[Granulomatous orchitis (author's transl)]. / Ein Beitrag zur Orchitis granulomatosa.

A rare disease of orchitis granulomatosa is presented. The patient was 38 years of age, which is below the average age. The classification into an acute or chronic and the clinical features for an acute course. The differential diagnosis of tumour of the testis or tuberculosis must be considered. Orchiectomy is the therapy of choice. The etiology is not clear. Urinary tract infections, caused by bacteria or fungis, and immunological causes are discussed.

[The vesico-ureteric-renal reflux in adults (author's transl)]. / Der vesiko-uretero-renale Reflux im Erwachsenenalter.

This is a report about 59 adults (6 men and 53 women) from 15-45 years of age with 79 refluxing ureters and renal units. In 76% an antireflux procedure could be performed to preserve the kidney. 65% of the refluxing ureters were operated on according to the technique of Politano-Leadbetter and 35% according to the technique of Lich/Grégoir. After the operations of Politano/Leadbetter recurrences occurred in 4,6% and complications in 5,1%. The technique of Lich-Grégoir showed more unfavourable results: recurrences in 14% and complications in 9,5%. Therefore the procedure of Lich-Grégoir is not to be recommended in adults. It should however be reserved for the refluxes in children because of the favourable results.

[Meatus stenosis of girls--clinical demonstration and therapy (author's transl)]. / Die Meatusstenose des Mädchens--Klinik und Therapie.

This report concerns meatotomies performed on 50 girls, aged 2--13 years, suffering from meatus stenosis. The symptomatic and diagnostic procedures are described. Miction difficulties, pollakiuria, and imperative micturition connected with chronic-recurrent cystides are emphasized. Calibration of the urethra is the decisive diagnostic procedure. The miction cystourethogram, however, provides only a hint as to the presence of a meatus stenosis with the pathological description of the urethra in the form of a prestenotic dilation and of an 'onion' or 'wineglass' shaped configuration. The therapeutic results are considered very good, because 48 of the 50 girls had neither subjective complaints nor urinary infections 1--2 years after the meatotomy. This represents a recovery rate of 96%.

[Experiences with temporary intravesical electro-stimulation of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida children (author's transl)]. / Erfahrungen mit der temporären, intravesikalen Elektrostimulation bei neurogener Blasenentleerungsstörung von Spina-bifida-Kindern.

This is a report of a special method of a temporary intravesical electrostimulation of the bladder for the treatment of urinary incontinence of spina bifida children. The technique with presentation of apparatus and catheter is described in details. The criterias for the selection of the patients are explained, the most important of which is the response of the detrusor muscle during the stimulation recorded by uromanometry. 28 spina bifida-children were treated. There is success in 70% of the patients, if the criteria are fulfilled.

[Agenesis and dysgenesis of the os sacrum and the os coccygis: a contribution (author's transl)]. / Ein Beitrag zur Agenesie bzw. Dysgenesie des Os sacrum und Os coccygis.

Agenesis and/or dysgenesis of the os sacrum and os coccygis is reported in seven children (4 boys and 3 girls between the ages of 2 and 15). Two of the children had diabetic mothers. The cause may be hereditary or even exogenous (vitamin A deficiency, O (2) deficiency, maternal toxoplasmosis, maternal diabetes). Our cases were compared with 160 cases presented in the literature. The symptomatic therapy, which must be determined on the basis of neurologic, muscular, and urologic findings, is discussed.

Operative treatment of vesicoureteric reflux in duplicated ureters.

Over a 10-year period 321 children underwent 490 antireflux operations. 21 duplicated vesicoureteric reflux was observed in 18 patients. The follow-up and the comparison with other authors results in 334 patients indicate that the submucosal inlay of the duplicated ureters is a particularly suitable operation. The Politano-Leadbetter and the Lich-Grégoir techniques yield good results.

Experiences and critical comments on the temporary intravesical electrostimulation of the neurogenic bladder in spina bifida children.

This is a report of a special method of a temporary intravesical electrostimulation of the bladder for the treatment of the urinary incontinence of spina bifida children. The technique with presentation of apparatus and catheter is described in detail. The criterias for the selection of the patients are explained, the most important of which is the response of the detrusor muscle during the stimulation recorded by uromanometry. 26 spina bifida children were treated. There is at least a success in 50% of the patients, if the criteria are fulfilled.

[Stenosis of the ureter opening in children. Etiology, clinical considerations, therapy (author's transl)]. / Ureterabgangsstenosen im Kindesalter--Atiologie, Klinik und Therapie.

In an analysis of 75 children with stenosis of the ureter opening, our results are compared to those in the literature (see in particular Tables 1 and 2). Abdominal pain stands out as the major symptom in more than half of the children. In our cases, intramural disturbances predominate in ca, 2/3 of cases, in the literature in about half of cases. The occurrence of extramural disturbances (accessory vessels, adhesions, higher opening of the ureter) occurs with equal frequency. The determining diagnostic procedure for stenosis of the ureter opening is an excretion urogram. Indications for a retrograde pyelogram and the performance of a micturation cystoureterogram are discussed. The operation of choice for stenosis of the ureter opening is the plastic operation of the renal pelvis of Anderson-Hynes, which has a success rate of at least 80%. Amoung our group of patients, primary nephrectomies were only seldom necessary.

[The spina bifida child with special reference to urologic disease]. / Das Spina bifida-Kind unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der urologischen Krankheitsbilder

From the view of the urological diseases a new conception of the spina bifida cystica is represented. The first part contains informations on etiology, pathological anatomy and physio-pathology. Considering the urological diseases (neurogenic bladder with incontinence and residual urine, vesico ureteric reflux and chronic pyelonephritis) special importance is attached to the pathogenesis. Within the therapeutic methods the treatment with the alpha-blocking agent Phenoxybenzamin (Dibenzyran, Röhm Pharma GmbH, Darmstadt) is emphasized as the actual therapy of the neurogenic bladder. The operative indication of the Ileum-Conduit (Bricker-) is mentioned. An analysis of 125 spina bifida-patients with the pathological findings in the kidneys and the urinary tract is given.

Types of neurogenic bladder in children with spina bifida, and response to treatment with phenoxybenzamine.

Seventeen children with spina bifida and neurogenic bladder were treated with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-blocking agent, and in 15 cases the treatment was successful. It is suggested that in certain types of neurogenic bladder the need for urinary diversion can be avoided by treatment with phenoxybenzamine; only if this treatment fails does urinary diversion become necessary.