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1.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 60(5): 596-603, 2022 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35317935

ABSTRACT

We report a summary of developmental work to explore, develop, and establish clinical applications of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) with a temporal resolution of 70 frames/second in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Real-time MRI can contribute to procedure planning, diagnostics, rehabilitation, monitoring, and patient education. At present, conventional MRI is used extensively in the diagnosis, staging, and follow up of head and neck cancer patients, with scanning durations typically of several minutes and temporal resolution of up to 0.5 frames/second. The potential for rtMRI, where function can be assessed, could go far beyond the established clinical application of conventional MRI. Preliminary prototyping is a first stage in the establishment of rtMRI in OMFS. We follow best-practice approaches in co-creation across multiple disciplines, an indispensable aspect in the development of new methodologies and diagnostic tools.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
2.
Artif Life ; 26(2): 153-195, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32271636

ABSTRACT

We introduce MetaChem, a language for representing and implementing artificial chemistries. We motivate the need for modularization and standardization in representation of artificial chemistries. We describe a mathematical formalism for Static Graph MetaChem, a static-graph-based system. MetaChem supports different levels of description, and has a formal description; we illustrate these using StringCatChem, a toy artificial chemistry. We describe two existing artificial chemistries-Jordan Algebra AChem and Swarm Chemistry-in MetaChem, and demonstrate how they can be combined in several different configurations by using a MetaChem environmental link. MetaChem provides a route to standardization, reuse, and composition of artificial chemistries and their tools.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Chemical Phenomena , Origin of Life
3.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci ; 373(2046)2015 Jul 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26078342

ABSTRACT

We introduce and define 'heterotic computing' as a combination of two or more computational systems such that they provide an advantage over either substrate used separately. This first requires a definition of physical computation. We take the framework in Horsman et al. (Horsman et al. 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20140182. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0182)), now known as abstract-representation theory, then outline how to compose such computational systems. We use examples to illustrate the ubiquity of heterotic computing, and to discuss the issues raised when one or more of the substrates is not a conventional silicon-based computer. We briefly outline the requirements for a proper theoretical treatment of heterotic computational systems, and the advantages such a theory would provide.

4.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci ; 373(2046)2015 Jul 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26078351

ABSTRACT

Current computational theory deals almost exclusively with single models: classical, neural, analogue, quantum, etc. In practice, researchers use ad hoc combinations, realizing only recently that they can be fundamentally more powerful than the individual parts. A Theo Murphy meeting brought together theorists and practitioners of various types of computing, to engage in combining the individual strengths to produce powerful new heterotic devices. 'Heterotic computing' is defined as a combination of two or more computational systems such that they provide an advantage over either substrate used separately. This post-meeting collection of articles provides a wide-ranging survey of the state of the art in diverse computational paradigms, together with reflections on their future combination into powerful and practical applications.

5.
J Magn Reson ; 228: 66-75, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23357428

ABSTRACT

The use of genetic algorithms for the optimisation of magic angle spinning NMR pulse sequences is discussed. The discussion uses as an example the optimisation of the C7(2)(1) dipolar recoupling pulse sequence, aiming to achieve improved efficiency for spin systems characterised by large chemical shielding anisotropies and/or small dipolar coupling interactions. The optimised pulse sequence is found to be robust over a wide range of parameters, requires only minimal a priori knowledge of the spin system for experimental implementations with buildup rates being solely determined by the magnitude of the dipolar coupling interaction, but is found to be less broadbanded than the original C7(2)(1) pulse sequence. The optimised pulse sequence breaks the synchronicity between r.f. pulses and sample spinning.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Gene Regulatory Networks , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Models, Genetic , Anisotropy , Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
6.
J Magn Reson ; 173(2): 296-304, 2005 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15780921

ABSTRACT

Spectral lineshapes of MAS NMR spectra of dipolar (re)coupled spin pairs exhibiting considerable chemical shielding anisotropies at and near the so-called n=0 rotational resonance (R2) condition are considered. The n=0 R2 condition is found to be not extremely sharp. Anisotropic interaction parameters such as chemical shielding tensor orientations and the magnitude of the dipolar coupling constant remain sensitively encoded in such lineshapes even when differences in isotropic chemical shielding values of up to 400 Hz (corresponding to ca. half the size of the dipolar coupling constant) are present. Additional double-quantum filtration (DQF) may enhance the sensitivity of spectral lineshapes to anisotropic interaction parameters for even larger differences in isotropic chemical shielding values. The dependence of the DQF efficiency on spin-system parameters as well as on external parameters (Larmor and MAS frequencies) is investigated. Away from R2 conditions a trend to lower DQF efficiencies is found whereas some spin-system parameters are more sensitively encoded in the corresponding spectral lineshapes. Our study is based on numerical simulations, with the known parameters of the 31P spin pair in Na4P2O7.10H2O representing our model case.

7.
Solid State Nucl Magn Reson ; 27(3): 174-9, 2005 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15681134

ABSTRACT

It is shown that straightforward double-quantum filtered (1)H MAS NMR experiments yield spectral lineshapes that permit to estimate the minimum number of (1)H spins in a cluster. The approach may offer an alternative to multiple-quantum experiments for the characterisation of (1)H spin clusters of moderate size. The duration of the double-quantum excitation period has to be chosen suitably, it is necessary to find a practical compromise between optimum double-quantum filtration efficiency and optimum information content of the spectral lineshapes. Some (1)H MAS NMR experiments on partially deuterated maleic acid are reported as well as numerical simulations.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Maleates/analysis , Maleates/chemistry , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Protons , Computer Simulation , Deuterium/analysis , Deuterium/chemistry
8.
J Phys Chem A ; 109(11): 2436-42, 2005 Mar 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16833543

ABSTRACT

A unified approach to the study of 3D conformation and molecular dynamics using magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR is demonstrated on a uniformly 13C-labeled sample of L-tyrosine-ethylester.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Molecular , Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives , Tyrosine/chemistry , Esters
9.
J Phys Chem A ; 109(24): 5275-80, 2005 Jun 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16839050

ABSTRACT

31P MAS and double-quantum filtered 31P MAS NMR experiments at and near the n = 0 rotational resonance condition, as well as off-magic angle spinning 31P NMR experiments on two polycrystalline samples of Pt(II)-phosphine thiolate complexes are reported. Numerical simulations yield complete descriptions of the two 31P spin pairs. 195Pt MAS NMR spectra are straightforward to obtain but sensitively reflect only some parameters of the 195Pt(31P)2 three-spin system. Based on the 31P NMR results obtained and in conjunction with a large body of literature data and irrespective of the chemical nature of the specimen, a unified picture of the dominating motif of 31P chemical shielding tensor orientations of phosphorus sites with 4-fold coordination is identified as a local (pseudo)plane rather than the directions of P element bond directions.

10.
Solid State Nucl Magn Reson ; 24(4): 286-300, 2003 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14642422

ABSTRACT

We consider 29Si and 19F MAS NMR spectra of isolated 29Si(19F)2 and 29Si(19F)3 spin systems in two organosilicon compounds of the type RR'SiF2 and RSiF3(R,R' = organic ligands). Experimental spectra are analysed by means of numerical simulations. It is found that the SiF3 group in RSiF3 is reorienting rapidly around the molecular Si-C bond direction in the solid state. The two 19F shielding tensors in RR'SiF2 have strongly differing orientations relative to the two Si-F bond directions in the molecule. Possibilities and limitations of straightforward MAS NMR approaches for the full characterisation of 29Si(19F)2 and 29Si(19F)3 spin systems and other dipolar coupled two and three-spin systems are discussed.

11.
Solid State Nucl Magn Reson ; 23(1-2): 50-61, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12633831

ABSTRACT

An economic approach for implementing X-[1H,19F] double-decoupling MAS NMR experiments with a conventional X-[1H] dual-channel CP MAS probe is demonstrated. The parameters characterising the isolated 29Si-19F spin pair in an organosilicon compound R(3)SiF (R = 9-anthryl) are determined. In addition, we discuss the optimum choice of experimental parameters for determining all 29Si-19F spin-pair parameters from straightforward 29Si MAS NMR spectra with only 1H decoupling applied during acquisition.


Subject(s)
Fluorine/chemistry , Hydrogen/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Protons , Silicon/chemistry , Crystallography/methods , Isotopes , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
12.
Solid State Nucl Magn Reson ; 21(1-2): 71-85, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11949819

ABSTRACT

Double-quantum filtered MAS NMR spectra of an isolated homonuclear spin-1/2 pair are considered, at and away from rotational resonance conditions. The pulse sequence used is the solid-state NMR equivalent of double-quantum filtered COSY, known from solution-state NMR. The 119Sn spin pair in [(chex3Sn)2S] is characterized by a difference in isotropic chemical shielding smaller than the two chemical shielding anisotropies and by direct dipolar and isotropic J-coupling constants of similar magnitudes. At rotational resonance, one-dimensional double-quantum filtered 119Sn lineshapes yield the relative orientation of the two 119Sn chemical shielding tensors. Good double-quantum filtration efficiencies are found at and away from rotational resonance conditions, despite the presence of large chemical shielding anisotropies. Numerical simulations illustrate the interplay of the direct dipolar and J-coupling pathways and identify the latter as the main pathway even at rotational resonance conditions.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Anisotropy , Isotopes , Tin
13.
Acta Crystallogr B ; 58(Pt 1): 52-61, 2002 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11818654

ABSTRACT

The compounds tetrakis(trimethylstannyl)germane, Ge(SnMe3)4 (1), and tetrakis(trimethylstannyl)silane, Si(SnMe3)4 (2), have crystal structures with the quasispherical molecules in a closed-packed stacking. At room temperature both structures have the space group P1 (Z = 2) with a = 9.94457 (5), b = 14.52927 (8), c = 9.16021 (5) A, alpha = 90.53390 (30), beta = 111.73080 (30), gamma = 90.0049 (4) degrees, and V = 1229.414 (12) A3 for (1) and a = 9.92009 (7), b = 14.51029 (11), c = 9.13585 (7) A, alpha = 90.4769 (4), beta = 111.6724 (4), gamma = 89.9877 (6) degrees, and V = 1222.037 (16) A3 for (2). The molecules are found to be ordered as a result of steric interactions between neighboring molecules, as shown by analyzing the distances between the atoms. Upon heating, both compounds undergo a first-order phase transition at temperatures T(c) = 348 +/- 5 K, as characterized by a relative jump of the lattice parameter of approximately 16%. At 353 K, both structures have the space group P1 (Z = 4), with a = 14.2037 (2) A, and V = 2865.52 (7) A3 for (1) and a = 14.1346 (2) A, and V = 2823.90 (7) A3 for (2). Rietveld refinements were performed for the low-temperature phases measured at T = 295 K [R(wp) = 0.0844 for (1), R(wp) = 0.0940 for (2)] and for the high-temperature phases measured at T = 353 K [R(wp) = 0.0891 for (1), R(wp) = 0.0542 for (2)]. The combination of high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction measurements and variable-temperature magic-angle-spinning 13C, 29Si and 119Sn NMR experiments demonstrates low crystallographic and molecular (C1) symmetries for the low-temperature phases of (1) and (2) at temperatures T < 348 +/- 5 K and high crystallographic symmetry due to rotational disorder for the high-temperature phases at temperatures T > 348 +/- 5 K.

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