From the abstract to the concrete - Implementation of an innovative tool in home care.

Background The implementation of innovations in practice is a critical factor for change and development processes in health and home care. We therefore analyze how an innovative tool - a mobility agreement to maintain physical mobility of home care clients - was implemented in Finnish home care. Methods Our study involves ethnographic research of 13 home care visits, two years after the mobility agreement was implemented. We analyze the emergence of contradictions, the motives of the actors and the use of artifacts supporting or inhibiting the implementation. Two in-depth cases illustrate the implementation of the mobility agreement in home care visits. Findings Our findings show that, first, to achieve practice change and development, the innovation implementation requires the overcoming of contradictions in the implementation process. Second, it calls for the emergence of a shared motive between the actors to transform the abstract concept of an innovation into a concrete practice. Third, artifacts, customary to the clients are important in supporting the implementation process. Fourth, the implementation brings about a modification of the innovation and the adopting social system. Conclusions Innovation implementation should be seen as a transformation process of an abstract concept into a concrete practice, enabled by the actors involved. Concept design and implementation should be closely linked. In health/home care innovation management, the implementation of innovations needs to be understood as a complex collective learning process. Results can be far reaching - in our case leading to change of home care workers' professional understanding and elderly clients' mobility habits.

INFERCNMR: a 13C NMR interpretive library search system.

INFERCNMR is an automated (13)C NMR spectrum interpretation aid for use either as a stand-alone program or as a component of a comprehensive, computer-based system for the characterization of chemical structure. The program is an interpretive library search which requires a database of assigned (13)C NMR spectra. An interpretive library search does not require overall structural similarity between an unknown and a library entry in order to retrieve a substructure common to both. Input consists of the chemical shift and one-bond proton-carbon multiplicity of each signal in the spectrum, and the molecular formula of the unknown. Program output is one or more substructures predicted to be present in the unknown, each of which is assigned an estimated prediction accuracy.

Bhimamycin A to approximately E and bhimanone: isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity of novel quinone antibiotics from a terrestrial Streptomycete.

From the ethyl acetate extract of a terrestrial Streptomycete isolate, five new quinone antibiotics, bhimamycin A (2a), B (2b), C (3c), D (5a), E (7) and the new tetralone bhimanone (8) were isolated together with the known microbial products chrysophanol (1a), aloesaponarin II (1b), 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (1c), adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, phenylacetamide, and 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol. The structures of these natural products were deduced from the spectral data and confirmed by comparison with related compounds from the literature and by synthesis.