ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Carriere Motion 3D™ appliance (CMA) represents a method for molar distalization and correction of class II malocclusion. The aim was to investigate the 3D effects of the CMA by superimposing digital models and cephalometric X-rays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined 16 patients treated with CMA in combination with class II elastics. We compared digitized models and cephalometric X-rays of records taken before therapy and after the removal of CMA. The records were superimposed to assess the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. The results of the cephalometric X-ray analysis were compared to an untreated age- and gender-matched sample. RESULTS: Class II occlusion was corrected after 11.85 ± 4.70 months by 3.45 ± 2.33 mm. The average distalization of the upper first molars was 0.96 ± 0.80 mm. The analysis of the cephalometric X-rays confirmed a distalization of the upper first molars with distal tipping and revealed a mesialization of the lower first molars of 1.91 ± 1.72 mm. Importantly, CMA resulted in a mild correction of the skeletal class II relationship (ANB: - 0.71 ± 0.77°; Wits: - 1.99 ± 1.74 mm) and a protrusion of the lower incisors (2.94 ± 2.52°). Compared to the untreated control group, there was significant distalization of the upper first molars and canines with mesialization and extrusion of the lower first molars. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CMA is an efficient method for treating class II malocclusions. However, the class II correction is only partially caused by a distalization of the upper molars.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Tooth Movement Techniques , Humans , Cephalometry/methods , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy , Maxilla , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Retrospective Studies , Imaging, Three-DimensionalABSTRACT
This study investigated the antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans of a fine-hybrid resin composite (FH-RC; Tetric ceram), an ion-releasing resin composite (Ariston pHc), a self-curing glass ionomer cement (SC-GIC; Ketac-Molar), a resin-modified GIC (RM-GIC; Photac-Fil), and a zinc oxide eugenol cement (ZOE; IRM). In a novel assay, bacterial suspensions were placed into narrow 20-microl conical cavities within the materials. After 0, 4, 8, 24, 48 h and 1 week of incubation, the suspensions were removed from the restoratives and the numbers of viable bacteria were determined. After incubation periods of 8 h or more, all restorative materials except the FH-RC showed significant growth inhibition when compared with controls. The strongest antibacterial activity was observed with ZOE. The inhibitory effect of Ariston pHc was similar to that of the SC-GIC and the RM-GIC. In the second assay, growth inhibition was evaluated in liquid cultures by incubating eluates of the materials with suspensions of S. mutans. Bacterial growth was determined up to 6 h by measuring absorption at 600 nm. The most marked inhibitory effect was again observed with ZOE. The SC-GIC caused a significant inhibition at all time intervals but the FH-RC, the RM-GIC and Ariston pHc exhibited no significant antibacterial effects. It is recommended to employ more than one method for assessing the antibacterial potential of restorative materials. Long-term clinical trials are necessary to determine whether the antimicrobial effects of dental materials are able to reduce the risk of secondary caries formation.
