ABSTRACT
Antagonism of cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor signaling has been demonstrated to inhibit feeding behaviors in humans, but CB1-mediated central nervous system (CNS) side effects have halted the marketing and further development of the lead drugs against this target. However, peripherally restricted CB1 receptor antagonists may hold potential for providing the desired efficacy with reduced CNS side effect profiles. In this report we detail the discovery and structure-activity-relationship analysis of a novel bicyclic scaffold (3) that exhibits potent CB1 receptor antagonism and oral activity in preclinical feeding models. Optimization of physical properties has led to the identification of analogues which are predicted to have reduced CNS exposure and could serve as a starting point for the design of peripherally targeted CB1 receptor antagonists.
ABSTRACT
A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore. The addition of a gem-difluoro substituent to the lactam improved overall DPP-4 inhibition and an efficient asymmetric route to 3,4-diaminopyrrolidines was developed. Advanced profiling of a subset of analogs identified 5o with an acceptable human DPP-4 inhibition profile based on a rat PK/PD model and a projected human dose that was suitable for clinical development.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Humans , Models, Molecular , Piperidines/chemistryABSTRACT
A new series of CB(1) receptor antagonists incorporating an imidazole-based isosteric replacement for the hydrazide moiety of rimonabant (SR141716) is disclosed. Members of this imidazole series possess potent/selective binding to the rCB(1) receptor and exhibit potent hCB(1) functional activity. Isopropyl analog 9a demonstrated activity in the tetrad assay and was orally-active in a food intake model.
Subject(s)
Imidazoles/chemistry , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Piperidines/chemistry , Piperidines/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism , Animals , Humans , Imidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Models, Molecular , Molecular Conformation , Piperidines/pharmacokinetics , Pyrazoles/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Rimonabant , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
We report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of novel bicyclic lactam-based cannabinoid type 1 (CB(1)) receptor antagonists. Members of these series are potent, selective antagonists in in vitro/in vivo efficacy models of CB(1) antagonism and exhibit robust oral activity in rodent models of food intake. These efforts led to the identification of 19d, which has been advanced to human clinical trials for weight management.
Subject(s)
Drug Discovery , Lactams/chemical synthesis , Lactams/pharmacology , Obesity/drug therapy , Oxazepines/chemical synthesis , Oxazepines/pharmacology , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Clinical Trials as Topic , Crystallography, X-Ray , Humans , Lactams/chemistry , Lactams/therapeutic use , Oxazepines/chemistry , Oxazepines/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , RatsABSTRACT
A series of sulfamide-based analogs related to L-796568 were prepared and evaluated for their biological activity at the human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR). This modification allows for a significant reduction in molecular weight, while maintaining single-digit nanomolar potencies at the beta(3)-AR and high selectivities versus the beta(2)- or beta(3)-AR.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry , Sulfonamides/chemistry , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/metabolism , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Humans , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Rats , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism , Sulfonamides/metabolism , Sulfonamides/pharmacologyABSTRACT
In this communication, we wish to describe the discovery of a novel series of 6-azauracil-based thyromimetics that possess up to 100-fold selectivities for binding and functional activation of the beta(1)-isoform of the thyroid receptor family. Structure-activity relationship studies on the 3,5- and 3'-positions provided compounds with enhanced TR beta affinity and selectivity. Key binding interactions between the 6-azauracil moiety and the receptor have been determined through of X-ray crystallographic analysis.
