ABSTRACT
We present a new technique to measure pulsed magnetic fields based on the use of rubidium in gas phase as a metrological standard. We have therefore developed an instrument based on laser inducing transitions at about 780 nm (D2 line) in rubidium gas contained in a mini-cell of 3 mm × 3 mm cross section. To be able to insert such a cell in a standard high-field pulsed magnet, we have developed a fibred probe kept at a fixed temperature. Transition frequencies for both the π (light polarization parallel to the magnetic field) and σ (light polarization perpendicular to the magnetic field) configurations are measured by a commercial wavemeter. One innovation of our sensor is that in addition to the usual monitoring of the light transmitted by the Rb cell, we also monitor the fluorescence emission of the gas sample from a volume of 0.13 mm3. Our sensor has been tested up to about 58 T.
ABSTRACT
Ultracold gases excited to strongly interacting Rydberg states are a promising system for quantum simulations of many-body systems. For off-resonant excitation of such systems in the dissipative regime, highly correlated many-body states exhibiting, among other characteristics, intermittency and multimodal counting distributions are expected to be created. Here we report on the realization of a dissipative gas of rubidium Rydberg atoms and on the measurement of its full counting statistics and phase diagram for both resonant and off-resonant excitation. We find strongly bimodal counting distributions in the off-resonant regime that are compatible with intermittency due to the coexistence of dynamical phases. Our results pave the way towards detailed studies of many-body effects in Rydberg gases.
ABSTRACT
127 patients whose age was from 36 to 68 years old, affected by coeundi impotence, have been started to pharmaco-injection. 44 of these patients practised self-injection for 3 years: 25% once a week, 60% fortnightly and 15% once a month. The 60% of first group patients showed a certain fibrotic plaque between the 11th and the 13th month. At the end of the first year two patients with significative penile deviation underwent to corporoplasty. The 40% (6 patients) that made injection every 15-20 days showed fibrotic plaque between the 22nd and the 32nd month. At the third year two more patients underwent to corporoplasty. The 9 patients that made pharmacoerection monthly, showed plaque after almost 38 months. Only 11 patients have been using self-injection from about 7 years. At the half of the fifth year all patients presented multiple plaques and the 95% showed significant bends. At the end of the sixth year, 3 patients with serious bend, not to permit sexual intercourses, underwent to corporoplasty, having refused prosthesis. The anatomo-pathologic situation of the cavernous bodies has showed an heavy fibrosis, hipertrophy of smooth muscle and many perivascular phlogistic infiltrates.
Subject(s)
Papaverine/adverse effects , Penis/pathology , Adult , Aged , Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy , Fibrosis/chemically induced , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypertrophy/chemically induced , Male , Middle Aged , Papaverine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The seminal pattern was studied in a group of 52 patients before and six months after sclerotherapy of varicocele. In this series, we studied the differences in clinical and seminal characteristics between the group that succeeded in obtaining a pregnancy and the group that remained infertile after 1 year follow-up. The difference in pregnancy rate is discussed between the operated group and a control group of pz, who refused any form of surgery, after 1 year follow-up.
