ABSTRACT
The inhibition of physiological habituation in patients with chronic aural tinnitus extends from the level of cellular processing to psychologic and psychosocial determinants. The following hypotheses were tested in 32 patients with chronic tinnitus and 30 patients of a comparable clinical control group: tinnitus patients differ concerning (1) the perception of social support, (2) a disposition to psychosomatic diseases, (3) coping with stress and (4) certain personality traits. Standard psychological tests were used as well as a detailed examination of at least 30 minutes. Results showed that the tinnitus patients statistically perceived less social support and more social distress compared to the control group. They also showed significantly poorer results in coping with stress. Increased social distress in a number of cases resulted in noticeable decompensation. Additionally, a disposition to psychosomatic disorders increased, so that conflicts arising expressed themselves in various functional diseases. In most cases psychiatric exploration showed a vocational or familial overcharge. In patients experiencing decompensation, close cooperation with a psychotherapist is required.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Personality Assessment , Psychophysiologic Disorders/psychology , Sick Role , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Tinnitus/psychology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Life Change Events , Loudness Perception , Male , Middle Aged , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
The article reports threshold ranges and detection limits for the screening of tetracyclic benzodiazepines (adinazolam, alprazolam, brotizolam, estazolam, loprazolam, midazolam, triazolam and many metabolites) using the EMIT-st and TDx system (FPIA). In most cases, the cross reactivities of the two systems are comparable, but there are also remarkable differences. Detection limits are mainly in the range between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l but, in some cases, the limits are also considerably higher. The within-day precision is 1.1% (TDx) and 16.5% (EMIT-st); day-to-day precision is 4.7% (TDx) and 12.6% (EMIT-st), respectively.
Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/urine , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Benzodiazepines , Fluorescence Polarization , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Structure-Activity RelationshipSubject(s)
Alprazolam/blood , Biotransformation , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Humans , KineticsABSTRACT
Details are presented for the construction of a simple precision temperature-controlled chamber for investigating bacterial motile behavior. Independent of original incubation temperature, all species of motile bacteria observed showed a five- to sevenfold increase in average translational velocity (micrometers per second) as the environment temperature was incremented over the range from 10 to 50 degrees C. Temperature jumps downward produced transient tumbling or reciprocal behavior responses, depending on the mode of flagellar distribution, in all species examined. Upward temperature jumps induced accelerated velocities without tumbling or reversal. A partial capacity adaptation to temperature was noted, in that the greatest average translational velocity at any given observation temperature occurred when the organisms were grown at temperatures less than the optimum.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena , Temperature , Adaptation, Biological , Bacteria/ultrastructure , Bacteriological Techniques/instrumentation , Environment, Controlled , Flagella , Movement , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The behavior of a number of motile flagellated bacteria toward viscosity characteristics of their fluid environments was observed. All showed an increase in velocity (micrometers per second) in more viscous solutions. Velocity reached a maximum at a characteristic value, however, and thereafter decreased with higher viscosities. Peritrichously flagellated bacteria had maximum velocities at higher viscosities than polarly flagellated bacteria. Effects of temperature, and possible utilization of chemical constituents in the viscous solutions, were studied and found to be negligible factors under the experimental conditions used. Different agents produced the same phenomenon, thus indicating that there probably were no chemically induced metabolic effects. Loss of available water and the possibility of a variable energy supply to the flagellar propulsive system were considered but are believed minimal. Theoretically derived thermodynamic equations were utilized and suggest that the conformation of the flagellar helix affects efficiency of propulsion. Such a relationship between helix waveform and velocity was experimentally observed with Thiospirillum jenese.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/cytology , Cell Movement , Viscosity , Bacillus megaterium/cytology , Buffers , Culture Media , Escherichia coli/cytology , Flagella/physiology , Methylcellulose , Models, Biological , Phosphates , Photomicrography , Povidone , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/cytology , Sarcina/cytology , Serratia marcescens/cytology , Species Specificity , Spirillum/cytology , TemperatureABSTRACT
A method has been developed to measure accurately the velocity of motile bacteria
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Cell Movement , Videotape Recording , Culture Media , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Methods , Methylcellulose , Microscopy, Phase-Contrast , Serratia marcescensABSTRACT
Applications of quantitative schlieren techniques to pulsed high current electric arcs are described. A new formalism for the Abel inversion is derived that does not start from the small angle approximation. The numerical treatment of experimental data is given special attention. A pulsed argon laser was constructed that gives enough background intensity to outshine a 2000-A arc. Several high speed schlieren techniques were tried to obtain quantitative information about the density and temperature in the neighborhood of the arc.
