The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Periodontal Health between Challenge and Synergy: A Narrative Review.

By correctly repositioning teeth, orthodontic therapy improves both the function and appearance of an occlusion. The relationship between teeth and the tissues that surround and support them significantly influences these alterations. With ever more adults seeking orthodontic care, orthodontists are increasingly seeing patients with periodontal issues. Concerns about the patient's appearance, such as uneven gingival margins or functional issues caused by inflammatory periodontal diseases, should be accounted for when designing orthodontic treatment plans. Furthermore, orthodontics may increase the chances of saving and recovering a degraded dentition in cases of severe periodontitis. Today, general dentists, dontists, and orthodontists play integrative roles that enable them to achieve the best possible results for their patients. This review will improve the results of interdisciplinary treatments and increase cooperation between dental specialists by drawing attention to the essential connection between orthodontics and periodontics in regular clinical practice.

Are Local Drug Delivery Systems a Challenge in Clinical Periodontology?

Placing antimicrobial treatments directly in periodontal pockets is an example of the local administration of antimicrobial drugs to treat periodontitis. This method of therapy is advantageous since the drug concentration after application far surpasses the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lasts for a number of weeks. As a result, numerous local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) utilizing various antibiotics or antiseptics have been created. There is constant effort to develop novel formulations for the localized administration of periodontitis treatments, some of which have failed to show any efficacy while others show promise. Thus, future research should focus on the way LDDSs can be personalized in order to optimize future clinical protocols in periodontal therapy.

INFLUENCE OF CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM AND LUTROL ON THE SWELLING INDEX AND DISINTEGRATION TIME OF BIOMUCOADHESIVE TABLETS WITH MICONAZOLE NITRATE.

UNLABELLED: PURPOSE. To develop original pharmaceutical formulation with miconazole nitrate, biomucoadhesive tablets, used in antifungal medication. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The oral biomucoadhesive tablets with miconazole nitrate were developed by direct compression of the excipient mixture: carboxymethylcellulose sodium and lutrol 6000, excipients used for bioadhesivity, mannitol as a sugar substitute and aerosil as a lubricant. The main goal of the study is to determine the disintegration time and the swelling index of biomucoadhesive tablets with miconazole nitrate in order to estimate the time of contact with mucosa, respectively the prolongation of drug substance release. RESULTS: The swelling index was calculated depending on time in all the 5 formulations that included the carboxymethylcellulose sodium and Lutrol 6000 as matrix-forming, and the studied were time and association ratio between polymers. CONCLUSIONS: Analysing the results, we noticed that out of the four excipients we used, carboxymethylcellulose sodium had the higher influence on the swelling index and disintegration time.

Functional anatomy of the temporo-mandibular joint (II).

Jaw movement is analyzed as an action between two rigid components jointed together in a particular way, the movable mandible against the stabilized cranium. Opening and closing movements are symmetrical; that is, both sides of the cranio-mandibular articulation are making the same movements. Protrusive and retrusive movements may also be symmetrical. The mandibular muscles determine all the complicated postures and-movements of the jaw. Their behavior can be greatly clarified by restating certain fundamentals crucial to purposive muscular activity. The joint derives its arterial supply from the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery. Branches of the auriculo-temporal and masseteric nerves and postganglionic sympathetic nerves supply the tissues associated with the capsular ligament and the looser posterior bilaminar extension of the disc.

[Prevention of spinal disorders in dentistry]. / Preventia afectiunilor coloanei vertebrale la medicii dentisti.

UNLABELLED: Professional activity in dentistry account for excessive request of the spine and peripheral joints. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed an observational prospective study on ten physicians (six women, four men) aiming to evaluate the time used in vicious positions during a working day and to establish a specific kinetic program directed to relaxation and rebalancing lumbo-abdomino-pelvic muscles. The working time in a typical day either using orthostatic or sitting position was assessed according to a standard protocol. RESULTS: Left dorsal scoliosis with rotation lasting over 97 minutes of daily working time, sinistro-concave dorsal scoliosis with a typical duration of 42.5 minutes, dextro-concave kyphoscoliosis with a mean time of 37 minutes and dorsal scoliosis with right rotation lasting 31 minutes were reported. Moreover, both left and right rotations were demonstrated during the working time accounting for about 22.5 minutes and 29 minutes respectively, while a lesser time deal with the side of right-left uncombined movement. CONCLUSION: Almost three quarters of working time (71%) takes place in vicious positions, suggesting that, unfortunately, the ergonomic position is seldom maintained in current dentistry practice. A complex rehabilitation program is therefore mandatory in order to prevent muscle imbalance.

[Current aspects of risk factors in early stage cancer of the oral cavity]. / Actualitati privind factorii de risc în cancerul de debut al cavitatii orale.

Understanding opinions, attitudes and practices of dental healthcare professionals is vital in order to assess their effectiveness in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer, thus helping to reduce its mortality and morbidity. There is current debate on whether the implementation of screening and detecting of risk factors as a separate procedure from the daily routine work of dental healthcare professionals would be an effective measure for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer. Being able to routinely detect oral cancer at an early stage and counsel patients in prevention is a continuous challenge for the dental profession. Dentists must be familiar with the risk factors and clinical signs and symptoms of oral cancer if they are to be effective in identifying, referring and counseling high-risk patients.

Computerized morphometric discrimination between normal and tumoral cells in oral smears.

The oral exfoliative cytology allows a quick and fairly accurate assessment of suspicious lesions of the oral cavity. Within this context, our paper proposes a quantitative approach, focusing on the construction of a classifier for detecting the presence of the tumoral cells on oral smears. The design of the classifier relies on a detailed computerized analysis of the individual morphometric features exhibited by two large known populations of normal and tumoral cells, respectively; the digital image processing was performed in the Zeiss KS400 environment. The classifier was implemented as a neural network with step activation function, whose parameters were obtained from an adequate training, based on the nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of the cells belonging to the two populations. Our procedure based on this classifier was meant to operate by identifying the tumoral or normal nature of any cell randomly selected from a smear. To identify the nature of an arbitrary cell, its nuclear and cytoplasmic areas are presented at the input of the classifier. The classification procedure was tested on several smears, and the results coincided with the pathological diagnosis in all the considered cases. The performances of our approach are discussed in comparison with other analytical methods previously reported in oral exfoliative cytology. These discussions emphasize the role of numerical information exploited for the classifier design, concluding that the individual morphometric features are more meaningful than the global characterization of smears by mean values.