Side reaction caused by the perfluorocarbon emulsions in intravenous infusion to experimental animals.

The perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions are infusion gas-transporting media and are usually called the artificial blood. However anaphylactoid reaction were observed during intravenous infusion of PFC emulsions. The cause of side reactions is the activation of the complement system. An indirect sign of the intravascular activation of the complement is the neutropenic effect in the peripheric blood. Taking into consideration the phenomen, the method of evaluation of anaphylactoid reaction caused by PFC emulsions has been elaborated using the neutropenic index. We evaluated the biocompatibility of 26 PFC emulsions of different composition in intravenous infusion to rabbits using this index. Emulsions evoked reactions of different extent. Some emulsions did not cause the neutropenic effect at all. Results of this work allow to reach conclusion, that influence of PFC emulsions on the complement system is explained not only by emulsifying agent proxanol: the stability of emulsions in the vascular bed and in the period of storage in frozen state is of great importance as well.

Study of therapeutic efficiency of new blood substitutes in experimental hemorrhagic shock.

In experiments on dogs, which were anesthetized and underwent hemorragic shock, the hemodynamics, oxygen transport and acid-base status were studied. Cardiac function was studied using ultrasound equipment. It was established that administration of Volekam and Polyoxidin corrects hypovolemia with subsequent restoration of arterial pressure in the aorta and cardiac cavities and increase in the myocard contractility and cardiac output. Comparative analysis has shown that Polyoxidin exerts a more prolonged action than Volekam. In addition, Polyoxidin decreases the blood and plasma viscosity, lowers the blood cells aggregation which promotes the restoration of peripheral circulation. The efficiency of Volekam and Polyoxidin is not inferior to that of the well known blood substitute Polyglukin (dextran group) and, in respect of some parameters, is even superior to that of the latter.

[Effect of emulsions of carbon perfluoride compounds on the blood plasma complement system and functional state of the rabbit brain]. / Vliianie émul'sii perftoruglerodnykh soedinenii na sistemu komplementa plazmy krovi i funktsional'noe sostoianie mozga krolikov.

Experiments were conducted in vitro on rabbits to study the effect of emulsions based on composition of carbon perfluorides (decalin perfluoride/methyl cyclohexyl piperidine perfluoride) and proxanol (P-268) on the blood complement system. It is shown that despite preservation of the composition some emulsions activate complement others fail to do this. Intravenous infusion of complement-activating emulsion in a test-dose leads to early neutropenic reaction in the peripheral blood of rabbits and intensified power of low frequency rhythms in the electrocorticogram.

[Activation of the complement system of plasma and the changes in various parameters of homeostasis in rats after intravenous administration of emulsion of organoperfluorine compounds]. / Aktivatsiia sistemy komplementa plazmy krovi i izmenenie nokotorykh parametrov gomeostaza posle vnutrivennogo vvedeniia krysam émul'sii perftororganicheskikh soedinenii.

Anticomplementary activity of emulsion based on the organoperfluorine compounds (PFC) perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine (7:3) has been shown in vitro. A temporary reduction of the neutrophil number up to 25% of the initial level was recorded 5 min after intravenous plethoric administration of 1.0 ml of this emulsion to rats. A drop in the arterial pressure and blood minute volume was observed in half of the animals, 30 and 60 min later impairment of the body oxygen regimen resulting in tissue hypoxia was recorded in all the rats. It has been suggested that the disorders observed in the animals are caused by the action of varying mediators produced due to the intravascular activation of the complement by PFC.

[Endocrine and lymphoid interrelations in rats with hereditary arterial hypertension]. / Endokrinno-limfoidnye vzaimootnosheniia u krys s nasledstvenno obuslovlennoi arterial'noi gipertenziei.

Functional state of the adrenals and structural organization of the thymus and lymph nodes in the rats with hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension (HSIAH) have been investigated in the control and against the background of a prolonged staying under conditions of a moderate cold. In comparison with the initial population of Wistar rats, the test animals demonstrate an elevated level of corticosterone, decreased mass and size of the thymus, the size of the popliteal lymph nodes is increased at the expense of the structural components of the medulla. In 7 weeks of living in cold secretion of adrenal steroids in Wistar rats increases greatly and it is noticeably less in the HSIAH rats. Structural changes in the thymus are also insignificant, but reaction of the lymph nodes is important. Their size sharply diminishes at the expense of certain structural components of the medulla. A shift towards mature forms of the plasmocytic line cells takes place.

[Combined reaction of the lymphoid organs and the adrenals to stress in mature animals subjected to cold in the early period of postnatal ontogeny]. / Sochetannaia reaktsiia limfoidnykh organov i nadpochechnikov na stress u vzroslykh zhivotnykh, ispytavshikh vozdeistvie kholodom v rannem periode postnatal'nogo ontogeneza.

Structural-functional organization of the lymphoid organs and functional state of the adrenals have been studied in animals, subjected to cold in early postnatal period, as well as changes of the parameters mentioned to a short and prolonged cooling in mature rats. For the animals increase in the thymus mass and in reproduction rate of lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes is specific against the background of high corticosteroid secretion. When the control animals are kept in cold for a long time, after the phase of an acute stress, accompanied with hypercorticism and a pronounced lymphatic effect, during the period of an increased cold stability, the high secretion of glucocorticoid hormones is accompanied with a certain activation of thymus-dependent zones in the peripheral lymphoid organs. In the mature rats, subjected to cold at early ontogenesis both stress-reaction to cooling and rearrangement in the regulatory systems studied does not develop at adaptation to cold.

[Dynamics of indices of the rat endocrine and lymphatic systems during cold adaptation]. / Dinamika nekotorykh pokazatelei éndokrinnoi i limfaticheskoi sistem u krys pri kholodovoi adaptatsii.

A study was made of the content of corticosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood, of the thymic weight and cytomorphological characteristics of rat lymph nodes during prolonged cold (4-5 degrees C) adaptation. Interrelated alterations in the characteristics under study were revealed at different stages of adaptation. The morphofunctional recovery of the lymphoid tissue occurs in the phase of the increased specific stability in spite of the fact that the action of cold is continued and the blood corticosterone concentration is elevated. A new type of the endocrine-lymphoid relationships is supposed to be formed during lengthy adaptation, with this type being different from that both in the starting state and acute stress.