Propiedades saludables y calidad sensorial de snack de manzanas destinadas a alimentacion escolar

Se desarrolló un snack de manzana con el fin de introducir el consumo de alimentos derivados de frutas para disminuir la obesidad en escolares de Santiago de Chile. Se deshidrataron rodelas de manzanas, con la piel incluida, de variedad Fuji a 60ºC por 4 horas obteniendo un producto con 4,6 g/100 g de humedad y actividad de agua (Aw) de 0,56 . El snack de manzanas presentó 24,8 ± 0,3 g/100 g b.s. de fibra dietética y 550,16 ± 5,89 mgGAE/100 g b.s. de polifenoles lo que lo convierte en un alimento saludable, presenta además alta capacidad antioxidante medida por FRAP, con 0,59 mmolFe/100g . El análisis sensorial realizado en escolares de 8 y 12 años indica que el producto presenta alta aceptabilidad, es un producto crocante, de textura crujiente, con sabor agridulce, por lo que se constituye en una alternativa para colaciones escolares.

An apple snack has been developed with the purpose of introducing foods derived from fruit to reduce obesity in school children of Santiago, Chile. Apple slices of the ‘Fuji’ variety were dehydrated, with skin included, at 60°C for 4 h obtaining a product with 4.6 g/100 g of humidity and water activity (Aw) of 0.56. The apple snack presented 24.8 ± 0.3 g/100 g b.s. of dietary fiber and 550.16 ± 5.89 mgGAE/100 g b.s of polyphenols which converts into a healthy food, it also presents high antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP, with 0.59 mmolFe/100g. The sensory analysis done in school children between the ages of 8 and 12 years old indicates that the product presents high acceptability, is a crispy product, of a crunchy texture, with bittersweet flavor, so it is an alternative for school snacks.

[Health properties and sensory quality of apple snack destined for school feeding]. / Propiedades saludables y calidad sensorial de snack de manzanas destinadas a alimentacion escolar.

An apple snack has been developed with the purpose of introducing foods derived from fruit to reduce obesity in school children of Santiago, Chile. Apple slices of the 'Fuji' variety were dehydrated, with skin included, at 60 degrees C for 4 h obtaining a product with 4.6 g/100 g of humidity and water activity (Aw) of 0.56. The apple snack presented 24.8 +/- 0.3 g/100 g b.s. of dietary fiber and 550.16 +/- 5.89 mgGAE/100 g b.s of polyphenols which converts into a healthy food, it also presents high antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP, with 0.59 mmolFe/100g. The sensory analysis done in school children between the ages of 8 and 12 years old indicates that the product presents high acceptability, is a crispy product, of a crunchy texture, with bittersweet flavor, so it is an alternative for school snacks.

Dysphagia and aspiration after chemoradiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer: which anatomic structures are affected and can they be spared by IMRT?

PURPOSE: To identify the anatomic structures whose damage or malfunction cause late dysphagia and aspiration after intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) for head-and-neck cancer, and to explore whether they can be spared by intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) without compromising target RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 26 patients receiving RT concurrent with gemcitabine, a regimen associated with a high rate of late dysphagia and aspiration, underwent prospective evaluation of swallowing with videofluoroscopy (VF), direct endoscopy, and CT. To assess whether the VF abnormalities were regimen specific, they were compared with the VF findings of 6 patients presenting with dysphagia after RT concurrent with high-dose intra-arterial cisplatin. The anatomic structures whose malfunction was likely to cause each of the VF abnormalities common to both regimens were determined by literature review. Pre- and posttherapy CT scans were reviewed for evidence of posttherapy damage to each of these structures, and those demonstrating posttherapy changes were deemed dysphagia/aspiration-related structures (DARS). Standard three-dimensional (3D) RT, standard IMRT (stIMRT), and dysphagia-optimized IMRT (doIMRT) plans in which sparing of the DARS was included in the optimization cost function, were produced for each of 20 consecutive patients with advanced head-and-neck cancer. RESULTS: The posttherapy VF abnormalities common to both regimens included weakness of the posterior motion of the base of tongue, prolonged pharyngeal transit time, lack of coordination between the swallowing phases, reduced elevation of the larynx, and reduced laryngeal closure and epiglottic inversion, contributing to a high rate of aspiration. The anatomic structures whose malfunction was the likely cause of each of these abnormalities, and that also demonstrated anatomic changes after RT concurrent with gemcitabine doses associated with dysphagia and aspiration, were the pharyngeal constrictor muscles (median thickness near midline 2.5 mm before therapy vs. 7 mm after therapy; p = 0.001), the supraglottic larynx (median thickness, 2 mm before therapy vs. 4 mm after therapy; p < 0.001), and, similarly, the glottic larynx. The constrictors and the glottic and supraglottic larynx were, therefore, deemed the DARS. The lowest maximal dose delivered to a stricture volume was 50 Gy. Reducing the volumes of the DARS receiving > or =50 Gy (V(50)) was, therefore, a planning and evaluation goal. Compared with the 3D plans, stIMRT reduced the V(50) of the pharyngeal constrictors by 10% on average (range, 0-36%, p < 0.001), and doIMRT reduced these volumes further, by an additional 10% on average (range, 0-38%; p <0.001). The V(50) of the larynx (glottic + supraglottic) was reduced marginally by stIMRT compared with 3D (by 7% on average, range, 0-56%; p = 0.054), and doIMRT reduced these volumes by an additional 11%, on average (range, 0-41%; p = 0.002). doIMRT reduced laryngeal V(50) compared with 3D, by 18% on average (range 0-61%; p = 0.001). Certain target delineation rules facilitated sparing of the DARS by IMRT. The maximal DARS doses were not reduced by IMRT because of their partial overlap with the targets. stIMRT and doIMRT did not differ in target doses, parotid gland mean dose, spinal cord, or nonspecified tissue maximal dose. CONCLUSIONS: The structures whose damage may cause dysphagia and aspiration after intensive chemotherapy and RT are the pharyngeal constrictors and the glottic and supraglottic larynx. Compared with 3D-RT, moderate sparing of these structures was achieved by stIMRT, and an additional benefit, whose extent varied among the patients, was gained by doIMRT, without compromising target doses. Clinical validation is required to determine whether the dosimetric gains are translated into clinical ones.

Capsicum y sus Derivados en Iberoamérica / Aspectos Agrícolas, Científicos, Tecnológicos y Económicos

Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología - CYTED, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - CONACYT Bolivia, Centro de Tecnología Agroindustrial de la UMSS

Efecto de tres temperaturas de almacenamiento sobre la calidad de la pulpa de kiwi concentrada a presión reducida / Effect of 3 storage temperatures on the quality of kiwi fruit pulp concentrated at a reduced pressure

The effect of three storage temperatures (0, -9 and -18 degrees C) of the kiwi-fruit pulp reduced pressure concentrate, by a period of 3 months, in the physical (soluble solids, water activity, consistency and color), chemistry (pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and pheophytin) and sensorial (appearance, aroma, acidity, sweetness, color and flavor) characteristics were studied. The greater deterioration was produced in the stored pulp to 0 degree C, while to -9 degrees C there is no significative differences, on the other hand, the kiwi-fruit pulp stored to -18 degrees C maintained large part of the original characteristics. It was observed that while the temperature and storage time increased, vitamin C and chlorophyll contents decreased, varying significantly consistency, color and appearance of product. The rest of the analyzed variables did not present significative differences during storage.

Histiocitosis de células de langerhans / Histiocytosis langerhans cell

Con relativa frecuencia el pediatra puede encontrase frente a un paciente con signos y síntomas atribuibles a más de una enfermedad. En la medida en que se va avanzando en el diagnóstico diferencial, sin alcanzar el diagnóstico definitivo y que el tiempo va transcurriendo sin poder iniciar tratamiento, la preocupación se hace mayor. Se presenta el caso de una lactante menor femenina de seis meses, desnutrida, procedente del medio rural, y con sintomatología de aparentemente quince días de evolución a su ingreso, caracterizada por fiebre de 39ºC continua, tos seca, rinorrea anterior purulenta, adenomegalias y petequias en cuello, axilares, regiones inguinales y genitales, palidez cutáneo mucosa, hepatomegalia y esplenomegalia gigante. Después de diecisiete semanas de hospitalización, investigándose posibilidades etiológicas infecciosas para síndrome hemofagocítico, enfermedades linfoproliferativas e Histiocitosis maligna y realizados múltiples exámenes paraclínicos que incluyeron cuatro aspirados y dos biopsias de médula ósea, tres biopsias de ganglio, una biopsia hepática y citología de líquidos corporales, fue posible llegar al diagnóstico de Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans. Se hace una revisión de esta entidad denominada por algunos autores "La enfermedad retadora"