Treatment of acquired pyloric stenosis via Y-U pyloroplasty in a Burmese cat.

Case summary: An 11-year-old female spayed Burmese cat was presented for chronic intermittent vomiting. Previous medical and dietary treatments were unsuccessful. Endoscopically, a narrow pyloric outlet was found and Y-U pyloroplasty was performed. The clinical signs disappeared postoperatively after treatment with a proton pump inhibitor and dietary management. Relevance and novel information: This is the first case report of feline-acquired pyloric stenosis with documented histopathological findings from a full-thickness biopsy of the pyloric sphincter. In addition, this is the first case of Y-U pyloroplasty being conducted in a cat. The histopathological findings might help explain the pathogenesis of this disorder in cats.

Oxidative damage of canine erythrocytes after treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate oxidative erythrocyte damage in dogs treated with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case-controlled prospective observational study using blood obtained from dogs presenting for lameness examinations or standard surgical procedures to a private referral clinic. Sampling was performed from April 2018 to July 2019. Groups comprised dogs receiving either metamizole (dipyrone) (22 dogs), carprofen (20 dogs) or meloxicam (20 dogs) for a minimum of 10 days. Dogs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage were excluded from the study. A complete hematological, as well as a basic biochemical profile were performed in every dog. Pappenheim stained blood smears were evaluated for eccentrocytes and brilliant cresyl blue stained smears for Heinz bodies. EDTA blood was frozen at -80°C immediately after sampling for measurement of superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activity at an external laboratory. Hemoglobin concentration, superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activities, reticulocyte count, eccentrocyte and Heinz body numbers were determined prospectively as key parameters for further statistical assessment with Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: Dogs receiving metamizole showed a significant increase in eccentrocyte (median 14.5/500 cells vs. 0/500 cells in the other groups, p < 0.0001) and reticulocyte number (median 191.4 × 109/l vs. 31.6-37.9 × 109/l, p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration (median 8.4 mmol/l vs. 10.1-10.5 mmol/l, p < 0.0003). No significant difference in superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase activities was observed between dogs receiving metamizole and the other groups. Heinz bodies were not found in any of the dogs. CONCLUSION: Treatment with metamizole for 10 or more days resulted in decreased hemoglobin concentration, eccentrocytosis and reticulocytosis in dogs in this study. This might be a sign of increased oxidative damage caused by this drug. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Prolonged metamizole therapy should be evaluated critically in patients already affected by severe illness or underlying anaemia.

Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) in the diagnosis of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Reticulocyte hemoglobin content provided by the Siemens ADVIA (CHr) is an established marker of iron deficiency. The IDEXX ProCyte Dx hematology analyzer now provides a similar variable, reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He). OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate RET-He and its diagnostic utility in dogs, and to calculate a cutoff value for diagnosing iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Furthermore, the prevalence of RET-He values below this cutoff value was established. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-one CBCs of healthy dogs were used to establish a RI. Stability of RET-He was evaluated by repeated measurements over 48 hours (n = 10). The 25-run coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated, and correlation and bias between measurements of RET-He and CHr were assessed (n = 190). A cutoff value for diagnosing IDE was calculated. The utility of RET-He in the detection of IDE was evaluated in 123 dogs. The prevalence of low RET-He values was assessed retrospectively in a multicenter study (2012-2014) under participation of 7 veterinary clinics. RESULTS: Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent with an RI of 22.2 to 28.6 pg was statistically stable over 48 hours (P = .10). The CV was 1.8%. A fair correlation (ρ = 0.74) between RET-He and CHr with a small bias of -0.6 pg was found. The cutoff value for diagnosing IDE was 20.9 pg (sensitivity: 85%; specificity: 99%). The prevalence of RET-He values below 20.9 pg was 10.3% (1084/10,553 dogs). CONCLUSIONS: RET-He on the ProCyte Dx is a precise screening tool in dogs to detect iron-deficient erythropoiesis.

Canine reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) in different types of iron-deficient erythropoiesis.

BACKGROUND: Reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-He) is a diagnostic marker for iron deficiency (ID) in people and dogs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical utility of RET-He in the diagnosis of different causes of iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). METHODS: Canine CBCs were separated into 2 groups according to RET-He values, < 20.9 pg or ≥ 20.9 pg. Erythrocyte and reticulocyte variables were compared between dogs with decreased and normal RET-He values. Additional data for a subgroup of dogs were collected, and dogs with low RET-He values were categorized as having ID, inflammatory disorders (INFL), portosystemic shunt (PSS), miscellaneous diseases (MISC), or combinations of these diseases (ID+INFL, ID+PSS). Hematologic variables were compared between dogs of the different disease groups. RESULTS: Overall, 10.3% (1084/10,553) of canine CBCs showed decreased RET-He values. Significant differences between dogs with decreased and normal RET-He values were found for all erythrocyte and reticulocyte variables. The majority (68.9%, 747/1084) of dogs with low RET-He values was anemic; 28.9% (216/747) of those anemic dogs had microcytosis and hypochromasia. In the subgroup of dogs, 8.9% (205/2306) had low RET-He values. According to their diagnosed diseases, anemic dogs (138/205) could be categorized as ID (17/138; 12.3%), INFL (16/138; 11.6%), PSS (30/138; 21.7%), ID+INFL (63/138; 45.7%), ID+PSS (8/138; 5.8%), and MISC (4/138; 2.9%). Distribution in nonanemic dogs (67/205) was similar, except for a lower number of dogs with PSS. CONCLUSIONS: Low RET-He values indicate IDE even in dogs with other CBC variables within the RIs.

Efficacy of a continuous, multiagent chemotherapeutic protocol versus a short-term single-agent protocol in dogs with lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare response rates and remission and survival times in dogs with lymphoma treated with a continuous, multiagent, doxorubicin-based chemotherapeutic protocol or with a short-term single-agent protocol incorporating doxorubicin. DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 114 dogs with lymphoma. PROCEDURES: Dogs were treated with a chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and prednisolone (n=87) or doxorubicin alone (27). RESULTS: 63 of 86 (73%) dogs treated with the multiagent protocol (data on response was unavailable for 1 dog) and 14 of 27 (52%) dogs treated with the single-agent protocol had a complete remission. Dogs with lymphoma classified as substage