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1.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 208(3): 130-134, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63878

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivo. Conocer las variables que se asocian a la patología grave en los pacientes adultos con fiebre en Urgencias. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo observacional. Se recogieron datos de todos los pacientes adultos con fiebre (temperatura axilar superior a 37,7 °C) atendidos en el área médica del Servicio de Urgencias de nuestro hospital entre el 28 de enero al 30 de abril de 2006. Las variables recogidas se incluyeron en un análisis de regresión logística, siendo la variable dependiente principal «enfermedad grave». En función del riesgo correspondiente se asignó una puntuación a cada variable que permitiera diseñar una escala de riesgo de enfermedad grave. Resultados. Se atendieron 11.271 pacientes, de los cuales 786 tenían fiebre (7,0%). La edad media fue 39 años (37-40), 57% varones, 13% inmigrantes. Ingresaron un 31% y presentaron patología grave un 27%. En función de los datos clínicos se sospechó focalidad respiratoria alta en 309 (39%) y baja en 130 (17%), foco abdominal en 117 (15%), foco urinario en 40 (5%) y sin foco aparente en 145 (18%). Se asociaron a patología grave comorbilidad (odds ratio [OR] 3,6; intervalo de confianza [IC]95% 1,8-7,2) (4 puntos), proteína C reactiva (PCR) superior a 10 mg/dl (OR 1,8; IC95% 1,1-3,7) (2 puntos), edad (OR 1,02; IC95% 1,01-1,04) (edad superior a 60 años 3 puntos) y fue factor protector la fiebre de probable origen respiratorio alto (OR 0,4; IC95% 0,2-0,9) (fiebre de otro foco 3 puntos). Tenían patología grave el 3% de los pacientes con menos de 3 puntos y el 72% de los que tenían más de 7 puntos. Conclusiones. En los adultos con fiebre en Urgencias la presencia de comorbilidad, un nivel de PCR superior a 10mg/dl, la focalidad diferente a una infección de las vías respiratorias altas y la edad se asociaron a una patología grave (AU)


Background. To identify variables associated to severe disease in adult patients with fever in the Emergency Department. Material and methods. Observational, perspective study. Data from all the adult patients with fever (axillary temperature 37.8 °C or higher) seen in the medical area of the Emergency Department was collected from January 28th to April 30th of 2006 and included in a logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable being «severe disease». Based on the corresponding risk, a score was assigned to each variable to design a risk of severe disease model. Results. A total of 11271 patients were seen, 786 (7.0%) of whom had fever. Median age was 39 years (37-40), 57% male. Of these, 31% were admitted and 27% had severe disease. Based on the symptoms and signs, upper airways infection was suspected in 309 (39%) and lower airways infection in 130 (17%), abdominal infection in 117 (15%), urinary tract infection in 40 (5%) and no source of infection in 145 (18%). Comorbidity (OR 3.6, 95% CI -1.8-7.2) (4 points), C-reactive protein higher than 10 mg/dl (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.7) (2 points) and age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) (age older than 60 years 3 points) were associated with severe disease. Fever having a probable upper respiratory origin was a protector factor (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) (fever from other foci 3 points). Three percent of the patients with less than 3 points had severe disease versus 72% with more than 7 points. Conclusions. Comorbidity, C-reactive protein higher than 10 mg/dl, age and suspicion of source of infection different of upper airways infection were associated to severe disease in adults with fever in the Emergency Department (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Acute Disease/epidemiology , Fever/etiology , Morbidity , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Age Factors
2.
Rev Clin Esp ; 205(7): 322-5, 2005 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16029758

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure shows high incidence and prevalence in our population. Objectives of our study are to describe the profile of patients cared in the Internal Medicine Department of our hospital, in order to analyze the therapeutic characteristics and to know the degree of utilization of different pharmacological groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with collection of data from clinical records of patients admitted to 2002 with the diagnosis of heart failure in Internal Medicine Department of San Carlos Hospital in Madrid. Total patients with heart failure was 1,338. Calculating the sample size with a precision of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%, the number of randomly selected clinical records was 130. Data were obtained with a questionnaire for analysis of different clinical and therapeutic parameters. RESULTS: The average age was 80.3 (SD: 9.64) years, and most patients were women. Most frequent associated pathology was hypertension, and in 70.2% patients a diagnosis of some disease was established. Diuretics were the drugs most utilized and its prescription increased at discharge (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the higher the functional class the more diuretics were prescribed. Beta-blockers were prescribed in 7.1% patients, more frequently in patients with an ejection fraction higher than 35% (p = 0.042). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients with heart failure in our environment have advanced age, shows important comorbidities, and suffer an advanced functional class heart failure, being the diuretics their essential treatment. We observed that there is no uniformity concerning the treatment with regard to the last recommendations, and that there is a limited utilization of drugs as beta-blockers that have demonstrated increase the survival of patients with heart failure.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Health Services/standards , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Heart Failure/rehabilitation , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prevalence , Spain
3.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 205(7): 322-325, jul. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-039795

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La insuficiencia cardíaca tiene una elevada incidencia y prevalencia en nuestra población. Los objetivos marcados en nuestro estudio son describir el perfil del paciente que ingresa en los servicios de Medicina Interna de nuestro hospital con objeto de analizar los aspectos terapéuticos y conocer el grado de utilización de los distintos grupos farmacológicos. Material y métodos. Se realiza un estudio transversal recogiendo datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados en el año 2002 en los sevicios de Medicina Interna del Hospital Clínico San Carlos de Madrid con el diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca. El total de pacientes con dichas características es de 1.338. Calculando el tamaño muestral con una precisión del 5% y un intervalo de confianza del 95%, el número de historias analizadas es de 130 escogidas de un modo aleatorio. Los datos se recogen mediante un cuestionario que analiza diferentes variables clínicas y terapéuticas. Resultados. La media de edad es de 80,3 (desviación estándar: 9,64) años, siendo en su mayoría mujeres. La patología asociada más frecuente es la hipertensión arterial, existiendo en un 70,2% de los pacientes alguna enfermedad. Los diuréticos son los fármacos más utlizados y su prescripción aumenta al alta (p < 0,0001). Además se prescriben más cuanto peor es la clase funcional. Los bloqueadores beta se prescriben en el 7,1% de los pacientes, más en pacientes con fracciones de eyección superiores al 35% (p = 0,042). Discusión y conclusiones. En nuestro medio los pacientes con IC tienen una edad avanzada, presentan una importante comorbilidad y una clase funcional avanzada, siendo los diuréticos su tratamiento de base. Observamos que no existe homogeneización en cuanto al tratamiento con respecto a las últimas recomendaciones y que hay una escasa utilización de los fármacos que, como los bloqueadores beta, han demostrado un aumento de la supervivencia en la insuficiencia cardíaca


Introduction. Heart failure shows high incidence and prevalence in our population. Objectives of our study are to describe the profile of patients cared in the Internal Medicine Department of our hospital, in order to analyze the therapeutic characteristics and to know the degree of utilization of different pharmacological groups. Patients and methods. A cross-sectional study with collection of data from clinical records of patients admitted to 2002 with the diagnosis of heart failure in Internal Medicine Department of San Carlos Hospital in Madrid. Total patients with heart failure was 1,338. Calculating the sample size with a precision of 5% and a confidence interval of 95%, the number of randomly selected clinical records was 130. Data were obtained with a questionnaire for analysis of different clinical and therapeutic parameters. Results. The average age was 80.3 (SD: 9.64) years, and most patients were women. Most frequent associated pathology was hypertension, and in 70.2% patients a diagnosis of some disease was established. Diuretics were the drugs most utilized and its prescription increased at discharge (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the higher the functional class the more diuretics were prescribed. Beta-blockers were prescribed in 7.1% patients, more frequently in patients with an ejection fraction higher than 35% (p = 0.042). Discussion and conclusions. Patients with heart failure in our environment have advanced age, shows important comorbidities, and suffer an advanced functional class heart failure, being the diuretics their essential treatment. We observed that there is no uniformity concerning the treatment with regard to the last recommendations, and that there is a limited utilization of drugs as beta-blockers that have demonstrated increase the survival of patients with heart failure


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Health Services/standards , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Heart Failure/rehabilitation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitalization , Incidence , Prevalence , Spain
7.
An Med Interna ; 20(8): 396-8, 2003 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14516258

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The ingestion of alcohol produces oxydative stress generating free radicals of oxygen and ethanol. These free radicals have a molecular reactive ability and, therefore, they play an important role in the production of the injury which appears in the liver and in other organs and tissues. We have done an "in vitro" study where we analyse the oxydative status at rest and the respiratory explosion produced by ethanol at final concentrations of 50 and 25 mM and by the phagocytosis of a previously opsonized concentrate of bacteria (E.coli) in human leucocytes taken from peripheral blood of six healthy persons. METHOD: We have used 1.2.3. dihydrorhodamine (non-fluorescent) as the oxydative marker because it is transformed in rhodamine (fluorescent), which is quantitatively studied by Flow Cytometry. RESULTS: The peak of oxydative stress is reached with the bacteria in the phagocytes (monocytes 50% and granulocytes 90%) and it has a significant difference with the control group. By adding ethanol at 50 mM we have seen an statistic significant difference in oxydative stress in the cells of all three types (lymphocytes 9.19%, monocytes 32% and granulocytes 36%). With a concentration of 25 mM of ethanol the oxydative stress is increased but without a significant difference (lymphocytes 2.39%, monocytes 9.22% and granulocytes 4.46%). We have also seen toxic cellular effect which reaches the 40.75% of cells with ethanol at 50 mM, the 10.7% with ethanol at 25 mM and the 5.65% with bacteria. CONCLUSION: The oxydative stress caused by the production of oxygen and ethanol free radicals in the leucocytes, and the proved cytotoxic effect of ethanol may play an important role over the qualitative and the quantitative leucocyte disorder on different organs and tissues of the alcoholic patient.


Subject(s)
Ethanol/toxicity , Free Radicals/blood , Leukocytes/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Flow Cytometry , Humans
8.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 20(8): 396-398, ago. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-23855

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La ingesta de alcohol desencadena stress oxidativo generador de radicales libres de oxígeno y de etanol que, por su capacidad reactiva molecular, juegan un importante papel en la producción de las lesiones que aparecen en el hígado y en otros órganos y tejidos. Hemos realizado un estudio "in vitro" analizando el estado oxidativo en reposo y la explosión respiratoria desencadenada por Etanol, a concentraciones finales de 50 y 25 mM y por la fagocitosis de un concentrado de bacterias (E.coli) previamente opsonizadas, en los leucocitos humanos de sangre periférica de seis donantes sanos. Método: Como marcador oxidativo hemos utilizado la 1.2.3. dihidrorodamina,(no fluorescente) cuya oxidación la transforma en rodamina que es fluorescente y se examina cuantitativamente por Citometría de flujo. Resultados: El stress oxidativo máximo se alcanza con las bacterias en las células fagocíticas (monocitos 50 por ciento y granulocitos 90 por ciento) con diferencia significativa con respecto al grupo control. Con Etanol 50 mM se comprueba stress oxidativo con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los tres tipos de células (linfocitos 9,19 por ciento, monocitos 32 por ciento y granulocitos 36 por ciento). A concentración 25 mM, aunque aumenta el estado oxidativo, no alcanza diferencia significativa (linfocitos 2,39 por ciento, monocitos 9,22 por ciento y granulocitos 4,46 por ciento). También hemos comprobado toxicidad celular que alcanza el 40,75 por ciento de las células con Etanol 50 mM, el 10,7 por ciento con Etanol 25 mM y el 5,65 por ciento con bacterias. Conclusión: El stress oxidativo con producción de radicales libres de oxígeno y de etanol en los leucocitos y la citotoxicidad comprobada, pueden jugar un papel importante en el trastorno cualitativo y cuantitativo de estas células en los enfermos alcohólicos y en las lesiones producidas por este tóxico en otros órganos y tejidos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxidative Stress , Ethanol , Leukocytes , Flow Cytometry , Free Radicals
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