Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Embolism/prevention & control , Filtration/instrumentation , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Risk Assessment , Aged , Aorta , Embolism/epidemiology , Equipment Design , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Rate/trends , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The circadian variation that affects atherosclerosis has not been studied in the surgical patient. The circadian variation in mortality dependent on the time of surgery was examined in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: A 4-year retrospective review of all CABG patients (n = 3140) from 1999 to 2002 was undertaken. The patients were divided into elective, urgent, and emergency cases. The cases were subdivided according to the start time of the operation as morning (7 AM to 2 PM = AM), afternoon (2 PM to 8 PM = AF), and night (8 PM to 7 AM = NT). The outcome was mortality within 30 days and compared for three different time frames: (1) AM versus AF (2) AM versus NT (3) AF versus NT for each prioritized group. Risk factors and number of anastamoses were compared for each group. Sigma Statistical package and Z-test for two group comparison were used for analysis. t-Test was used to compare age and ejection fraction. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in mortality was observed for the elective and urgent groups for each of the time periods compared. The emergency cases had significantly increased deaths in the AM and NT compared to the AF (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference with respect to age, gender, number of anastamoses performed, ejection fraction, and preoperative risk factors between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality for nonemergent CABG is independent of the timing of surgery. Circadian variation does not influence the outcome in cardiac surgical patients.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass/mortality , Coronary Artery Bypass/statistics & numerical data , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Waiting Lists , Aged , Circadian Rhythm , Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Elective Surgical Procedures , Emergencies , Female , Humans , Male , Medical Records , New York City/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Left main coronary artery disease carries a poor prognosis. The etiology of isolated and significant left main coronary artery (ILMCA) disease is not well understood. Studies so far were limited by small numbers. The authors identified 46 patients with ILMCA disease from their database over 10 years (group I) and compared them with 83 consecutive patients undergoing catheterization (group II). They also compared patients with ostial vs distal ILMCA disease. Group I represented 0.1% of catheterization patients. The demographic profile and atherosclerotic risk factor profile of the 2 groups as well as ostial and distal ILMCA disease were compared. This is the largest study of ILMCA disease. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were commonly seen. Nonatherosclerotic causes of ILMCA disease were not seen. This study suggests coronary atherosclerosis as the predominant cause of ILMCA disease. ILMCA disease is more common in women. Diabetes is more commonly associated with distal ILMCA lesion. There is a trend suggesting that ostial ILMCA lesion is more common in smokers and women.
