ABSTRACT
3-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (MDL-29951), an antagonist of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, has been found to be an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. The compound binds at the AMP regulatory site by X-ray crystallography. This represents a new approach to inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and serves as a lead for further drug design.
Subject(s)
Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism , Fructose-Bisphosphatase/antagonists & inhibitors , Indoles/metabolism , Indoles/pharmacology , Propionates/metabolism , Propionates/pharmacology , Allosteric Site , Animals , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Fructose-Bisphosphatase/metabolism , Humans , Indoles/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Propionates/chemistry , Rabbits , Rats , Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , SwineABSTRACT
In this communication, we wish to describe the discovery of a novel series of 6-azauracil-based thyromimetics that possess up to 100-fold selectivities for binding and functional activation of the beta(1)-isoform of the thyroid receptor family. Structure-activity relationship studies on the 3,5- and 3'-positions provided compounds with enhanced TR beta affinity and selectivity. Key binding interactions between the 6-azauracil moiety and the receptor have been determined through of X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Subject(s)
Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/drug effects , Thyroid Hormones/pharmacology , Uracil/analogs & derivatives , Uracil/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Drug Design , Humans , Indicators and Reagents , Ligands , Models, Molecular , Molecular Mimicry , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Structure-Activity Relationship , Uracil/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The synthesis and in vitro structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a novel series of anilinoquinazolines as allosteric inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F16Bpase) are reported. The compounds have a different SAR as inhibitors of F16Bpase than anilinoquinazolines previously reported. Selective inhibition of F16Bpase can be attained through the addition of appropriate polar functional groups at the quinazoline 2-position, thus separating the F16Bpase inhibitory activity from the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity previously observed with similar structures. The compounds have been found to bind at a symmetry-repeated novel allosteric site at the subunit interface of the enzyme. Inhibition is brought about by binding to a loop comprised of residues 52-72, preventing the necessary participation of these residues in the assembly of the catalytic site. Mutagenesis studies have identified the key amino acid residues in the loop that are required for inhibitor recognition and binding.
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Fructose-Bisphosphatase/antagonists & inhibitors , Quinazolines/chemical synthesis , Allosteric Site , Aniline Compounds/chemistry , Animals , Catalytic Domain , Crystallography, X-Ray , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Fructose-Bisphosphatase/genetics , Humans , Models, Molecular , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed , Quinazolines/chemistry , Rabbits , Rats , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A series of novel, selective TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitors based on 4-hydroxy and 5-hydroxy pipecolate hydroxamic acid scaffolds is described. The potency and selectivity of TACE inhibition is dramatically influenced by the nature of the sulfonamide group which interacts with the S1' site of the enzyme. Substituted 4-benzyloxybenzenesulfonamides exhibit excellent TACE potency with >100x selectivity over inhibition of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1). Alkyl substituents on the ortho position of the benzyl ether moiety give the most potent inhibition of TNF-alpha release in LPS-treated human whole blood.
