Draft Genome Sequences of Staphylococcus Podophages JBug18, Pike, Pontiff, and Pabna.

We report here the draft genome sequences of Staphylococcus bacteriophages JBug18, Pike, Pontiff, and Pabna, which infect and lyse S. epidermidis and S. aureus strains. All bacteriophages belong to the morphological family Podoviridae and constitute attractive candidates for use as whole-phage therapeutics due to their compact genomes and lytic lifestyles.

ApoE-associated modulation of neuroprotection from Aß-mediated neurodegeneration in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.

Allele-specific distinctions in the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus represent the best-characterized genetic predictor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Expression of isoform APOEε2 is associated with reduced risk, while APOEε3 is neutral and APOEε4 carriers exhibit increased susceptibility. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated a novel suite of humanized transgenic nematodes to facilitate neuronal modeling of amyloid-beta peptide (Aß) co-expression in the context of distinct human APOE alleles. We found that co-expression of human APOEε2 with Aß attenuated Aß-induced neurodegeneration, whereas expression of the APOEε4 allele had no effect on neurodegeneration, indicating a loss of neuroprotective capacity. Notably, the APOEε3 allele displayed an intermediate phenotype; it was not neuroprotective in young adults but attenuated neurodegeneration in older animals. There was no functional impact from the three APOE isoforms in the absence of Aß co-expression. Pharmacological treatment that examined neuroprotective effects of APOE alleles on calcium homeostasis showed allele-specific responses to changes in ER-associated calcium dynamics in the Aß background. Additionally, Aß suppressed survival, an effect that was rescued by APOEε2 and APOEε3, but not APOEε4. Expression of the APOE alleles in neurons, independent of Aß, exerted no impact on survival. Taken together, these results illustrate that C. elegans provides a powerful in vivo platform with which to explore how AD-associated neuronal pathways are modulated by distinct APOE gene products in the context of Aß-associated neurotoxicity. The significance of both ApoE and Aß to AD highlights the utility of this new pre-clinical model as a means to dissect their functional inter-relationship.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.