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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 10(12)2022 Nov 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36553928

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Peru is the country with the highest mortality rate from COVID-19 globally, so the analysis of the characteristics of deaths is of national and international interest. The aim was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of deaths from COVID-19 in Peru from 28 March to 21 May 2020. METHODS: Deaths from various sources were investigated, including the COVID-19 Epidemiological Surveillance and the National System of Deaths (SINADEF). In all, 3851 deaths that met the definition of a confirmed case and had a positive result of RT-PCR or rapid test IgM/IgG, were considered for the analysis. We obtained the epidemiological variables and carried out an analysis of time defined as the pre-hospital time from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization, and hospital time from the date of hospitalization to death. RESULTS: Deaths were more frequent in males (72.0%), seniors (68.8%) and residents of the region of Lima (42.7%). In 17.8% of cases, the death occurred out-of-hospital, and 31.4% had some comorbidity. The median of pre-hospital time was 7 days (IQR: 4.0-9.0) and for the hospital time was 5 days (IQR: 3.0-9.0). The multivariable analysis with Poisson regression with robust variance found that the age group, comorbidity diagnosis and the region of origin significantly influenced pre-hospital time; while sex, comorbidity diagnosis, healthcare provider and the region of origin significantly influenced hospital time. CONCLUSION: Deaths occurred mainly in males, seniors and on the coast, with considerable out-of-hospital deaths. Pre-hospital time was affected by age group, the diagnosis of comorbidities and the region of origin; while, hospital time was influenced by gender, the diagnosis of comorbidities, healthcare provider and the region of origin.

2.
Hum Resour Health ; 20(1): 86, 2022 12 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36550511

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Peru has some of the worst outcomes worldwide as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; it is presumed that this has also affected healthcare workers. This study aimed to establish whether occupation and other non-occupational variables were risk factors for possible reinfection, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19 in cohorts of Peruvian healthcare workers infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Healthcare workers who presented SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 1, 2020, and August 6, 2021, were included. Occupational cohorts were reconstructed from the following sources of information: National Epidemiological Surveillance System, molecular tests (NETLAB), results of serology and antigen tests (SICOVID-19), National Registry of Health Personnel (INFORHUS), and National Information System of Deaths (SINADEF). The incidence of probable reinfection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 was obtained in the cohorts of technicians and health assistants, nursing staff, midwives, dentists, doctors, and other healthcare workers. We evaluated whether the occupation and other non-occupational variables were risk factors for probable reinfection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 using log-binomial and probit binomial models, obtaining the adjusted relative risk (RRAJ). RESULTS: 90,398 healthcare workers were included in the study. Most cases were seen in technicians and health assistants (38.6%), and nursing staff (25.6%). 8.1% required hospitalization, 1.7% died from COVID-19, and 1.8% had probable reinfection. A similar incidence of probable reinfection was found in the six cohorts (1.7-1.9%). Doctors had a higher incidence of hospitalization (13.2%) and death (2.6%); however, they were also those who presented greater susceptibility linked to non-occupational variables (age and comorbidities). The multivariate analysis found that doctors (RRAJ = 1.720; CI 95: 1.569-1.886) had a higher risk of hospitalization and that the occupation of technician and health assistant was the only one that constituted a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19 (RRAJ = 1.256; 95% CI: 1.043-1.512). CONCLUSIONS: Peruvian technicians and health assistants would have a higher risk of death from COVID-19 than other healthcare workers, while doctors have a higher incidence of death probably linked to the high frequency of non-occupational risk factors. Doctors present a higher risk of hospitalization independent of comorbidities and age; likewise, all occupations show a similar risk of probable reinfection.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Peru/epidemiology , Reinfection , Retrospective Studies , Health Personnel , Hospitalization
4.
Rev. ecuat. neurol ; 28(2): 13-18, may.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058450

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El estrés crónico y la masticación afectan a la respuesta dolora; sin embargo, hay escasos conocimientos sobre la relación entre dichas variables. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del estrés crónico y la masticación sobre la respuesta al dolor. Métodos: 32 ratones albinos machos de 8 semanas de edad de la cepa Balb/c se dividieron en 4 grupos iguales: Grupo N: masticación normal sin estrés; Grupo NE: Masticación normal + estrés, Grupo D: masticación deficiente sin estrés y Grupo DE: Masticación deficiente + estrés. Se evaluó la respuesta al estímulo doloroso mediante el test de retirada de la cola ante un estímulo térmico. Resultados: Mediante Anova se compararon los 4 grupos experimentales a la décima segunda y décima sexta semana de vida de los ratones, obteniéndose un valor de p = 0,982 y p = 0,176; respectivamente. Mediante t de student para muestras relacionadas se comparó la variación de la respuesta al dolor; se obtuvo un valor de p = 0,52; p = 0,17; p = 0,84 y p = 0,069 para el grupo N, NE, D y DE respectivamente. Conclusión: El estrés crónico y la masticación no modifican la respuesta al dolor en ratones de la cepa Balb/c.


Abstract Introduction: Chronic stress and mastication affect the response to pain; however, there is little knowledge about the relationship between these variables. Objective: Determine the influence of chronic stress and mastication on the response to pain. Methods: thirty-two 8-week-old male Balb/c mice were used. The sample was divided into 4 equal groups: Group N: normal mastication without stress; Group NE: Normal chewing + stress, Group D: deficient chewing without stress and Group DE: Poor chewing + stress. The response to the painful stimulus was evaluated through the tail withdrawal assay due to a thermal stimulus. Results: By comparing the 4 experimental groups to the fourth and the eighth week through the ANOVA test yielded a value of p = 0.982 and p = 0.176; respectively. By applying the 't' student, within each group, in comparison of the variation of the pain response between the fourth and eighth week, the values ​​of p = 0.52; p = 0.17; p = 0.84 and p = 0.069 were obtained for the group N, NE, D and DE respectively. Conclusion: Chronic stress and mastication do not modify the response to pain in albino Balb/c mice.

6.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 70(4): 235-240, oct.-dic. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-609567

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar las características epidemiológicas de las defunciones por influenza A(H1N1) en la población asegurada de EsSalud-2009. Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Lugar: Seguro Social del Perú - EsSalud. Participantes: Personas muertas por influenza A(H1N1). Intervenciones: La información se recolectó del sistema de vigilancia para Infección Respiratoria Aguda Grave y muertes asociadas de Influenza A(H1N1) de la población asegurada a nivel nacional. Se elaboró una base de datos y se procesó según características epidemiológicas de persona, tiempo y espacio, considerando las características clínicas y comorbilidad asociada. Principales medidas de resultados: Muertes por influenza A(H1N1). Resultados: Se registró un total de 74 muertes por influenza A(H1N1) durante el año 2009, 54 por ciento (40) hombres y 46 por ciento (34) mujeres. El grupo de edad que presentó mayor afectación fue el de 60 a más años, con 26 por ciento (19). La edad promedio de fallecimiento fue 41 años. Todos los pacientes fallecidos fueron hospitalizados y presentaron como síntomas principales fiebre y dificultad respiratoria. El 54 por ciento (40) presentó comorbilidad, principalmente enfermedades cardiovasculares, insuficiencia renal y obesidad. Según zona de procedencia, la mayoría de fallecimientos fue de Lima, seguido por Arequipa y el Cusco. Conclusiones: Las muertes presentadas por influenza A(H1N1) 2009 en los pacientes asegurados en EsSalud son similares a la tendencia nacional, en cuanto a su distribución por sexo. Donde se muestra una diferencia es en el grupo de edad que más fallecidos presentó: para el nivel nacional fue 50 a 59 años (18,2 por ciento), mientras que para EsSalud fue 60 a más años (26 por ciento). Asimismo, puede verse que la comorbilidad en los fallecidos en EsSalud (54 por ciento) fue menor a lo reportado por el Minsa para el nivel nacional (77,6 por ciento).


Objectives: To determine deaths from influenza A(H1N1) 2009 epidemiological characteristics in EsSalud insured population-2009. Design: Observational, descriptive, transversal study. Setting: Peruvian Social Security - EsSalud. Participants: Persons dead due to influenza A(H1N1). Interventions: The information was collected from the Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections and Influenza A (H1N1) associated deaths of the insured population nationwide. A database was developed and processed according to time and space personsÆ epidemiological characteristics and considering clinical features like risk factors and associated comorbidities. Main outcome measures: Deaths due to influenza A(H1N1). Results: A total of 74 deaths from influenza AH1N1 were notified, 54 per cent (40) were men and 46 per cent (34) women; age group most involved was 60 and more years with 26 per cent of all deaths (19). Average age of death was 41 years. All dead patients were hospitalized and presented as main symptoms fever and respiratory distress; 54 per cent (40) had comorbidity mainly cardiovascular disease, renal failure and obesity. As for provenance, most deaths were from Lima, followed by Arequipa and Cusco. Conclusions: Deaths by influenza A (H1N1) 2009 features in EsSalud insured patients were similar to the national trend in terms of sex distribution. There was difference in the age group with most deaths; the national age group was 50 to 59 years (18,2 per cent) and for EsSalud 60 to more years (26 per cent). Comorbidity in those who died in EsSalud (54 per cent) was lower than that reported by Minsa at the national level (77,6 per cent).


Subject(s)
Humans , Comorbidity , Epidemiologic Factors , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 24(3): 225-233, jul.-sept. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-549860

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Estimar la carga de morbilidad por SIDA en la población asegurada en EsSalud en los años 2002 y 2003. Materiales y métodos: Se calcularon los años de vida saludables perdidos (AVISA) por SIDA, resultante de la suma de las pérdidas de salud por muerte prematura (AVP) y por discapacidad (AVD). Se consultó el Sub Sistema de Vigilancia de Defunciones de EsSalud y la base de datos de subsidios de la Gerencia de Recaudación y Seguros de EsSalud para el cálculo de AVP y para AVD la base de datos del Sistema de Vigilancia de VIH/SIDA del EsSalud, fuentes bibliográficas y el mapa de ponderados de discapacidad del estudio global de carga de enfermedad para Latinoamérica. Para el procesamiento de datos se usó DISMOD II y GesMor para el cálculo de AVISA. Resultados: En los años 2002 y 2003 se perdieron a causa del SIDA 4932 y 4747 AVISA en la población asegurada con una tasa de AVISA de 7,03 y 6,36 por 100 mil asegurados respectivamente. El mayor peso relativo de los AVISA estuvo dado por en componente de muerte prematura (88 por ciento); el sexo masculino aportó 70 por ciento y 60 por ciento de los AVISA estimados y la edad más afectada fue la de 15 a 44 años. Según la procedencia, en la macro región Lima-Oriente se pierde 70 por ciento de AVISA a nivel nacional. Conclusiones: Los AVISA estimados, muestran que el SIDA es altamente mortal en la población asegurada durante el periodo de estudio, dado el predominio del componente de AVP.


Objectives: To estimate the burden of disease by AIDS in the assure population in EsSalud in the years 2002 and 2003. Material and methods: Disease burden was measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs were computed by adding years of life lost (YLL) to years lived with disability (YLD) by AIDS. The sources used to the YLL estimate EsSalud Mortality Surveillance System and the base of dates of Survey of EsSalud insurance and collection management, to the, YLD estimate were used the base of dates of AIDS EsSalud Surveillance System, bibliographic source and the disability pondered map of global study of the burden of disease by Latin America. The data processing did in the first moment to exam the technical with informatics package DISMOD II and the AVISA estimated the Ges Mor software. Results : In 2002 and 2003 lost 4,932 and 4747 DALYs by AIDS in the assure population with AVISA rate of 7.03 and 6.36 by 10,000 assure people respectively. The mayor relative weigh of DALYs was by the life lost component more than disability, male sex gave the 70 per cent and 60 per cent of DALYs estimated and more affected age was from 15 to 44 years old. According the proceeding, the Lima-Oriente Macro Region was where lost 70 per cent of DALYs assure population national level. Conclusions: The application of the burden of disease method, permitted characterize to AIDS to integrated mortality, mobility and disability components. The DALYs estimated show the AIDS is highly mortal in the assure population and the affected group create an important economical shock by that is essential to establish strategies direct to prevention and intervention cost effective to this epidemic control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Middle Aged , Life Expectancy , Morbidity , Sickness Impact Profile , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic , Peru
8.
Lima; s.n; 2006. 43 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1050260

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Estimar la carga de morbilidad por SIDA en la población asegurada en los años 2002 y 2003. Métodos: La unidad de medida son los años de vida saludables perdidos (AVISA). Los AVISA son la resultante de sumar las pérdidas de salud por muerte prematura a causa del SIDA (AVP) y las pérdidas de salud por discapacidad por SIDA (AVD). Las fuentes de consultadas para el cálculo de AVP fueron el Sub Sistema de Vigilancia de Defunciones de EsSalud y la base de datos de subsidios de la Gerencia de Recaudación y Seguros de EsSalud, para el cálculo de AVD se ha utilizado la base de datos del Sistema de Vigilancia de VIH/SIDA del EsSalud, fuentes bibliográficas y el mapa de ponderados de discapacidad del estudio global de carga de enfermedad para Latinoamérica . El procesamiento de los datos se realizó en un primer momento para evaluar consistencia técnica con el paquete informático DISMOD II y para el cálculo de AVISA el software GesMor. Resultados: En los años 2002 y 2003 se estimo que se perdieron a causa del SIDA 4,932 y 4747 AVISA en la población asegurada con una tasa de AVISA de 7.03 y 6.36 por 100, 000 asegurados respectivamente. El mayor peso relativo de los AVISA estuvo dado por en componente de muerte prematura más que discapacidad ; el sexo masculino aporto porcentajes de 70% y 60% de los AVISA estimados y la edad más afectada fue la de 15 a 44 años. Según la procedencia la macro región Lima-Oriente es donde se pierden el 70% de AVISA a nivel nacional en la población asegurada. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la metodología de carga de enfermedad, permitió caracterizar al SIDA integrando los componentes de mortalidad, morbilidad y discapacidad, Los AVISA estimados muestran que el SIDA es altamente mortal en la población asegurada, y por el grupo afectado genera un impacto económico importante, por lo que es imprescindible implementar estrategias dirigidas a la prevención e intervenciones costo efectivas dirigidas al control de esta epidemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Morbidity , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Public Health , Insurance, Health
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