ABSTRACT
For centuries children were considered "mini-adults". Together with expressing the need to educate children and putting a stop to their integration in the work field from the earliest years the 19th century also displayed a new image of the child, which clearly separates him from the adults. In this paper the authors analyze the Romanian legislation addressing juvenile delinquency in criminal temporal evolution. On the one hand the minority age limits are sought and modulation of legislative provisions according to these, and on the other hand, types of penalties for minors are discussed. The authors conclude that the approach to juvenile delinquency in the current Romanian Criminal Code is the result of a long process of reflection of the legislators on adopting a different system of sanctions for juvenile offenders and on creating special regulations concerning the prosecution, trial and enforcement of the decisions regarding them.
Subject(s)
Criminal Law/history , Education , Juvenile Delinquency/history , Punishment/history , Education/history , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Juvenile Delinquency/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Competency/legislation & jurisprudence , Prisons/history , Rehabilitation Centers/history , Romania , Torture/history , United KingdomABSTRACT
Traffic accidents can have more or less dramatic consequences that involve penal and civil responsibility with amplitude extending over long periods of time. In many cases, substitution of the driver with the passenger in order to avoid criminal responsibility is often remarked. The substitution takes place with the passenger's agreement or, in cases with dramatic consequences (coma or death), without his/her consent. These situations are encountered in civil cases regarding insurance fraud. In addition to forensic medical expertise, to aid the experts, mathematical modeling and computer simulation of the dynamics of vehicle passengers is a tool that completes the criminal expertise of traffic accidents. This paper presents the method of identification of the person driving the vehicle based on the computer simulation of vehicle occupants' dynamics.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Computer Simulation , Craniocerebral Trauma/etiology , Facial Injuries/etiology , Forearm Injuries/etiology , Multiple Trauma , Professional Competence , Brachial Plexus/injuries , Epiphyses/injuries , Forensic Medicine , Humans , Movement , Multiple Trauma/etiology , Romania , Young AdultABSTRACT
A prospective study intended for statistic analysis of suicide events occurring in 2004-2009 period, in lasi County, was performed. Specific data emerged from the conventional investigation, focusing on the sex, age, seasonality, marital condition, occupation status, blood alcohol concentration, religion adherence, and previous suicide attempts of the persons who committed the lethal self-aggression. The results showed a males: females (M:F) ratio of 4.13:1, central tendency to suicide towards the 46 years, a mean age of the self-murderers series of 45 years, while the most frequent age was 49 years. The interquartile range expanded from 33 to 56 years. The rural:urban (R:U) ratio was 1.38:1, whereas a statistically-significant seasonal variation was found in villages. Suicide events occurred more frequently around the Easter and Christmas, whereas the orthodox Christian believers seemed to suicide more than Catholics. Additionally, a correlated analysis, based essentially on data provided by the local Institute of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry Hospital, offered a comprehensive understanding of the mental state of the self-murderers and their psychiatric profile.
Subject(s)
Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Unemployment , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Age Distribution , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Life Change Events , Male , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Romania/epidemiology , Seasons , Sex Distribution , Suicide/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data , Suicide PreventionABSTRACT
Starting from the "epistemological naturalization of sciences of life", the authors present the complex content of medico-legal psychiatric examination, from which will result its scientific structure. The ontological, epistemological, hermeneutical and axiological content of this type of examination emphasize its methodological structure in the purpose of combining in a creative way its humanistic and scientific features.
Subject(s)
Anthropology, Cultural , Psychiatry/trends , Anthropology, Cultural/trends , Expert Testimony , Forensic Psychiatry/trends , Humans , Knowledge , Psychiatry/methods , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychoanalytic TheorySubject(s)
Philosophy, Medical , Suicide/legislation & jurisprudence , Adolescent , Aged , Child , Crisis Intervention , Humans , Prognosis , Social Responsibility , Suicide/trends , Suicide PreventionABSTRACT
Starting from the analysis of six cases of transsexualism (TS) the authors performed complex investigations of all sex levels and identified primary T.S. (disturbances of sexual differentiation), secondary TS (sexual perversions, sexopathy). This distinction appears to the authors as unavoidable for ethico-pathological and legal drive in view of the implications of T.S.--implications able to be analysed from standpoint.
