Predictors of perceived poor social support status of pregnant women attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in south west Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: To improve pregnancy outcomes, a pregnant mother living with HIV/AIDS requires a high level of social and emotional support. However, women from low-income countries were subjected to low social support status despite adequate counseling and health messages to increase their social support. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the predictors of the perceived poor social support status among pregnant women attending ART clinics in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was conducted to enroll 265 pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from December 1 to 30, 2021. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Epidata was used for data entry and analyzed after it was exported to a statistical package for the social sciences. Binary logistic regression was used and the level of significance was declared at P-value <0.05 using Adjusted odds ratio at 95% CI after candidate variables were identified in binary logistic regression at a P-value of <0.25. Results: Finding from the study figured out that low level of poor social support is found to be 47.2%. Study revealed that income level[AOR = 5.1 95% CI [1.9,13.6]], disclosure status[AOR: 1.9 95% CI [1.1,3.3]], unwanted pregnancy [AOR = 2.3 CI; [ 1.4,3.9]], and low adherence level[AOR: 2.1 95% CI [1.1,3.1]] were strong predictors. Conclusion: This study identified high levels of poor social support. Increasing access to information education and communications focusing on stigma, disclosure & refresher training that boosts the counseling skills of health care providers to enhance adherence level is strongly recommended.

Nursing students' attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual healthcare in Ethiopia: An online cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Unresolved sexual issues can have an impact on a person's wellbeing, social interactions, or even medication compliance. Given the enormous global demand to enhance and preserve sexual health, faculty members have a specific goal of developing nursing workforce who are truly prepared to work with clients who have sexual health issues. Hence, the study's purpose has been to evaluate the current state of attitude and belief of nursing students toward sexual healthcare and the factors that influence it in Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in Mizan-Tepi University involving 134 undergraduate nursing students from February 1 to March 10, 2022. The Sexual Attitude and Beliefs Scale (SABS) were used to assess the level of attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual care. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 26 was employed for data analysis. Multivariable linear regression analyses was conducted to identify predictors of attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual healthcare. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the nursing students participating in this study was 28.47±5.2. In our study, mean SABS score of the nursing students was found as 42.3 ± 2.1. The mean score of the SABS items ranged from 1.68±0.93 to 4.37±1.48. Having receiving sexual health education (p<0.001) was significantly associated with attitude and beliefs regarding sexual healthcare. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopian nursing students have been found to have a negative attitude and beliefs about sexual health care. Because comprehensive sex education is sorely lacking in nursing schools, this scrutiny prevents student nurses from receiving an adequate education. As there is a lack of appropriate sexual health subject matter, it is critical to standardize sexual health education in nursing programs so that nursing students can learn to provide comprehensive care to clients.

Nurse's spiritual care perception in Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Spirituality and spiritual care are the critical components of patient care. In recent years, spirituality has been indicated as a crucial but often overlooked component of patient health. Despite their benefits, several factors prevent nurses from providing spiritual care. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the current state of spiritual care perception of nurses in Southwest Ethiopia as well as the factors influencing it. Methods: From 1 August to 2 September 2021, an institution-based cross-sectional study was performed on nurses at five government hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS). The collected data were recorded into EpiData 4.1 and SPSS version 25. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with spiritual care perception. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 390 nurses were enrolled in the study, yielding a response rate of 96.8%. The mean score for nurses' perception of spiritual care for patients was moderate, that is, 3.11 ± 0.78. Age (p < 0.05), clinical experience (p < 0.05), educational status (p < 0.05), and religion (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with spiritual care perceptions. Conclusion: Nurses' perception of spiritual care was moderate. It is affected by nurses' age, clinical experience, educational level, and religion. This expanding body of data should be used to notify nurse managers and nursing management personnel to provide spiritual care training, planning, and services.

Umbilical Cord Care Practices and Associated Factor Among Mothers of Neonates Visiting Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital Southwest Ethiopia 2021.

Background: Due to unsanitary cord care practices, cord infections are more common and prevalent in developing countries. In settings where mortality is low, dry and clean cord care is recommended for newborns delivered in health facilities or at home. Cord care practices would directly contribute to infection in newborns, accounting for a large proportion of millions of annual neonatal deaths. This study aimed to assess the cord care practices of mothers and to identify areas for intervention. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers of neonates who gave birth in the last six months. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to include women who visited pediatric OPD and immunization clinics. Epi data version 3.1 was used to enter the data and then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The association between the outcome and independent variables was examined using binary logistic regression. The strength of the association was measured using odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-value. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05. Results: Four hundred twenty-two mothers were participated in the study. More than half (59.2%) of the respondents had good cord care practices, while nearly half (45.3%) mothers added nothing to the cord. Factors significantly associated with good cord care practices were educational status (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI = 1.34, 7.59), ANC follow-up (AOR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.24, 10.32), initiation of breastfeeding (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.77), and apply anything to the cord (AOR = 3.08; 95% CI = 1.92, 4.95). Conclusion: The proportion of mothers with good cord care practices was inadequate. For such a high cause of neonatal death, prevention should be the priority intervention, and improving its implementation requires further effort.

Nurses Cultural Competence in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Diversity is a challenge and an opportunity, resulting in a change toward providing services suited to clients' cultural needs and desires. Nurses working with culturally diverse populations face unique challenges because of the coexistence of diverse cultural and ethnic societies. Hence, the study's purpose has been to evaluate the current state of cultural competence and the factors that influence it among nurses in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: From December 1 to December 30, 2021, nurses at eight public healthcare facilities in southwest Ethiopia were enrolled in a facility-based cross-sectional study. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi data 4.1 was used to enter the data, and SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with cultural competence, bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Two hundred thirty-seven nurses took part in the study, yielding an 86.1% response rate. The mean age was 28.83 years (standard deviation = ±5.48). The mean cultural competence score among healthcare professionals was 1.95 ± 0.32. Marital status (p < 0.05) and the use of healthcare interpreters (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with cultural competence. Conclusion: Nurses had a low level of cultural competence. Cultural competence varies according to a number of factors, including marital status and the use of healthcare interpreters. Nurses are better suited to focus on the ethnic diversity of their patients, which necessitates the provision of cultural competence training for nurses.

Nurse's spiritual care competence in Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Many health care professionals emphasize that spirituality is an important factor in overall health. Although spiritual practices are vital to health, spirituality has received little emphasis in nursing. Hence, the study's purpose has been to evaluate the current state of spiritual care competence and the factors that influence it among nurses in Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: From July 1 to 20, 2021, nurses at five hospitals in southwest Ethiopia were enrolled in a facility-based cross-sectional study. The study subjects were chosen using a systematic random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was undertaken to gather the data. Epi Data 3.1 was used to code the dataset, and SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. To identify factors associated with spiritual care competence, researchers performed bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-seven nurses attended in the study, giving a 91.06, percent rate of response. The mean spiritual care competence score among healthcare professionals was 3.14±0.74. Age (p<0.05), and training in spiritual care (p<0.05) were significantly associated with spiritual care competence. CONCLUSIONS: Spiritual care competence was moderate among the nurses. Spiritual care competence varies in accordance with a number of factors, including age, and training in spiritual care. Nurses are better suited to focus on the spiritual health of clients, which necessitates the provision of spiritual care competence training for nurses.

Determinants of diabetic retinopathy in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy is the most frequent complication of Diabetes Mellitus and remains the leading cause of preventable blindness. However, there are limited studies on the determinants of diabetic retinopathy in the study area as well in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the determinants of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Tikur Anbessa Hospital. METHODS: An institution-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Hospital from May 11 to June 26, 2020. Diabetic patients who developed retinopathy within 2 years were cases in the study. Patients who were free of retinopathy were controls in this study. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire, Topcon retinal examination, and a record review. The collected data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 software, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the determinants of diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: A total of 282 patients (142 cases and 140 controls) were included in the study. The mean age (± Standard deviation) for the cases and the controls were 50.6 (SD: ± 18.7) and 44.9 (SD: ± 17.65) respectively. Patients who had a glucometer at home (AOR = 0.048; 95% CI: 0.005-0.492), exercise adherence (AOR = 0.075; 95% CI: 0.007-0.84), diabetes duration < 5 years (AOR = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.00-0.10) and 5-10 years (AOR = 0.041; 95% CI: 0.003-0.57), health information on diabetic complications (AOR = 0.002; 95% CI: 0.00-0.042) and appointments every month (AOR = 0.004; 95% CI: 0.00-0.073) and every 3 months (AOR = 0.022; 95% CI: 0.002-0.23) were less likely to develop diabetic retinopathy. Participants who had poor glycemic control (AOR = 19.9; 95% CI: 2.34-168.69), systolic hypertension (AOR = 23.4; 95% CI: 2.56-215.36) and nephropathy (AOR = 17.85; 95% CI: 2.01-158.1), had a higher risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had a glucometer at home, exercise adherence, diabetes duration < 10 years, health information on diabetic complications, and frequent follow-up had a preventive role. However, poor glycemic control, systolic hypertension, and nephropathy increase the risk of diabetic retinopathy. A concerted effort should be made to improve the health status of patients with Diabetes Mellitus, with particular emphasis on lifestyle modification practices to prevent diabetic retinopathy.

Assessment of Anti-TB Drug Nonadherence and Associated Factors among TB Patients Attending TB Clinics in Arba Minch Governmental Health Institutions, Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nonadherence to anti-TB treatment may result in the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB, prolonged infectiousness, and poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Ethiopia is one of the seven countries that reported lower rates of treatment success (84%). This study assessed anti-TB drug nonadherence and associated factors among TB patients in Arba Minch governmental health institutions. METHODS: An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 15 to May 30, 2017. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and was entered, cleaned, and analyzed in SPSS version 20. RESULTS: The study included 271 TB patients with a response rate of 96.4%; 58.3% were males and 64.9% were Gamo by ethnicity. The overall nonadherence was 67 (24.7%) (CI = 20.0-30.4). Nonadherence was high if the patients experienced side effects (AOR = 13.332; 95% CI = 2.282-77.905), were far from the health facility (AOR = 21.830; 95% CI = 0.054-77.500), and experienced prolonged waiting time to get medical services (AOR = 14.260; 95% CI = 2.135-95.241). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of TB patients that did not adhere to anti-TB drugs was high in Arba Minch governmental health institutions.