ABSTRACT
Renal tubular acidosis (RTAs) are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by metabolic acidosis with normal plasma anion gap. There are three main forms of RTA: a proximal RTA called type II and a distal RTA (type I and IV). The RTA type II is a consequence of the inability of the proximal tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate. The distal RTA is associated with the inability to excrete the daily acid load and may be associated with hyperkalaemia (type IV) or hypokalemia (type I). The most common etiology of RTA type IV is the hypoaldosteronism. The RTAs can be complicated by nephrocalcinosis and obstructive nephrolithiasis. Alkalinization is the cornerstone of treatment.
Subject(s)
Acidosis, Renal Tubular , Acidosis/complications , Acidosis/diagnosis , Acidosis/therapy , Acidosis, Renal Tubular/diagnosis , Acidosis, Renal Tubular/etiology , Acidosis, Renal Tubular/therapy , Adult , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hypokalemia/complications , Hypokalemia/diagnosis , Hypokalemia/therapy , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Edema/complications , Heavy Chain Disease/diagnosis , Paraproteinemias/complications , Renal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Edema/diagnosis , Heavy Chain Disease/complications , Humans , Lower Extremity , Male , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Paraproteinemias/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency/complicationsABSTRACT
Thanks to new surgical techniques and the use of calcineurin inhibitors for the prevention of allograft rejection, the long-term outcome of liver transplantation has recently improved. In case of liver transplantation, the occurrence of renal failure can impair the outcome. Renal function preservation is, therefore, necessary to improve transplantation outcome.
