Effect of Milk-Feeding Frequency and Calcium Gluconate Supplementation on Growth, Health, and Reproductive and Metabolic Features of Holstein Heifers at a Rearing Farm.

We compared the effects of milk-feeding in 288 Holstein calves (72 per group) which were fed twice (2F) or thrice (3F) daily, with or without the addition of hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (G) supplemented in the starter food and in the daily diet up to the age of 9 months, on the calves' metabolism, growth, health, and reproductive efficiency up to first pregnancy. The calves received 6 L of milk replacer (130 g/L) and had ad libitum access to water and textured calf starter with or without gluconate. Gluconate supplementation promoted a "catch-up" in growth in supplemented calves compared to their counterparts that did not receive gluconate. Gluconate appeared to reduce animal metabolic stress during key events, such as weaning and transfer into open-door pens, reducing fructosamine (352.61 vs. 303.06 in 3FG and 3F, respectively; p = 0.028) and urea (3F revealed the highest values compared with the other three groups: 19.06 for 3F vs. 13.9 (2F), 13.7 (2FG), and 14.3 (3FG), respectively, p = 0.002) from weaning onwards. The feeding of dairy calves with milk replacer three rather than two times per day tended to be associated with better health from weaning to 4 months old; parameters such as ultrasound lung score and calf health score improved over time (p < 0.001). Thrice-daily feeding with milk replacer tended to reduce the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy in heifers by 0.2 points (p = 0.092). We confirmed significant correlations between early health and growth parameters and reproductive efficiency and a positive correlation between body weight and average daily weight gain and the thickness of the back fat layer in young heifers (r = 0.245; p < 0.0001; r = 0.214; p < 0.0001 respectively). Our study was conducted on a commercial farm with reasonably effective animal management, so baseline welfare was likely satisfactory.

Beef Nutritional Characteristics, Fat Profile and Blood Metabolic Markers from Purebred Wagyu, Crossbred Wagyu and Crossbred European Steers Raised on a Fattening Farm in Spain.

A high intramuscular fat content characterizes Wagyu (WY) cattle breed. Our objective was to compare beef from WY, WY-by-Angus, or Wangus (WN) steers with European, Angus-by-Charolais-Limousine crossbred steers (ACL), considering metabolic biomarkers pre-slaughtering and nutritional characteristics, including health-related indexes of the lipid fraction. The fattening system with olein-rich diets and no exercise restriction included 82 steers, 24 WY, 29 WN, and 29 ACL. The slaughter ages and weights were (median and interquartile range) 38.4 mo.-old (34.9-40.3 mo.) and 840 kg (785-895 kg) for WY; for WN, 30.6 mo. (26.9-36.5 mo.) and 832 kg (802-875 kg), and for ACL steers, 20.3 mo.-old (19.0-22.7 mo.) and 780 kg (715-852 kg). Blood lipid-related metabolites, except for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low-density level cholesterol (LDL), were higher in WY and WN than in ACL, while glucose was lower in WY and WN. Leptin was higher in WN than in ACL. Pre-slaughtering values of plasma HDL underscored as a possible metabolic biomarker directly related to beef quality. The amino-acid content in beef did not differ among experimental groups, except for more crude protein in ACL. Compared to ACL, WY steers showed higher intramuscular fat in sirloin (51.5 vs. 21.9%) and entrecote (59.6 vs. 27.6%), more unsaturated fatty acids in entrecote (55.8 vs. 53.0%), and more oleic acid in sirloin (46 vs. 41.3%) and entrecote (47.5 vs. 43.3%). Compared to ACL entrecote, WY and WN showed better atherogenic (0.6 and 0.55 vs. 0.69), thrombogenicity (0.82 and 0.92 vs. 1.1), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index (1.9 and 2.1 vs. 1.7). Therefore, beef's nutritional characteristics depend on breed/crossbred, slaughtering age and cut, with WY and WN entrecote samples showing a healthier lipid fraction.

Comparison of Pure and Crossbred Japanese Black Steers in Growth Performance and Metabolic Features from Birth to Slaughter at a Spanish Fattening Farm.

Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle produce high-quality beef. However, whether Wagyu steers can be profitably raised under conditions different than the traditional Japanese ones remains unclear. From 2018 to 2020, we raised 262 Wagyu purebred steers, 103 Wagyu-by-Angus (Wangus) crossbred steers, and 43 Angus-by-European (ACL) crossbred steers on a Spanish farm with high welfare standards and a locally sourced, high-olein diet. Factors and factors' interactions impacting steer growth were analyzed using generalized linear models. ACL steers grew faster than the other two groups, with Wangus showing intermediate fattening and muscle development. Average daily weight gains (kg/day) were 0.916 for Wagyu, 1.046 for Wangus, and 1.293 for ACL during the weaning to growing period, and 0.628 for Wagyu, 0.64 for Wangus, and 0.802 for ACL during the growing to fattening phase. ACL showed the lowest marbling rates. Wagyu and Wangus usually showed higher cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein than ACL. ACL calves may experience greater stress at weaning, as suggested by higher glucose, lactate, and ß-hydroxybutyrate than the other groups. The results suggest that Wagyu and Wangus steers showed adequate growth, health, and metabolic development in this type of production system, with Wagyu purebreds probably being more profitable than Wangus crossbreeds.

MOET Efficiency in a Spanish Herd of Japanese Black Heifers and Analysis of Environmental and Metabolic Determinants.

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) systems have been intensively implemented in Japanese Black cattle in Japan and to create Japanese Black herds out of these areas. Environmental conditions influence MOET efficiency. Thus, we describe results of 137 in vivo, non-surgical embryo flushings performed between 2016-2020, in a full-blood Japanese Black herd kept in Spain and the possible effects of heat, year, bull, donor genetic value, and metabolic condition. Additionally, 687 embryo transfers were studied for conception rate (CR) and recipient related factors. A total of 71.3% of viable embryos (724/1015) were obtained (5.3 ± 4.34/flushing). Donor metabolites did not affect embryo production (p > 0.1), although metabolite differences were observed over the years, and by flushing order, probably related to the donor age. CR was not affected by embryo type (fresh vs. frozen), recipient breed, and whether suckling or not suckling (p > 0.1). CR decreased significantly with heat (44.3 vs. 49.2%; (p = 0.042)) and numerically increased with recipient parity and ET-number. Pregnant recipients showed significantly higher levels of cholesterol-related metabolites, glucose, and urea (p < 0.05). Therefore, adequate MOET efficiency can be achieved under these conditions, and heat stress should be strongly avoided during Japanese Black embryo transfers. Moreover, recipients' metabolites are important to achieve pregnancy, being probably related to better nutrient availability during pregnancy.

Risk of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke after convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: international individual patient data pooled analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency, time-course and predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), recurrent convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH), and ischemic stroke after cSAH associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). METHODS: We performed a systematic review and international individual patient-data pooled analysis in patients with cSAH associated with probable or possible CAA diagnosed on baseline MRI using the modified Boston criteria. We used Cox proportional hazards models with a frailty term to account for between-cohort differences. RESULTS: We included 190 patients (mean age 74.5 years; 45.3% female) from 13 centers with 385 patient-years of follow-up (median 1.4 years). The risks of each outcome (per patient-year) were: ICH 13.2% (95% CI 9.9-17.4); recurrent cSAH 11.1% (95% CI 7.9-15.2); combined ICH, cSAH, or both 21.4% (95% CI 16.7-26.9), ischemic stroke 5.1% (95% CI 3.1-8) and death 8.3% (95% CI 5.6-11.8). In multivariable models, there is evidence that patients with probable CAA (compared to possible CAA) had a higher risk of ICH (HR 8.45, 95% CI 1.13-75.5, p = 0.02) and cSAH (HR 3.66, 95% CI 0.84-15.9, p = 0.08) but not ischemic stroke (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.17-1.82, p = 0.33) or mortality (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.16-1.78, p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cSAH associated with probable or possible CAA have high risk of future ICH and recurrent cSAH. Convexity SAH associated with probable (vs possible) CAA is associated with increased risk of ICH, and cSAH but not ischemic stroke. Our data provide precise risk estimates for key vascular events after cSAH associated with CAA which can inform management decisions.

Pregnancy Loss (28-110 Days of Pregnancy) in Holstein Cows: A Retrospective Study.

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of pregnancy loss (PL; between 28-110 pregnancy days) and its relationship with factors: farm, year (2015-2018), season, artificial insemination (AI)-rank, parity, AI-type (fixed-time vs. oestrus-AI), previous PL, days in milk (DIM), fixed-time-AI protocol, AI-technician, bull, and semen-type (sexed vs. conventional). Data of 19,437 Holstein cattle AIs from eight Spanish farms were studied. Overall conception rate was 34.3% (6696/19,437) and PL 12.3% (822/6696). The PL was more likely to occur in primiparous (10.8%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.35; p = 0.04) and multiparous (15.3%; OR = 2.02, p < 0.01) than in heifers (PL = 6.9%, reference). Pregnancies achieved with AI after observed oestrus and natural breedings were associated with less PL than pregnancies after fixed-time-AI (12.7 vs. 11.9%; OR = 0.12, p = 0.01). First AIs related to higher PL than ≥2nd AIs (PL = 13.8% vs. 11.2; OR = 0.73, p < 0.01). The factors season, fixed-time-AI protocol, DIM, bull, AI-technician, or type of semen were not significantly associated with PL. Therefore, farmers and consultants should adapt their preventive strategies relating to PL, particularly, to the parity of the cattle.

[Nutrition and gastronomy in Aragón]. / Nutrición y gastronomía en Aragón.

INTRODUCTION: Objectives: review the knowledge on the nutritional situation of the Aragonese population and on Aragón's own gastronomy as necessary elements for the welfare and health of its population. Methods: literature review in relation to the subject. Results: a gastronomy characteristic of Aragón is identified. The main finding identified on the literature review is to do with the historical evolution of the population in the Aragonese territory. At present, the population tends to concentrate in provincial urban centers, mainly in Zaragoza, where the food tradition tends to be diluted by external influences. The health authorities qualify quality foods by PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) certifications in wines and oils, as well as vegetables and meats. Aragón is the fifth county in food consumption per inhabitant in Spain with the highest consumption of potatoes and fresh vegetables from Spain. Meat consumption is high and are those who have a greater energy intake from lipids of all the autonomous communities. These data are related to the fact that most men are overweight or obese. Conclusions: there is a lack of updated studies that assess the nutritional status of the population in Aragón. The last study was promoted by the National Pharmacists Vocalic of Nutrition of the CGCOF (General Council of Pharmaceutical Associations of Spain) throughout Spain for adults who perform some kind of physical activity. The nutritional education of the population must be improved so that they are able to choose rations and foods that promote their health and well-being and integrate traditional gastronomy into their daily diet as part of their cultural heritage.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivos: revisar los conocimientos sobre la situación nutricional de la población aragonesa y sobre la gastronomía propia de Aragón como elementos necesarios para el bienestar y la salud de la población. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en relación con el tema. Resultados: se identifica una gastronomía propia de Aragón relacionada con la evolución histórica de la población en el territorio. Actualmente, la población tiende a concentrarse en centros urbanos y capitales de provincia, especialmente en Zaragoza, donde la tradición alimentaria tiende a diluirse por influencias externas. Por parte de las autoridades se impulsan los alimentos de calidad con las certificaciones IGP tanto en vinos y aceites como en hortalizas y carnes. Los aragoneses se encuentran en el quinto lugar en consumo de alimentos por habitante de España, con el mayor consumo de patatas y hortalizas frescas. También tienen un elevado consumo de carnes y son quienes poseen un mayor aporte energético proveniente de lípidos de todas las comunidades autónomas. Estos datos estarían relacionados con que la mayoría de los varones adultos tienen sobrepeso u obesidad. Conclusiones: se echan en falta estudios más actualizados que valoren la situación nutricional de la población en Aragón. El último ha sido promovido por la Vocalía Nacional del Consejo General de Colegios Farmacéuticos (CGCOF) a nivel nacional para adultos que realizan actividad física. Debe mejorarse la educación nutricional de la población a fin de que sean capaces de elegir raciones y alimentos que promocionen su salud y bienestar e integren la gastronomía tradicional en su alimentación cotidiana como parte de su patrimonio cultural.

Nutrición y gastronomía en Aragón / Nutrition and gastronomy in Aragón

Objetivos: revisar los conocimientos sobre la situación nutricional de la población aragonesa y sobre la gastronomía propia de Aragón como elementos necesarios para el bienestar y la salud de la población. Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica en relación con el tema. Resultados: se identifica una gastronomía propia de Aragón relacionada con la evolución histórica de la población en el territorio. Actualmente, la población tiende a concentrarse en centros urbanos y capitales de provincia, especialmente en Zaragoza, donde la tradición alimentaria tiende a diluirse por influencias externas. Por parte de las autoridades se impulsan los alimentos de calidad con las certificaciones IGP tanto en vinos y aceites como en hortalizas y carnes. Los aragoneses se encuentran en el quinto lugar en consumo de alimentos por habitante de España, con el mayor consumo de patatas y hortalizas frescas. También tienen un elevado consumo de carnes y son quienes poseen un mayor aporte energético proveniente de lípidos de todas las comunidades autónomas. Estos datos estarían relacionados con que la mayoría de los varones adultos tienen sobrepeso u obesidad. Conclusiones: se echan en falta estudios más actualizados que valoren la situación nutricional de la población en Aragón. El último ha sido promovido por la Vocalía Nacional del Consejo General de Colegios Farmacéuticos (CGCOF) a nivel nacional para adultos que realizan actividad física. Debe mejorarse la educación nutricional de la población a fin de que sean capaces de elegir raciones y alimentos que promocionen su salud y bienestar e integren la gastronomía tradicional en su alimentación cotidiana como parte de su patrimonio cultural

Objectives: review the knowledge on the nutritional situation of the Aragonese population and on Aragón’s own gastronomy as necessary elements for the welfare and health of its population. Methods: literature review in relation to the subject. Results: a gastronomy characteristic of Aragón is identified. The main finding identified on the literature review is to do with the historical evolution of the population in the Aragonese territory. At present, the population tends to concentrate in provincial urban centers, mainly in Zaragoza, where the food tradition tends to be diluted by external influences. The health authorities qualify quality foods by PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) certifications in wines and oils, as well as vegetables and meats. Aragón is the fifth county in food consumption per inhabitant in Spain with the highest consumption of potatoes and fresh vegetables from Spain. Meat consumption is high and are those who have a greater energy intake from lipids of all the autonomous communities. These data are related to the fact that most men are overweight or obese. Conclusions: there is a lack of updated studies that assess the nutritional status of the population in Aragón. The last study was promoted by the National Pharmacists Vocalic of Nutrition of the CGCOF (General Council of Pharmaceutical Associations of Spain) throughout Spain for adults who perform some kind of physical activity. The nutritional education of the population must be improved so that they are able to choose rations and foods that promote their health and well-being and integrate traditional gastronomy into their daily diet as part of their cultural heritage

Complicaciones secundarias a colelitiasis y su manejo: Puntos fundamentales para el diagnóstico / Complications from Cholelithiasis and its Management: Key Points for Diagnosis

La colelitiasis es una condición patológica altamente frecuente en la población mundial, por lo que es de vital importancia, tanto para cirujanos como para radiólogos, reconocer de forma temprana las complicaciones; esto permitirá disminuir la morbimortalidad secundaria a la enfermedad y su manejo quirúrgico, identificando entidades que varían en un amplio espectro desde condiciones inflamatorias e infecciosas, hasta causas iatrogénicas y vasculares.

Cholelithiasis is a highly prevalent disease in the world's population and it is important for surgeons and radiologists to make the early recognition of the complications in order to reduce mortality and morbidity secondary to the pathology and its surgical management, identifying entities that vary across the spectrum of disease from inflammatory and infectious conditions, to iatrogenic and vascular causes.

Nail involvement can predict enthesopathy in patients with psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Although subclinical enthesopathy is a well-established diagnostic criterion for psoriatic arthritis (PsA), it is frequently overlooked, as many patients are asymptomatic. The possibility of finding a clinical clue predicting enthesopathy would help clinicians establish an early diagnosis of PsA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective single-center study of a total of 90 patients with psoriasis was conducted to assess the presence of entheseal abnormalities as detected by ultrasound, and to determine any correlation with nail involvement. RESULTS: Entheseal abnormalities were found in 23 patients (25.5 %), 19 (82.6 %) of whom showed nail involvement, whereas four (17.4 %) individuals did not. Enthesopathy was present in 31.1 % (19/61) of patients with onychopathy compared to 13.8 % (4/29) of those without nail involvement (p  =  0.07). There was a significant correlation between target NAPSI score and evidence of enthesopathy. In addition, the number of nails affected also showed a significant correlation with the presence of enthesopathy (p  = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical evidence of onychopathy may be the clue to an early diagnosis of enthesopathy in psoriasis patients.

Nagelbefall kann bei Patienten mit Psoriasis auf eine Enthesiopathie hinweisen.

HINTERGRUND: Obwohl subklinische Enthesiopathie ein gut etabliertes diagnostisches Merkmal der Psoriasisarthritis (PsA) ist, wird sie häufig übersehen, da viele Patienten asymptomatisch sind. Gäbe es klinische Hinweise auf das Vorliegen einer Enthesiopathie, würde dies den Klinikern die Möglichkeit eröffnen, eine PsA frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren. MATERIAL UND METHODEN: Es wurde eine monozentrische prospektive Studie mit insgesamt 90 Psoriasis-Patienten durchgeführt, um mittels Ultraschall das Vorliegen von Enthesenanomalien zu untersuchen und eine Korrelation mit dem Befall der Nägel festzustellen. ERGEBNISSE: Enthesenanomalien wurden bei 23 Patienten (25,5 %) gefunden, von denen 19 (82,6 %) Nagelbefall aufwiesen. Bei 4 Patienten waren die Nägel nicht betroffen. Enthesiopathie lag bei 31,1 % (19/61) der Patienten mit Onychopathie vor, von den Patienten ohne Nagelbefall litten nur 13,8 % (4/29) an Enthesiopathie (p = 0,07). Zwischen dem Target-NAPSI-Score und dem Vorliegen einer Enthesiopathie bestand eine signifikante Korrelation. Eine signifikante Korrelation bestand darüber hinaus auch zwischen dem Vorliegen einer Enthesiopathie und der Anzahl der betroffenen Nägel (p = 0,035). SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Klinische Belege für eine Onychopathie können der Schlüssel für die frühe Diagnose einer Enthesiopathie bei Psoriasis-Patienten sein.

Cuadro ampolloso distal de inicio brusco y hemorragias en astilla / Sudden onset of distal bullae and splinter hemorraghes

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Multisystemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis.

We report the first case of multisystemic Langerhans cell histiocytes mimicking diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis clinically. This has been described in patients with congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis but not in patients with acute, disseminated, and multisystemic disease. In our experience, dermoscopic findings did not help to diagnose the condition.

[Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis as a clue to occult gallbladder carcinoma]. / Dermatomiositis paraneoplásica como clave de un carcinoma de vesícula biliar oculto.

Adult-onset dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflam- matory myopathy frequently associated with underlying cancer, including gastrointestinal tumors. However, its as- sociation with carcinomas of the hepatobiliary tract is exceptional. We present a case of paraneoplastic DM occurring as the first and only clinical manifestation of an underlying carcinoma of gallbladder.