ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To review the literature, covering the most important aspects of management of acute poisoning.METHODS: The most relevant articles on the management of acute poisoning were selected.RESULTS: Acute poisoning is an important matter of public health, particularly for the child. Medicaments are the main responsible agents followed closely by accidents with poisonous animals and household chemical products, pesticides and industrial products. The management of the poisoned patient must proceed through the following sequential stages: initial clinical evaluation and stabilization of the patient, when life-threatening situations are identified and treated; recognition of the toxic syndrome and identification of the causal agent, when the careful analysis of the signs and symptoms help choosing the diagnostic tests; decontamination, with the careful use of the available methods; administration of antidotes, which are small in number and should never delay the other phases; enhancing the elimination of the absorbed toxic, which requires knowledge of the kinetics of the toxic substance; and supportive treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The recognition of the toxic syndrome and knowledge of the phases of management are basic conditions for the success of treatment.
ABSTRACT
For the last 30 years the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) has carried out toxicological evaluations and safety assessments of dithiocarbamate pesticides, continuously adjusting previous appraisals in the light of new data and advances in the understanding of the principles and mechanisms of toxic action of these compounds. The historical narrative of the evaluative process is followed by an account of the present international safety assessment status of the dithiocarbamate pesticides so far examined by the JMPR. They are ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, nabam, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, and the associated substances, ethylenethiourea (ETU) and propylenethiourea (PTU).
Subject(s)
Carbamates , Carcinogens/toxicity , Ethylenethiourea/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Pesticide Residues/toxicity , Thiourea/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Humans , Safety , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiourea/toxicity , World Health OrganizationSubject(s)
Antidotes , Naloxone/therapeutic use , Parasympatholytics/poisoning , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
Blood lead concentrations of a group of mothers and their newborns were studied. The results showed a correlation between maternal and newborn levels. It is suggested that biochemical alterations may be present in some of the mothers and in a smaller proportion of the newborns. In addition, a comparison of the lead levels in blood with those in the environment was made.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn/blood , Lead/blood , Pregnancy/blood , Adult , Birth Weight , Brazil , Environmental Exposure , Female , Fetal Blood , Gestational Age , HumansSubject(s)
Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use , Poisoning/therapy , Animals , Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/complications , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , NADH Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism , Poisoning/complications , Sulfones/bloodSubject(s)
DDT/blood , Adult , Age Factors , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Environmental Exposure , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Sex Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Os efeitos mutagenicos, teratogenicos e carcinogenicos que podem ser provocados pelos contaminantes quimicos existentes no ambiente de trabalho, nos periodos de pre-implantacao, primeiro e terceiro trimestres da gestacao e lactacao, caracterizados cientificamente como fases de maior suscetibilidade, sao aqui apresentados, assim como propostas para a adocao de medidas preventivas, visando a protecao da saude da gestante e da nutriz e dos que delas dependem
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution , Lactation , Pregnancy , Abnormalities, Drug-InducedABSTRACT
An association between high DDT cord blood levels and prematurity was investigated. Pregnant women with good health and nutritional condition, negative history of past occupational exposure to DDT and absence of recent exposure to DDT were investigated as well as their appropriate for gestational age neonates. A total of 54 maternal-infant pairs were studied and divided in two groups: A-term deliveries (30 pairs), B-preterm deliveries (24 pairs). There was no difference in DDT blood levels between pregnant women of both groups. There was, however, a significant difference in DDT cord blood levels between term and preterm infants, as well as between maternal and neonatal blood levels in both groups. DDT cord blood levels correlated negatively with infants' birth weights. We suggest that there is an association between prematurity and high DDT cord blood levels in a non-occupationally exposed population and the amount of fetal adipose tissue is an important factor determining the cord blood level of this pesticide. We cannot rule out a cause-effect association between high DDT cord blood level and prematurity.
Subject(s)
DDT/blood , Infant, Premature , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Adipose Tissue/physiology , Birth Weight , Female , Fetal Blood/analysis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , PregnancyABSTRACT
The blood levels of DDT in two groups of girls from two districts of São Paulo (Brasil) were the same. Both groups were equal in age and nutrition. The difference in air pollution showed no influence on the blood levels of DDT.
