ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate an assay to detect minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using as single model rifampicin, isoniazid, levofloxacin (LVX) and linezolid (LNZ) and in combination. Material & methods: MBCs were carried out directly from resazurin microtiter assay plate and 3D checkerboard in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and five resistant clinical isolates. Results: The proposed MBC assay showed similar values to those determined by MGIT™, used as control. LVX and LNZ's MBC values were close to their MIC values. LNZ or LVX combined with isoniazid and rifampicin showed MBC value reduced in 63.7% of the assays. Conclusion: The proposed assay to determine MBCs of drugs can be applied to the study of new compounds with anti-M. tuberculosis activity to detect their bactericidal effect and also in laboratory routine for clinical dose adjustment of drugs according to the patient's profile.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Drug Synergism , Humans , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Levofloxacin/pharmacology , Linezolid/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Rifampin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Dada a importância de flebotomíneos na epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana, investigou-se a preferência alimentar desses insetos em relação aos animais domésticos comumente presentes no ambiente domiciliar de áreas rurais, onde a doença é endêmica. Os flebotomíneos foram coletados com armadilhas luminosas de Falcão, instaladas em gaiolas, cada uma com um dos animais domésticos selecionados para isca (suíno, cão, coelho ou galinha). Foram feitas 45 coletas, no Recanto Marista, município de Doutor Camargo, totalizando 135h de coletas por armadilha. Foram coletados 2.854 exemplares de flebotomíneos das seguintes espécies: Brumptomyia brumpti (Larousse), Evandromyia correalimai (Martins, Coutinho & Luz), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes), Expapillata firmatoi (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino), Micropygomyia ferreirana (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino), Migonemyia migonei (França), Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto), Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima), Pintomyia pessoai (Coutinho & Barreto), Psathyromyia lanei (Barreto & Coutinho) e Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar). A espécie dominante foi N. neivai. Não houve preferência alimentar de N. neivai e N. whitmani em relação aos animais usados como iscas. Conclui-se que N. neivai e N. whitmani são oportunistas e, provavelmente, suas fêmeas ajustam os seus hábitos alimentares à disponibilidade de hospedeiros, sugerindo o ecletismo alimentar desses dípteros nos ambientes antrópicos.
Due to the importance of sandflies in the American cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemiology, we investigated the feeding preference of sandflies related to domestic animals common in domiciliary environments in endemic rural areas, where this disease occurs. The sandflies were collected with Falcão light traps, installed in cages, each one containing one domestic animal kind (pig, dog, rabbit or chicken), in Recanto Marista, in Doutor Camargo municipality. Forty five collections were made, totaling 135h of collections per trap. A total of 2,854 sandflies of the following species were collected: Brumptomyia brumpti (Larousse), Evandromyia correalimai (Martins, Coutinho & Luz), Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes), Expapillata firmatoi (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino), Micropygomyia ferreirana (Barreto, Martins & Pellegrino), Migonemyia migonei (França), Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto), Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima), Pintomyia pessoai (Coutinho & Barreto), Psathyromyia lanei (Barreto & Coutinho) and Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar). The dominant species was N. neivai. N. neivai and N. whitmani did not show any feeding preference towards the animals used as bait. It was concluded that N. neivai and N. whitmani are opportunist and, probably, the females adjust their feeding habits to the availability of hosts, suggesting their feeding eclecticism in the anthropic environments.
