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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(11): 406-412, 1 jun., 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-191900

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La distrofia miotónica tipo 1 (DM1), o enfermedad de Steinert, es un trastorno multisistémico de herencia autosómica dominante, cuya variante adulta suele cursar con deterioro cognitivo multidominio y afectación de la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. OBJETIVO: Estudiar la evolución a cuatro años del funcionamiento cognitivo de una muestra de pacientes con la variante adulta de DM1. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se evalúan las funciones cognitivas de una muestra de 31 pacientes con DM1, de los cuales 24 repiten la evaluación administrada hace cuatro años en el Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Se recogen datos de los dominios neurocognitivos más relacionados con los déficits de presentación habitual en la DM1. RESULTADOS: La evaluación de seguimiento constató la afectación de las funciones visuoespaciales y visuoconstructivas y de la atención alternante de los pacientes que se sometieron al estudio, así como de su funcionamiento cotidiano informado por la familia. Estos resultados están en línea con los obtenidos cuatro años atrás, sin que se haya objetivado un deterioro significativo entre ambas mediciones. Se demuestra, además, una mayor incidencia de deterioro cognitivo en 2018, con algunos casos de evolución a demencia en la enfermedad de Steinert. CONCLUSIÓN: La evolución neuropsicológica en la DM1 parece responder a un patrón progresivo, ligado a las funciones que más se afectan desde los inicios de la fase de secuelas y que suelen corresponder a los dominios de memoria de trabajo, atención alternante y habilidades visuoespaciales y visuoconstructivas


INTRODUCTION. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), or Steinert's disease, is a multisystemic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance, whose adult variant usually presents with multidomain cognitive impairment and affects patients' functionality and quality of life. AIM. To study the four-year history of cognitive functioning in a sample of patients with the adult variant of MD1. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The neurocognitive functions of a sample of 31 patients with MD1 are evaluated, of whom 24 repeat the test administered four years ago in the Neurology Service of the Complejo Hospitalario of Navarra. Data are collected from the cognitive domains that are most related to the deficits that usually present in MD1. RESULTS. The follow-up evaluation found that the visuospatial and visuoconstructive functions and alternating attention of the patients who underwent the study were affected, as was their daily functioning reported by the family. These results are in line with those obtained four years earlier, with no significant deterioration observed between the two measurements. A higher incidence of cognitive impairment was also displayed in 2018, with some cases of progression to dementia in Steinert's disease. CONCLUSION. Neurocognitive progression in MD1 seems to respond to a progressive pattern of degeneration, linked to the functions that are most affected from the beginning of the sequelae phase and which usually correspond to the domains of working memory, alternating attention, and visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Myotonic Dystrophy/physiopathology , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Follow-Up Studies
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(9): 303-307, 1 mayo, 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-173323

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El síndrome de hipoventilación central congénita (SHCC) es una enfermedad rara producida por mutaciones en el gen PHOX2B. Los pacientes muestran una reducida respuesta a la hipercapnia e hipoxia acompañada de alteraciones difusas del sistema nervioso autónomo y ocasionalmente alteraciones en neuroimagen. No se ha descrito un perfil neuropsicológico específico en los niños y adolescentes con SHCC. Casos clínicos. Se presentan tres casos (de edades comprendidas entre 4 y 19 años) con diferente perfil de afectación cognitiva y funcional. Se comparan los perfiles de los tres casos con los hallazgos descritos en la bibliografía sobre neuropsicología en el SHCC. Conclusiones. El perfil de afectación funcional en el SHCC es variable: en el caso 1 se describe un grave retraso global en el desarrollo con rasgos autistas y acusadas implicaciones funcionales. En el caso 2, la atrofia bilateral del hipocampo se asocia a déficit en cognición social y alteraciones en funciones ejecutivas con moderada repercusión funcional. El caso 3 muestra dificultades en algunas funciones ejecutivas cognitivas (planificación y fluidez no verbal), pero sin repercusión funcional. La evaluación neuropsicológica puede ayudar en el manejo clínico de estos pacientes determinando y orientando la necesidad de tratamientos rehabilitadores


Introduction. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) syndrome is a rare disease caused by mutations in the PHOX2B gene. Patients show a reduced response to hypercapnia and hypoxia accompanied by diffuse disturbances of the autonomic nervous system and occasionaly also disturbances in neuroimaging. A specific neuropsychological profile has not been described in children and adolescents with CCHS. Case reports. We describe three cases (aged between 4 and 19 years) with different profiles of affectation in cognitive and functionality. These profiles are compared with the features described in the literature about neuropsychology in CCHS. Conclusions. The profile of functional impairment in the CCHS is variable: in case 1, a severe global developmental delay with autistic features and marked functional involvement is described. In case 2, bilateral atrophy of the hippocampus is associated with involvement in social cognition and in executive functions with moderate functional repercussion. Case 3 shows difficulties in some cognitive executive functions (planning and non-verbal fluency), but without functional repercussion. Neuropsychological assessment can help in the clinical management of these patients by determining and guiding the need for rehabilitation treatments


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Young Adult , Sleep Apnea, Central/complications , Sleep Apnea, Central/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Cognitive Dysfunction/complications , Cognitive Neuroscience , Wechsler Scales , Neurocognitive Disorders/complications
3.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol ; 40(1): 75-83, 2018 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28708033

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare genetic disorder due to paired-like homeobox gene (PHOX2B) mutations. CCHS patients suffer from dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system characterized by the absence of or extremely reduced response to hypercapnia and hypoxia, with neuropsychological deficits. The aim of this exploratory study is to describe the longitudinal neuropsychological profile and its correlations with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a child with CCHS with a PHOX2B mutation. METHOD: A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was conducted serially at age 7 years 4 months and 10 years 3 months, including assessment of intellectual functioning (IQ), motor functioning, perception, attention, executive functions, language, memory, social cognition, academic skills, and psychopathology. Reliable change index (RCI) scores were used to assess changes between assessments. We collected spin lattice relaxation time (T1)-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and spin spin lattice relaxation time (T2)-weighted images from the child at age 10 years 3 months using a 1.5-tesla MRI scanner. RESULTS: IQ, processing speed index (PSI), social cognition (theory of mind and facial emotion recognition), selective attention, naming, academic skills (reading/comprehension), and manual speed with right hand declined in the second evaluation relative to the initial evaluation, while visuoconstructional praxis, receptive vocabulary, working memory, and arithmetic skill improved. The patient showed a remarkable global deterioration in executive functions (planning, task flexibility, behavioral regulation, and metacognition) as revealed by parental report and clinical evaluation. MRI revealed gliosis from the head to tail of the hippocampus and thinning of parahippocampal gyri. CONCLUSIONS: In a clinical case of CCHS, serial evaluation revealed deterioration of executive functions and social cognition over a 3-year interval. These changes corresponded to hippocampal damage as revealed in MRI, which may have affected social cognition through its role in the default mode network. Serial neuropsychological assessment is clinically useful in managing the needs of these patients.


Subject(s)
Brain/diagnostic imaging , Hypoventilation/congenital , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuroimaging , Neuropsychological Tests , Sleep Apnea, Central/psychology , Social Skills , Child , Correlation of Data , Disease Progression , Follow-Up Studies , Gliosis/diagnostic imaging , Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Hypoventilation/diagnostic imaging , Hypoventilation/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Metacognition/physiology , Parahippocampal Gyrus/diagnostic imaging , Sleep Apnea, Central/diagnostic imaging
4.
Rev Neurol ; 61(12): 529-35, 2015 Dec 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26662870

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (MD-1) or Steinert disease is a multisystemic progressive disorder. Studies have shown cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms and a high incidence of anxiety personality traits that compromise both the functionality and the quality of life of these patients. AIM: To describe the cognitive and psychopathological profile of a sample of patients with the adult variant of MD-1. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 27 patients diagnosed with MD-1 was selected from those being followed up in the neurology service of the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Eligibility criteria were age under 50 years and the absence of any other pathology or physical condition that prevented them from performing the psychological evaluation. A neuropsychological evaluation battery specifically designed for this kind of pathology was used, together with psychopathological and functionality measures. RESULTS: The neuropsychological evaluation revealed mainly deficits in visual-constructional and visuospatial skills, alternating attention and in other-reported dysexecutive signs and symptoms. The group of patients did not present any clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety, but did score high on obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The results point towards a deterioration in functionality. CONCLUSIONS: In the integral approach to MD-1, the characterisation and developmental monitoring of the cognitive, psychopathological and personality profile, as well as the level of functionality, all contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of these patients.


TITLE: Estudio descriptivo del perfil neuropsicologico y psicopatologico en pacientes con distrofia miotonica tipo 1.Introduccion. La distrofia miotonica tipo 1 (DM-1) o enfermedad de Steinert es un trastorno multisistemico y progresivo. Se han encontrado deficits cognitivos, clinica depresiva y alta incidencia de rasgos de personalidad ansiosos con afectacion tanto en la funcionalidad como en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir el perfil cognitivo y psicopatologico de una muestra de pacientes con la variante adulta de DM-1. Pacientes y metodos. Se selecciono una muestra de 27 pacientes con diagnostico de DM-1 en seguimiento en el Servicio de Neurologia del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Los criterios de inclusion fueron tener menos de 50 anos y descartar cualquier otra patologia o condicion fisica que impidiese realizar la evaluacion psicologica. Se utilizo una bateria de evaluacion neuropsicologica especificamente disenada para este tipo de patologia, ademas de medidas de psicopatologia y funcionalidad. Resultados. La evaluacion neuropsicologica reflejo, principalmente, deficits en habilidades visuoconstructivas, visuoespaciales, atencion alternante y en sintomatologia disejecutiva heteroinformada. El grupo de pacientes no presento sintomatologia depresiva ni ansiosa clinicamente significativa, pero si puntuaciones elevadas en obsesion-compulsion, sensibilidad interpersonal, ideacion paranoide y psicoticismo. Los resultados orientaron hacia un deterioro en la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. En el abordaje integral de la DM-1, la caracterizacion y el seguimiento evolutivo del perfil cognitivo, psicopatologico y de personalidad, asi como del nivel de funcionalidad, contribuyen a la mejora de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Myotonic Dystrophy/psychology , Adult , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Compulsive Personality Disorder , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Disease Progression , Executive Function , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications , Myotonic Dystrophy/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Paranoid Personality Disorder , Personality , Personality Tests , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Quality of Life , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(12): 529-535, 16 dic., 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146699

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La distrofia miotónica tipo 1 (DM-1) o enfermedad de Steinert es un trastorno multisistémico y progresivo. Se han encontrado déficits cognitivos, clínica depresiva y alta incidencia de rasgos de personalidad ansiosos con afectación tanto en la funcionalidad como en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo. Describir el perfil cognitivo y psicopatológico de una muestra de pacientes con la variante adulta de DM-1. Pacientes y métodos. Se seleccionó una muestra de 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de DM-1 en seguimiento en el Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Los criterios de inclusión fueron tener menos de 50 años y descartar cualquier otra patología o condición física que impidiese realizar la evaluación psicológica. Se utilizó una batería de evaluación neuropsicológica específicamente diseñada para este tipo de patología, además de medidas de psicopatología y funcionalidad. Resultados. La evaluación neuropsicológica reflejó, principalmente, déficits en habilidades visuoconstructivas, visuoespaciales, atención alternante y en sintomatología disejecutiva heteroinformada. El grupo de pacientes no presentó sintomatología depresiva ni ansiosa clínicamente significativa, pero sí puntuaciones elevadas en obsesión-compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal, ideación paranoide y psicoticismo. Los resultados orientaron hacia un deterioro en la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. En el abordaje integral de la DM-1, la caracterización y el seguimiento evolutivo del perfil cognitivo, psicopatológico y de personalidad, así como del nivel de funcionalidad, contribuyen a la mejora de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes (AU)


Introduction. Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (MD-1) or Steinert disease is a multisystemic progressive disorder. Studies have shown cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms and a high incidence of anxiety personality traits that compromise both the functionality and the quality of life of these patients. Aim. To describe the cognitive and psychopathological profile of a sample of patients with the adult variant of MD-1. Patients and methods. A sample of 27 patients diagnosed with MD-1 was selected from those being followed up in the neurology service of the Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Eligibility criteria were age under 50 years and the absence of any other pathology or physical condition that prevented them from performing the psychological evaluation. A neuropsychological evaluation battery specifically designed for this kind of pathology was used, together with psychopathological and functionality measures. Results. The neuropsychological evaluation revealed mainly deficits in visual-constructional and visuospatial skills, alternating attention and in other-reported dysexecutive signs and symptoms. The group of patients did not present any clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety, but did score high on obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The results point towards a deterioration in functionality. Conclusions. In the integral approach to MD-1, the characterisation and developmental monitoring of the cognitive, psychopathological and personality profile, as well as the level of functionality, all contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of these patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Myotonic Dystrophy/diagnosis , Myotonic Dystrophy/psychology , Cognitive Dissonance , Cognitive Dysfunction/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Personality Disorders/complications , Personality Disorders/therapy , Quality of Life/psychology , Neuropsychology/methods , Psychopathology/methods , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications , Personality Assessment , Psychopathology/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Protocols
6.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 12(2/3): 417-429, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147293

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La muerte es un tema tabú en la sociedad actual, y por ello es común que los padres tengan dudas acerca de cómo abordar este tema con los menores. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) describir el concepto evolutivo de muerte y la forma de afrontamiento de niños y adolescentes ante una pérdida y 2) hacer una revisión bibliográfica de las principales recomendaciones y pautas para abordar el proceso de comunicación y preparación de los niños ante esta situación. Método: Se ha hecho una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática en bases de datos primarias y secundarias (TripDatbase, PsycInfo, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Psicodoc) combinando diferentes términos clave. Resultados: La mayor parte del material revisado procede del ámbito anglosajón. En nuestro país la mayoría tiene un formato divulgativo, y no consta a los autores de este trabajo la publicación de investigaciones regladas. Sin embargo sí es posible extraer de todo el material revisado una serie de pautas generales que facilitan la comunicación con los menores en esas situaciones. Conclusiones: La comunicación adecuada y en base a unas pautas establecidas contribuye a facilitar el proceso de elaboración del duelo en los niños y adolescentes


Aims: Death is a taboo in our society, and it is common that parents have questions about how to cope with children this issue. The aims of this paper are: 1) to describe the developmental concept of death and the ways of coping in children and adolescents in case of loss 2) to make a literature review of the main recommendations and guidelines to address the communication process and preparation children in this situation. Method: A systematic literature search has been made in primary and secondary databases (TripDatbase, PsycInfo, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Psicodoc), by combining different keywords. Results: Most of the reviewed material comes from England and USA. In our country the majority has an informative format, and we have no evidence of published regulated research. However it is possible to remove from all the material reviewed a number of general guidelines to facilitate communication with children in case of loss of a loved one. Conclusions: The correct and based on established guidelines communication makes easier the process of grief in children and adolescents


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Attitude to Death , Adaptation, Psychological/physiology , Social Adjustment , Child Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Bereavement , Communication , Grief , Hospice Care/psychology , Father-Child Relations , Object Attachment , Parent-Child Relations , Professional-Family Relations
7.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 35(127): 573-586, jul.-sept. 2015.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-145076

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos del espectro autista se caracterizan por dificultades en la comunicación social y patrones de conducta e intereses restringidos y repetitivos. Desde la descripción pionera de Leo Kanner a mediados del S. XX y que aludía de forma indirecta a posible afectación en algunas funciones cognitivas como lenguaje o funciones ejecutivas, se han publicado numerosos trabajos relativos a la fenomenología, la etiología y el tratamiento; y desde disciplinas variadas como la Psicología Cognitiva y la Neuropsicología, entre otras. La revisión de los trabajos publicados en los últimos 14 años relativos a la evaluación de la memoria, la atención y las funciones ejecutivas en niños y adolescentes con trastornos del espectro autista permite concluir un perfil de afectación particular, que sostiene y precisa en mayor medida las hipótesis que Kanner había propuesto en el siglo pasado (AU)


Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by difficulties in social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behavior patterns and interests. Since Leo Kanner´s first description in the mid-20th century, which indirectly mentioned impairments in some cognitive functions as language or executive funciones, many papers concerning phenomenology, etiology and treatment have been publicated; from different disciplines as Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, among others. The review of the articles published in the last 14 years related to the evaluation of memory, attention and executive functions in autism spectrum disorders allow us to conclude an impaired cognitive profile that supports and specifies Kanners´s hypothesis in the last century (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Autistic Disorder/pathology , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Memory Disorders/genetics , Memory Disorders/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/pathology , Executive Function/physiology , Language Disorders/genetics , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Autistic Disorder/metabolism , Memory Disorders/complications , Memory Disorders/therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/metabolism , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Executive Function/classification , Language Disorders/psychology
8.
Rev Neurol ; 60(12): 553-61, 2015 Jun 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26062828

ABSTRACT

The early and etiological diagnosis of dementia syndrome in the clinical practice remains the neuropsychological assessment through the study of the cognitive profile of the patient and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the functions, both impaired and preserved. In this article, we describe a neuropsychological battery of cognitive evaluation to detect mild cognitive impairment in any of its clinical forms and dementia; as well as discriminate between the main profiles of dementia syndrome, based on its topographic and etiological classification (frontotemporal, temporoparietal, subcortical, cortico-subcortical and multifocal). This battery is implemented in the neuropsychological assessment specialized surgery from Navarra Hospital Center Neurology Service. Not only the tests that form the assessment protocol are presented, but also the theoretical models that are considered more appropriate for their interpretation.


TITLE: Propuesta de una bateria neuropsicologica de evaluacion cognitiva para detectar y discriminar deterioro cognitivo leve y demencias.El diagnostico precoz y etiologico del sindrome demencial en la practica clinica sigue siendo la evaluacion neuropsicologica mediante el estudio del perfil cognitivo del paciente y el analisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las funciones, tanto deficitarias como preservadas. En este articulo se describe una bateria neuropsicologica de evaluacion cognitiva para detectar deterioro cognitivo leve en cualquiera de sus formas clinicas y demencia, y para discriminar entre los principales perfiles del sindrome demencial en funcion de su clasificacion topografica y etiologia (frontotemporales, temporoparietales, subcorticales, corticosubcorticales y multifocales). Esta bateria se implementa en la consulta especializada de evaluacion neuropsicologica del Servicio de Neurologia del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Se exponen no solo las pruebas que componen el protocolo de evaluacion, sino los modelos teoricos que se consideran mas apropiados para su interpretacion.


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(12): 553-561, 16 jun., 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138207

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico precoz y etiológico del síndrome demencial en la práctica clínica sigue siendo la evaluación neuropsicológica mediante el estudio del perfil cognitivo del paciente y el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las funciones, tanto deficitarias como preservadas. En este artículo se describe una batería neuropsicológica de evaluación cognitiva para detectar deterioro cognitivo leve en cualquiera de sus formas clínicas y demencia, y para discriminar entre los principales perfiles del síndrome demencial en función de su clasificación topográfica y etiología (frontotemporales, temporoparietales, subcorticales, corticosubcorticales y multifocales). Esta batería se implementa en la consulta especializada de evaluación neuropsicológica del Servicio de Neurología del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Se exponen no sólo las pruebas que componen el protocolo de evaluación, sino los modelos teóricos que se consideran más apropiados para su interpretación (AU)


The early and etiological diagnosis of dementia syndrome in the clinical practice remains the neuropsychological assessment through the study of the cognitive profile of the patient and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the functions, both impaired and preserved. In this article, we describe a neuropsychological battery of cognitive evaluation to detect mild cognitive impairment in any of its clinical forms and dementia; as well as discriminate between the main profiles of dementia syndrome, based on its topographic and etiological classification (frontotemporal, temporoparietal, subcortical, cortico-subcortical and multifocal). This battery is implemented in the neuropsychological assessment specialized surgery from Navarra Hospital Center Neurology Service. Not only the tests that form the assessment protocol are presented, but also the theoretical models that are considered more appropriate for their interpretation (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Dementia/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
10.
Rev Neurol ; 59(12): 529-36, 2014 Dec 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25501450

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. A large number of neurological diseases course with impairment of higher cognitive functions, their evaluation being important for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. The main purpose of neuropsychological assessment is to identify behavioral, emotional and cognitive consequences of brain dysfunction. The neuropsychologist's figure was included in Navarra's Hospital Neurology Service in February 2013 through a specialized practice in neuropsychological assessment. AIM. To describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of all patients referred to the same from March 2013 to March 2014. PATIENTS AND METHODS. A total of 511 people have been treated in this practice. RESULTS. 73.2% are more than 55 years old and the most frequent reason of referral is to characterize the neuropsychological profile to detect and discriminate mild cognitive impairment and dementia, as well as the type of dementia. In younger adults (< 55 years old) the most prevalent cognitive deficit is memory impairment. CONCLUSIONS. The expert neuropsychologist performs thorough neuropsychological evaluations from an interpretative approach. The results of this study suggest the importance of this figures role in neurology services and point out future aims.


TITLE: Papel del neuropsicologo en los servicios de neurologia: estudio descriptivo de los usuarios de la consulta especializada de evaluacion neuropsicologica del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra en su primer año de funcionamiento.Introduccion. Un gran numero de patologias neurologicas cursa con afectacion de las funciones cognitivas superiores, y su valoracion es importante con fines diagnosticos, pronosticos y terapeuticos. El principal objetivo de la evaluacion neuropsicologica es identificar las consecuencias conductuales, emocionales y cognitivas de la disfuncion cerebral. La figura del neuropsicologo se incluyo en el servicio de neurologia del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra en febrero de 2013 a traves de una consulta especializada de evaluacion neuropsicologica. Objetivo. Describir el perfil sociodemografico y clinico del total de pacientes derivados a consulta de marzo de 2013 a mar­zo de 2014. Pacientes y metodos. Se ha atendido a un total de 511 personas en esta consulta. Resultados. El 73,2% tiene mas de 55 años y el motivo de derivacion mas frecuente es la caracterizacion del perfil neuropsicologico para detectar y discriminar deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia, asi como el tipo de demencia. En los adultos jovenes (< 55 años), el deficit cognitivo mas prevalente es la afectacion de la memoria. Conclusiones. El neuropsicologo experto realiza evaluaciones neuropsicologicas exhaustivas desde un enfoque interpretativo. Los resultados de este estudio apuntan la relevancia de su funcion en los servicios de neurologia y descubre objetivos futuros.


Subject(s)
Hospital Departments/organization & administration , Hospital Units/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Neurology/organization & administration , Neuropsychological Tests , Neuropsychology , Physician's Role , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ambulatory Care , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Female , Hospital Departments/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/psychology , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain
11.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 33(119): 511-523, jul.-sept. 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-114056

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad, encontramos numerosa bibliografía sobre las alteraciones estructurales y funcionales cerebrales en el Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT). En este trabajo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática de los artículos publicados en los últimos años sobre la neuroanatomía y la neurofisiología del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático. Los objetivos son: describir las hipótesis que relacionan las alteraciones neuroanatómicas y la sintomatología característica del TEPT; y describir el perfil neuropsicológico y los tratamientos con base en las neurociencias, partiendo de la premisa de que las limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios no permiten generalizar estos resultados. Finalmente se propone que la rehabilitación neuropsicológica de los déficits cognitivos mostrados por estos pacientes potenciaría la eficacia de los tratamientos psicológicos (AU)


Currently, we have enough literature about brain findings in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A bibliographical review of the articles published in the last years related to neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is presented. The aims of this review are: to describe the hypotheses that relate the neuroanatomics disorders and the typical symptomatology of the TEPT, and to describe the neuropsychological profile and the treatments based in Neuroscience, taking into account that the methodological limitations of the studies do not allow to generalize these results. Finally, we raise the rehabilitation of the neuropsychological cognitive deficits shown by these patients, with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of psychological treatments (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Neurophysiology/organization & administration , Neurophysiology/standards , Memory Disorders/complications , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/physiopathology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Neuroanatomy/methods , Neuroanatomy/standards , Neuropsychology/methods , Neuropsychology/trends , Bibliometrics
12.
Rev Neurol ; 55(11): 641-50, 2012 Dec 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23172090

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX) has been used to study executive deficits in both clinical samples (both psychiatric and neurological) and non-clinical samples, although agreement on its factorial structure is lacking. The aim of this research is to study that structure in the self-administered version in a sample of the Spanish population with acquired brain injury and memory loss complaints, and to compare that solution with those obtained in other studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was administered to 119 subjects with acquired brain injury with different aetiologies (traumatic, vascular, tumours, multiple sclerosis, toxic-metabolic and others). RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88. All the items showed adequate discriminatory power, except item 15. No relation was found between the total score on the DEX and the age, gender and time elapsed since the injury. A negative correlation between total score and level of schooling was confirmed. The total score does not follow a normal distribution. The five-factor solution accounts for a higher percentage of the total variance than those of two, three and four factors (63.76%). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the DEX is an instrument that is valid for evaluating general dysexecutive symptoms in subjects with acquired brain injury. The five-factor factorial structure (planning, cognitive control, inhibition, social awareness and impulse control) offers a greater wealth of information because it measures more aspects of the dys-executive pathology and therefore appears to be more useful in the clinical setting. It is advisable to use the questionnaire in an early stage of evaluation or screening and to use it as a complement to the proxy-reported version.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/diagnosis , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spain
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