[Lipid content of the bile in diseases of the biliary tract in male and female Evenkis]. / Lipidnyi sostav zhelchi pri zabolevaniiakh zhelchevyvodiashchikh putei u evenov i evenkov.

A total of 156 Evens and 162 Evenks were examined in the reindeer-breeding regions of Evenkia and Yakutia in the Extreme North of the country. The Evens suffering from cholecystitis presented with higher saturation of the B and C duodenal bile with cholesterol than patients with dyskinesias. Such regularities were not observed in the Evenks. These findings permit a conclusion that the ethnic and geographic factors influence the lipid composition of the bile in indigenous population of the Extreme North in case of diseases of the biliferous ducts.

Biotransformation of sodium nitroprusside into dinitrosyl iron complexes in tissue of ascites tumors of mice.

We have found that treatment of various types of murine ascites tumors with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) both in vitro (1.5 mM) and in vivo (25 mg/kg; i.p.) results in formation of EPR-detectable dinitrosyl nonheme iron complexes (DNIC) with RS- groups of proteins (g perpendicular = 2,037; g parallel = 2,012). The DNIC were mainly localized in the ascitic extracellular fluid. The appearance of DNIC was unaffected by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (1 mM), but abolished with a SH-blockator, p-chloromercuribenzoate (0.1 mM). No DNIC formation was observed when ascitic fluid (after tumor cells separation) was incubated with SNP alone, but with SNP and L-cysteine (10 mM). Thus, ascites tumor cells contribute to the transformation of SNP into DNIC and thiols are essential in this process.

[Ecological influences on the health status of small-size populations of the North]. / Ekologicheskaia obuslovlennost' sostoianiia zdorov'ia malochislennykh narodnostei Severa.

The paper gives the results of examining the ecological impact on the health of the native populations of the North, shows the influence of drastic changes in the traditional lifestyle of the natives on the prevalence and specific features of the course of major diseases in the North. The ecological situation rapidly changing in the areas of large-scale economical development has influences on human regulatory systems in the North.

[Endoscopic and morphologic characteristics of the gastric mucosa in children of the Far North]. / Endoskopicheskaia i morfologicheskaia kharakteristika slizistoi obolochki zheludka u detei Krainego Severa.

The epidemiological studies in Evenkia and Yakutia have revealed children with gastroduodenal abnormalities. The endoscopic examination has shown that that there is a prevalence of superficial gastritis in Evenkia and hypertrophic gastritis in Yakutia, the histological studies have found no substantial differences. Gastroduodenal reflux was recorded in Evenk children more frequently, in 51.7% it was accompanied by lymphoid cell infiltration in the intrinsic mucosal plate.

[The epidemiology of the most prevalent kidney diseases in the nationalities of the North]. / Epidemiologiia naibolee rasprostranennykh zabolevanii pochek u nekotorykh narodnostei Severa.

Health examination of events in the Evenki Autonomic Region and events in Yakutia using multiprofile questionnaires revealed high incidence of renal diseases: chronic pyelonephritis, chronic cystitis, nephroptosis. The former occurs most frequently, runs in association with nephroptosis and chronic cystitis, affects females more frequently than males. Nephroptosis is attributed to a nomad's life which the natives lead. In spite of high urinary oxalates and urates levels, urolithiasis in the Northerners occurs relatively seldom.

[Biotransformation of sodium nitroprusside in tumor-bearing animals]. / Osobennosti biotransformatsii nitroprussida natriia v organizme zhivotnykh-opukholenositelei.

The interaction of sodium nitroprusside with tissues of solid tumour bearing animals (S-180; S-Worker; spontaneous adenomatosis) have been studied in vivo by means of EPR-method. The tumour subjected animals in distinction from healthy animals elicits appearance of paramagnetic nitrosyl iron complexes in blood plasma. Thus, the previously found phenomenon of specific reaction of nitroprusside with ascitic forms of tumours is confirmed on solid tumours in vivo.

[The composition of the red blood and iron metabolism in the native population of the Republic of Sakha]. / K voprosu o sostave krasnoi krovi i obmene zheleza u korennogo naseleniia Respubliki Sakha.

A field study in the Sakha Republic has been performed to characterize iron deficiency conditions in native population. Yakuts and Evens were examined for clinical, physiological, biochemical picture of the red blood cells and iron metabolism. European standards by total and fetal hemoglobin, reticulocytes, plasma iron metabolism in the native population were surpassed. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia proved higher than in Russia and other northern regions. Reindeer breeders got iron deficient less frequently than population of local settlements. A peculiar ecological situation, life style, traditions, nutrition habits are essential factors in hemopoietic system of the Sakha Yakuts and Evens.

Variability of kidney tubular interstitial distortions in glomerulonephritis as measured by 1H-NMR urinalysis.

1H-NMR urinalysis is used for reliable non-invasive diagnostics of tubular and papillary distortions in glomerulonephritis. The study of urine from 52 patients with various clinical forms of the disease shows that these dysfunctions can manifest and develop independently of the degree of glomerular lesions at any stage of the glomerulonephritis. Tubular and papillary changes can be negligible even in terminal uremia and drastic in cases of clinically preserved kidney function. In addition, the results indicate that not only tubular interstitial changes, but also isolated tubular or papillary distortions can develop at any stage of the disease. Thus 1H-NMR urinalysis is suitable for diagnosing latent tubular interstitial changes which are not readily detected by traditional techniques. This is important since early tubular intervention worsens the prognosis of the glomerulonephritis progression. Thus an approach enables identification of a group at risk of rapid deterioration of the disease among patients whose serum has normal creatinine levels. This additional information is valuable for the proper treatment of patients, and makes 1H-NMR urinalysis a prospective method for screening urine in glomerulonephritis. Further studies are required to decide whether the technique can be recommended for clinical practice.

[The morphofunctional properties of the blood cells and iron metabolism in the native inhabitants of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug]. / Morfofunktsional'nye svoistva kletok krovi i obmen zheleza u zhitelei Taimyrskogo avtonommogo okruga.

The peripheral blood was studied in Dolgans, Nganasans and Nenetses, the native population living in Taimyr peninsula. The composition of their blood is really different from the European norm. In Aboriginals of Taimyr the activity of erythropoietin in blood plasma, the concentration of reticulocytes, the circulation in peripheral bed of diskocytes with one and many diverticula, the content of fetal hemoglobin are raised more than two times. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among the native population of Taimyr Autonomous Area is larger, than in Russia and in Aboriginals living in Evenkia and Yakutia.

[The effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of biliary tract diseases in the Evens and Evenki]. / Vliianie sotsial'no-ékonomicheskogo ststusa na rasprostranennost' zabolevanii zhelchevyvodiashchikh putei u évenov i évenkov.

An epidemiological survey demonstrated that biliary disease detection in aborigines of the Far North is more frequent in subjects with nontraditional way of life. Chief biliary disease factors different in importance for Evens and Evenks are as follows: prior viral hepatitis, obesity, alcohol abuse. Incidence rate for different biliary diseases is not uniform in Far North native population. This may be explained by specificity of biliary functions.

[Gallbladder function and the bile lipid composition in Evens and Evenki]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie zhelchnogo puzyria i lipidnyi sostav zhelchi u évenov i évenkov.

Gallbladder function and lipid composition of bile were examined for the first time in the indigenous population of the extreme north of the USSR. Bile from Evens and Evenki was not found to be oversaturated with cholesterol, with motor function of the gallbladder being characterized by hypermotility. This is of interest, since there are data on the protein-lipid nature of nutrition in aborigines of the North.

1H NMR urinalysis in glomerulonephritis: a new prognostic criterion.

The applicability of 1H NMR urinalysis to glomerulonephritis was investigated: storage of urine at -18 degrees C and its subsequent lyophilization were shown to cause no loss of available biochemical information. Proteinuria was demonstrated not to interfere with the breadth and intensities of 1H NMR signals of low-molecular-weight metabolites in urine. The urine content of patients with glomerulonephritis was shown to be independent of exogenous factors, whereas these factors did affect the content of the urine of healthy volunteers. Statistical analysis of 1H NMR data for 52 patients with glomerulonephritis and 8 healthy volunteers on a pseudo-nephrological diet allowed the confirmation of the obligatory tubular interstitial changes that accompany the disease progression. It was established that severe tubular interstitial distortions can be revealed in patients with clinically preserved kidney function who display early stages of the glomerulonephritis, whereas these distortions can be practically negligible even at the terminal phase of uremia. Among patients with clinically preserved kidney function, especially those with nephrotic variant of the disease, isolated tubular and papilla distortions, as well as simultaneous tubular interstitial changes, were discovered, and this complicated the prognosis of glomerulonephritis progression. Thus, a new criterion to unmask a group at risk of rapid progression to uremia can be proposed, justifying an early prescription of immune suppressive drugs or other adequate treatment to these patients.

[Hepatocytes from the liver of mice with experimental post-toxic cirrhosis stimulate in heterokaryons DNA synthesis in the nuclei of resting fibroblasts of the NIH 373 line]. / Gepatotsity iz pecheni myshei s éksperimental'nym posttoksicheskim tsirrozom stimuliruiut v geterokarionakh sintez DNK v iadrakh pokoiashchikhsia fibroblastoov linii NIH 373.

Hepatocytes from mouse liver with experimental post-toxic cirrhosis (received by means of 10-12 inhalations with CCl4) were fused with serum-deprived (0.2%) resting NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts to elucidate mechanisms of liver stroma cells proliferation at cirrhosis. After fusion, nuclei of fibroblasts in such heterokaryons were found to enter into S-period without any exogenous stimulation of cell proliferation (in the medium with low content of serum). The obtained data allow us to suggest that hepatocytes from mouse liver with experimental post-toxic cirrhosis can produce and secrete into the medium (blood) factor (s) capable of stimulating the mesenchymal origin cell proliferation.

[Free radical oxidation and tubular dysfunctions in patients with chronic kidney failure]. / Sobodnoradikal'noe okislenie i kanal'tsevye disfunktsii u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Sixty patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied for the rates of lipid peroxidation (LPO), the state of the antioxidative system (AOS) as well as for the morphofunctional state of biomembranes in renal tubules measured by excretion of low-molecular compounds tested in urine x by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The control group numbered 35 patients with glomerulonephritis free of functional disturbances in the kidneys. The increased values of malonic dialdehyde levels in red blood cells and blood serum and those of diene conjugates in red blood cell membranes provide evidence for a significant increase of the LPO levels. Furthermore, depression of the AOS was revealed, manifested by the decreased levels of blood serum alpha-tocopherol as well as by unstable levels of superoxide dismutase in red blood cells. In the presence of the high LPO levels significant tubular dysfunctions were progressing, parallel with aggravation of renal function. Disturbances detected in excretion and reabsorption of amino acids (leucine, alanine, glycine, valine, histidine), thin organic acids and ketone bodies in CRF patients point to the existence of disturbances in tubular membranes. Tubular dysfunction appears to be caused by the disturbances of the biomembrane morphofunctional states induced by the high levels of free radical oxidation as well as by the AOS function failure.

[Status of the thrombocytic-vascular component of the hemostasis system in the population of the Far North]. / Sostoianie trombotsitarno-sosudistogo zvena sistemy gemostaza u zhitelei Krainego Severa.

As many as 141 residents of an urbanized region of the Far North (92 patients with coronary heart disease [CHD] and 49 normal persons) and 75 persons (57 natives and 18 newcomers) living in one of rural settlements in the Far North were examined for the thrombocytic-vascular component of the hemostasis system measured by the levels of stable metabolites of prostacyclins and thromboxane A2. Some characteristics of the coagulation component of the hemostasis system were also analyzed. All the persons examined were males aged 40-59 years. The prostacyclin/thromboxane ratio in the normal northerners did not differ from that in residents of Siberia. The patients with CHD living in the Far North for a long time demonstrated a greater shift of homeostatic balance toward increase of blood proneness to intravascular platelet aggregation, which strongly increases a risk of thrombotic complications. The natives living in the rural region of the Far North manifested a high prostacyclin generative activity and hypocoagulation changes in the plasma component of the hemostatic system.

[Possibilities of using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multicomponent analysis of the urine in glomerulonephritis]. / Vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniia spektroskopii iadernogo magnitnogo rezonansa na protonakh dlia mnogokomponentnogo analiza mochi pri glomerulonefrite.

Methodological approaches to investigation of low-molecular urine metabolites in health and glomerulonephritis (GN) by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) have been analysed. The ways to preserve and concentrate the urine samples by freezing and lyophilization for further storage and spectra quality improvement are substantiated. The method of the spectra treatment with calculation of relative levels of urine substances is detailed. The differences in the ratios of excreted low-molecular metabolites revealed in healthy subjects and GN patients in relation to the severity of chronic renal insufficiency confirm the feasibility of using the 1H NMR data of urine as diagnostic and predictive criteria in GN.