Superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex replay independently of the hippocampus.

The hippocampus is thought to initiate systems-wide mnemonic processes through the reactivation of previously acquired spatial and episodic memory traces, which can recruit the entorhinal cortex as a first stage of memory redistribution to other brain areas. Hippocampal reactivation occurs during sharp wave-ripples, in which synchronous network firing encodes sequences of places. We investigated the coordination of this replay by recording assembly activity simultaneously in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex. We found that entorhinal cell assemblies can replay trajectories independently of the hippocampus and sharp wave-ripples. This suggests that the hippocampus is not the sole initiator of spatial and episodic memory trace reactivation. Memory systems involved in these processes may include nonhierarchical, parallel components.

[Post-traumatic osteolysis of the distal extremity of the clavicle]. / L'ostéolyse post-traumatique de l'extrémité distale de la clavicule.

Post-traumatic osteolysis of the acromial extremity of the clavicle is a rare condition, usually occurring sometime after an injury to the shoulder. Three cases of PTOAC and one case of athlete's osteolysis are reported. The semiology is summed up, as well as the differential diagnoses and the associated forms. This is a benign disease, which should be suggested by the clinical findings and diagnosed on the radiographs, which demonstrate early signs of osteolysis. The treatment is mainly based on immobilization.

[Bone involvement with osteolytic predominance in systemic mastocytosis. A clinical case]. / Atteinte osseuse à prédominance ostéolytique d'une mastocytose systémique. Cas clinique.

Systemic mast cell disease is a rare condition, in which the frequent involvement of bones is likely to raise diagnostic problems. There are other concomitant visceral involvement as a rule. The skin lesions, if present and recognized, are suggestive. The positive diagnosis of bone lesions can be ensured by biopsy. On the basis of one clinical case, we specify the clinical and radiological appearance of systemic mast cell disease.

[Imaging techniques of the breast 1991. 2]. / Techniques d'imagerie du sein en 1991. Deuxième partie.

In a previous paper, the authors described the mammo and echography technics. This paper is about the complementary technics in mammography. Most of this technics are realized the same day, only loading and chirurgical sample radiography are realized in a second time. These technics are: xeromammography, cystography, galactography, loading technic chirurgical sample radiography, digital mammography and RM imaging. The authors give a "decisional way" for a clinical mammography.

[Contribution of scanner in the diagnosis of intestinal infarction]. / Apport du scanner au diagnostic d'infarctus intestinal. A propos de deux observations.

The clinical expression of arterial mesenteric infarction is not always acute and typical. In venous thrombosis, clinical signs of aggravation occur after a long development. So, clinical pictures of bowel infarction use not be suggestive. For these patients, US performances are sometimes subject to doubt and deceptive. Therefore, CT findings are of the highest importance. In two cases, the authors remind us the CT characterization of vascular and intestinal abnormalities.

[Hemangiopericytoma. Apropos of a case]. / Hémangiopéricytome. A propos d'un cas.

Haemangiopericytomas are ubiquitous tumours with an equivocal clinical and radiological expression. They generally have a slow course and the lesions are usually revealed by a non-specific mass effect on adjacent structures. The authors report a case of subcutaneous haemangiopericytoma of the elbow which presented clinically as a vascular malformation. Amongst the various imaging techniques performed, only arteriography defined the vascular nature of the lesion and should have suggested the diagnosis of haemangiopericytoma on the basis of classically described specific signs. Instead of preserving the muscular environment, the surgical resection had to be extensive because of the poorly determined malignant potential of the tumour.

[Pyomyositis in AIDS. Apropos of a case]. / Pyomyosite au cours du SIDA. A propos d'un cas.

Pyomyositis is a purulent infection of skeletal muscle, a rare entity in temperate climates. The disease has been rarely reported in patients with AIDS. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant organism. This article presents a case of pyomyositis following insertion of a central venous catheter. Imaging techniques (ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance) are useful for diagnosis. The ultrasound-guided aspiration allows isolation of the etiologic agent. The traditional management is medical and surgical.

[Value of x-ray computed tomography in osteoid osteoma]. / Intérêt de la tomodensitométrie dans les ostéomes ostéoïdes.

Four cases of suspected osteoid osteoma were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). The authors relate the role of CT. As a key diagnostic tool: radionuclide imaging is helpful in directing subsequent CT scans, which allows the study of complex anatomical sites (spine) or the analysis of atypical lesions (invisible nidus, sclerosis or lytic lesions, double nidus...). CT provides the surgeon with the exact location and extent of the lesion, and thus, CT may allow a more limited surgical resection of the involved bone.

[Arteriographic aspects of Buerger's disease. Apropos of 18 cases]. / Aspects artériographiques de la maladie de Buerger. A partir de dix-huit cas.

Arteriosclerosis obliterans occurring in a young man in an impressive clinical presentation which requires a precise diagnosis. There are no clinical, radiological, laboratory or histological signs of Buerger's disease. In arteriography, all of the suggestive negative and positive elements are important and must be well known as the diagnostic orientation large depends on recognition of their association. Arteriography is still the fundamental examination for assessment of the course of the disease.

[Aneurysm of the celiac trunk. A review of the literature. Apropos of a new case]. / Anévrysme du tronc coeliaque. Revue de la littérature. A propos d'un nouveau cas.

Aneurysms of celiac trunk are rare (82 cases reported worldwide), and the clinical picture is usually little suggestive of the lesion, which may be totally asymptomatic. Positive diagnosis and determination of possible extension of the disease, as well as postoperative follow up is ensured by modern imaging techniques (ultrasound, CT scan, digital subtraction angiography). Etiology of the aneurysm varies but is generally atheromatous disease or intimal fibrodysplasia.

[Cerebral venous angioma. Angiographic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case]. / Angiome veineux cérébral. Aspects angiographique et tomodensitométrique. A propos d'une observation.

Cerebral venous angioma is a vascular malformation, rarely recognized before use of C.T. It remains an angiographic diagnosis and prescribes, except when hemorrhage, quite uncommon, the surgical abstention.

[Do inguinal lymph node metastases of germinal tumors of the testis exist?]. / Les métastases ganglionnaires inguinales des tumeurs germinales du testicule existent-elles?

Abdomino-aortic glands are usually involved by regional extension of germinal tumors of testis. Inguinal gland extension may occur from alteration of lymphatic circulation due to inguinoscrotal surgery and post-orchidectomy scrotal contamination. Among 140 patients treated in Val-de-Grâce Army Hospital between 1978 and 1985, only one patient with a pure non-seminoma germinal tumor developed inguinal gland metastases. Causes of inguinal gland extension are analyzed based on past history of this patient, involving repair of inguinal hernia and orchidopexy. Proposed therapy includes inguinoscrotal radiotherapy for seminoma, surveillance or chemotherapy for a pure non-seminoma germinal tumor.

A comparative multicentre trial of halometasone/triclosan cream and diflucortolone valerate/chlorquinaldol cream in the treatment of acute dermatomycoses.

In this multicentre, between-patient trial the efficacy and tolerability of a cream, containing 0.05% halometasone and 1% triclosan, was compared with those of Nerisona C cream, containing 0.1% diflucortolone valerate and 1% chlorquinaldol, in 183 patients with acute dermatomycoses. Halometasone/triclosan cream and the comparative cream showed closely similar results with respect to good to very good therapeutic effects (60% versus 57%). However, halometasone/triclosan cream proved superior to the comparative preparation with regard to very good (cured) results (53% versus 46%), an early cure in less than 30 days (41% versus 34%) and onset of action within 3 days of starting the treatment (32% versus 18%). Mycological findings were positive on direct microscopy in 36% and 43% and in culture in 19% and 17% of the patients following treatment with halometasone/triclosan cream and the comparative cream preparation, respectively. Adverse effects were reported in seven out of 108 patients treated with halometasone/triclosan cream and in five out of 107 patients treated with the comparative preparation.