Recent advances in the treatment of childhood obesity.

The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity in the last decade indicates a need for effective treatment programs. We conducted a short-term, repeated-measures, clinical-outcome trial in three groups of children and adolescents in two different locations. Two cohorts (n=34) were enrolled in a 36-wk multi-disciplinary weight-management program at the Children's Hospital of New Orleans. One cohort (n=16) was enrolled in a similar intervention at the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at the Medical Center of Louisiana for a 10-wk summer weight-loss program. Subjects were offered a protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) diet (600-800 kcal/d; 2 g protein/kg body weight), followed by a balanced hypocaloric diet, and they participated in behavior-modification sessions and a moderate-intensity (45-55% volume of oxygen consumed at maximal effort [VO(2)max]), progressive exercise program. The following parameters were examined at baseline, 10 wk, and 36 wk (cohort 1 only): Weight, height, percentage of ideal body weight (%IBW), relative body fat (%fat), fat free body (FFB) mass, estimated VO(2)max mL/kg min(BW) [adjusted for body weight]), blood chemistries, lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]). All three groups experienced significant decreases in weight, %IBW and %fat at 10 wk. The weight loss was maintained at 26 wk in cohorts 1 and 2, and at 36 wk in cohort 1. There were no significant decreases in height velocity during the study. In addition, measures of estimated VO(2)max mL/kg/min(BW) and IGF-1 parameters were significantly greater at 10 wk compared to baseline. Measures of TC, TG, and LDL were significantly lower at 10 wk, with no significant changes noted in HDL. We conclude that a multi-disciplinary weight-management program, including PSMF, behavior modification, and exercise, provides an effective method of treatment for obesity in children and adolescents. Long-term, randomized, and controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the results of this preliminary, short-term observation.

A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of childhood obesity.

Childhood obesity is a chronic disease that is associated with significant co-morbidity. Successful treatment and prevention of childhood obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach, including diet, nutrition education, behavior modification, and exercise. We studied 87 children (39 males, 48 females; aged 7-17 years) enrolled in a one-year multidisciplinary weight reduction program. Subjects were placed on a very low calorie/high protein diet, a moderate-intensity progressive exercise program, and behavior modification sessions for 10 weeks. Measures were taken at baseline 10 weeks, and 1 year. Significant anthropometric changes in weight, percent of ideal body weight, and percent body-fat were observed in all patients. We conclude that a multidisciplinary weight reduction program including diet, behavior modification, and exercise is an effective instrument to achieve weight loss in obese children and adolescents.