ; 59(3): 237-9, 1989 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2790219

ABSTRACT

DNA from Mediterranean and Asian beta-thalassemia patients, now residing in Germany, has been characterized by oligonucleotide hybridization and direct restriction analysis. Using five oligonucleotide pairs complementary to the most frequent beta-thalassemia mutations, and three different restriction enzymes, we were able to detect 33 of 36 mutations directly.


Subject(s)
Globins/genetics , Thalassemia/genetics , Gene Frequency , Humans , Introns , Mediterranean Sea , Mutation , Oligonucleotide Probes , Pedigree , Thalassemia/diagnosis
14.
Hum Genet ; 81(4): 371-2, 1989 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2703241

ABSTRACT

Thalassemia major is a rare disorder in the German population. We describe here the characterization of the beta-globin genes of a German patient homozygous for beta-thalassemia. Gene cloning and sequencing revealed a G to T transversion at the intron 1 donor site of the beta-globin gene on both chromosomes.


Subject(s)
Genes , Globins/genetics , Thalassemia/genetics , Adult , DNA Mutational Analysis , Female , Germany, West , Homozygote , Humans , Introns , Male , Pedigree
15.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 84(19): 6904-8, 1987 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3116546

ABSTRACT

Covalent linkage of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) to a monoclonal antibody specific for the fibrin beta chain (anti-fibrin 59D8) results in a thrombolytic agent that is more specific and more potent than t-PA alone. To provide a ready source of this hybrid molecule and to allow tailoring of the active moieties for optimal activity, we have engineered a recombinant version of the 59D8-t-PA conjugate. The rearranged 59D8 heavy chain gene was cloned and combined in the expression vector pSV2gpt with sequence coding for a portion of the gamma 2b constant region and the catalytic beta chain of t-PA. This construct was transfected into heavy chain loss variant cells derived from the 59D8 hybridoma. Recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed with electrophoretic transfer blots. These revealed a 65-kDa heavy chain-t-PA fusion protein that is secreted in association with the 59D8 light chain in the form of a 170-kDa disulfide-linked dimer. Chromogenic substrate assays showed the fusion protein to have 70% of the peptidolytic activity of native t-PA and to activate plasminogen as efficiently as t-PA. In a competitive binding assay, reconstituted antibody was shown to have a binding profile similar to that of native 59D8. Thus, by recombinant techniques, we have produced a hybrid protein capable of high-affinity fibrin binding and plasminogen activation.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Genes, Immunoglobulin , Genes , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/metabolism , Fibrin/immunology , Fibrinolysis , Genetic Variation , Genetic Vectors , Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains , Plasmids , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/genetics , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/isolation & purification
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