[Chemoprophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum through vertical infection. Evaluation of Crede's method using norfloxacin and gentamicin].

Crede's method was evaluated using norfloxacin (NFLX) and gentamicin (GM) to show the clinical significance of chemoprophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum occurring through vertical infections. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. NFLX and GM were separately instilled using Crede's original method in 171 cases selected from all cases of delivery encountered in this hospital during a period of 5 months in 1991. The two groups had similar backgrounds. 2. NFLX and GM were effective in 70 of 71 cases and in 96 of 100 cases, respectively. No side effects were found in either groups. 3. From 4 of 5 ineffective cases were isolated staphylococci, which were sensitive to NFLX and GM.

[Chemoprophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum through vertical infection. Evaluation of Crede's method using ofloxacin and gentamicin].

Crede's method was evaluated using of ofloxacin (OFLX) and gentamicin (GM) to show the clinical significance of chemoprophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum occurring through vertical infection. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. OFLX and GM were separately instilled using Crede's original method to 260 cases selected from all the cases of delivery encountered in this hospital during a period of 6 months from 1987 to 1988. Both groups had similar backgrounds. 2. OFLX and GM were effective in 123 of 129 cases and in 116 of 131 cases, respectively. No side effects were found. 3. OFLX to which recent isolates of Staphylococci and Escherichia coli from obstetric clinics were sensitive was more effective for the prevention than GM to which many isolates were tolerant. These findings indirectly proved the clinical significance of Crede's method. 4. Cases showing ineffectiveness of the prophylaxis may have been due to nosocomial infections.

[Second report of ofloxacin: clinical study].

We previously reported a study on the antimicrobial action of a chemically synthesized drug, ofloxacin (OFLX) and on its transfer in. This paper describes the results of our clinical study on OFLX. 1. Only small fractions of intra-blood OFLX were transported into female organs such as uterus, ovary and fallopian tube. Our study with the normal delivery method shows that umbilical cord blood concentrations of OFLX is a third to a sixth of maternal blood concentrations and is achieved through trans-placental transfer. Its transfer into amniotic fluid, however, is very low. 2. Forty-one cases, including cases of female intrapelvic inflammation, urinary tract infection, puerperal mastitis, etc., were administered with OFLX at levels of 200 approximately 400 mg/day for 3 approximately 10 days. OFLX were found to be effective in 35 cases. 3. We observed 113 cases to which OFLX was administered, and found only 4 cases of gastrointestinal disturbance and 1 case of suspicion of drug eruption as side effects. Laboratory tests showed no abnormalities due to OFLX in blood, serum biochemical or urine value in the cases examined (26 to 51 cases depending on test).

[Per rectal administration of antibiotics. Clinical use of ampicillin in respiratory tract infection in children].

As one of our clinical studies on per rectal administration of antibiotics, children who suffered respiratory tract infection (RTI) were administered with ampicillin (ABPC) through this route. Our conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: 1. One hundred and eighty strains of aerobic bacteria which were isolated by us in 1984-1985 were tested for the sensitivity to ABPC using plate-disk method. MIC's of ABPC for all the strains of Streptococcus pyogenes were lower than 0.024 micrograms/ml. MIC's for all the strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus were 0.05-0.20 microgram/ml. MIC's for 88% of the strains tested of Haemophilus influenzae were 0.10-0.78 microgram/ml. 2. Bacterial flora in the respiratory tract of 97 cases of children, who suffered RTI, were cultured. Almost half of them were Gram-positive cocci, the rest belonged to Gram-negative groups. This indicates that broad-spectrum antibiotics should be chosen first even before the diagnosis of causative organisms is established. 3. Soon after a per rectal administration of ABPC to children, high blood concentrations of the drug were observed by paper-disk method. 4. Eleven cases, which included 2 cases of pneumonia, of 15 children who suffered RTI and were given this antibiotic were greatly improved within 3-10 days. No serious side effects were observed. 5. Our brief study reported here indicates that ABPC administration by rectal route is safe and useful for the clinical treatment of RTI of children.

[Pharmacokinetic studies of cefbuperazone in the field of gynecology].

Cefbuperazone (CBPZ), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for the distribution in the genital organs and the excretion to the pelvic dead space exudate by bioassay, and the following results were obtained. CBPZ was rapidly distributed into the various tissues by intravenous drip infusion of 0.5 g and 1.0 g for 1 hour. Those levels depended on serum levels and the ratios (tissue level/serum level) were about 15-25%. Obvious dose response between 0.5 g and 1.0 g of CBPZ was recognized for serum levels as well as tissue levels. Serum and tissue levels were respectively analyzed by two- and three-compartment open model. Consequently, the obtained simulation curve approximated to the observed results. The simulation curve and pharmacokinetic parameters by one-compartment open model were appropriate for CBPZ levels in the pelvic dead space exudate.

[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime].

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) was evaluated for its pharmacokinetics and clinical effects in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. The following results were obtained: Transfer of CAZ into various parts in the uterus and the uterine adnexa was found to be satisfactory, and relatively high concentration of the drug was maintained in the pelvic dead space exudate. Infections in the obstetrics and gynecology: 2 approximately 4 g of CAZ was given to 12 patients for 4 approximately 11 days and satisfactory clinical effect was obtained in 9 patients. There was a slight GOT elevation in 1 case but no other appreciable side effect or abnormal laboratory value was observed.

[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The concentrations of T-1982 in arterial and venous blood and genitalia following intravenous injection were measured. The results demonstrated favourable transfer of the drug into various internal genital organs. T-1982 was administered to 12 patients. The efficacy rate was 75.0%, that is to say, good in 9 cases. No side effects were noted in any cases. It is, therefore, presumed that T-1982 is a useful drug for the infectious diseases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology although the number of subjects was not so large in this study.

[Clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

We studied piperacillin (PIPC) clinically to evaluate its utility and safety, and obtained the following results. PIPC was given at a daily dose of 1 approximately 4 g for 3 approximately 10 days by bolus injection or dripping infusion to 18 patients with various infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Four of 5 cases with intrauterine infection, 2 of 3 cases with focus infection of uterine cancer, 2 cases with perinatal intrauterine infection, 2 of 6 cases with adnexal infection and 2 cases with vulvar infection proved to respond effectively. The overall efficacy rate was 66.7%. No side effect or abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for 1 case with rash.

Microbiological study of copiamycin.

Copiamycin, an antibiotic agent, has shown in vitro activity against Candida albicans, Torulopsis glabrata, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Local administration of copiamycin to mice inoculated intraperitoneally with protozoa reduced the per cent of infection as measured by decreased abscess formation. This antibiotic has had little effect on the glucose oxidation by protozoa. Its action on anaerobic glucose metabolism in these organisms was equal to that of aminitrozole and azalomycin F. From these results we conclude that copiamycin is an effective antifungal and antitrichomonal agent equivalent in activity to azalomycin F.