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1.
ACS Nano ; 16(7): 10692-10700, 2022 07 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35786946

ABSTRACT

Microscale needle-like electrode technologies offer in vivo extracellular recording with a high spatiotemporal resolution. Further miniaturization of needles to nanoscale minimizes tissue injuries; however, a reduced electrode area increases electrical impedance that degrades the quality of neuronal signal recording. We overcome this limitation by fabricating a 300 nm tip diameter and 200 µm long needle electrode where the amplitude gain with a high-impedance electrode (>15 MΩ, 1 kHz) was improved from 0.54 (-5.4 dB) to 0.89 (-1.0 dB) by stacking it on an amplifier module of source follower. The nanoelectrode provided the recording of both local field potential (<300 Hz) and action potential (>500 Hz) in the mouse cortex, in contrast to the electrode without the amplifier. These results suggest that microelectrodes can be further minimized by the proposed amplifier configuration for low-invasive recording and electrophysiological studies in submicron areas in tissues, such as dendrites and axons.


Subject(s)
Amplifiers, Electronic , Neurons , Animals , Mice , Action Potentials/physiology , Electrophysiology/methods , Microelectrodes , Neurons/physiology
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(16)2021 04 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33846241

ABSTRACT

Microscale needle-electrode devices offer neuronal signal recording capability in brain tissue; however, using needles of smaller geometry to minimize tissue damage causes degradation of electrical properties, including high electrical impedance and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) recording. We overcome these limitations using a device assembly technique that uses a single needle-topped amplifier package, called STACK, within a device of ∼1 × 1 mm2 Based on silicon (Si) growth technology, a <3-µm-tip-diameter, 400-µm-length needle electrode was fabricated on a Si block as the module. The high electrical impedance characteristics of the needle electrode were improved by stacking it on the other module of the amplifier. The STACK device exhibited a voltage gain of >0.98 (-0.175 dB), enabling recording of the local field potential and action potentials from the mouse brain in vivo with an improved SNR of 6.2. Additionally, the device allowed us to use a Bluetooth module to demonstrate wireless recording of these neuronal signals; the chronic experiment was also conducted using STACK-implanted mice.


Subject(s)
Electroencephalography/instrumentation , Electrophysiology/instrumentation , Electrophysiology/methods , Action Potentials/physiology , Animals , Brain/physiology , Electric Impedance , Electrodes, Implanted/adverse effects , Electroencephalography/methods , Equipment Design , Male , Mice , Microelectrodes/adverse effects , Neurons/physiology , Signal-To-Noise Ratio
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