Anterior communicating artery aneurysm in a young patient with Fahr's disease: case presentation.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Fahr disease is an uncommon disorder defined as prominent calcification in basal ganglia, dentate nuclei of cerebellum, pulvinar thalami and subcortical white matter and it has been shown that calcium is the major factor that causes the hyperdensity on computer tomography (CT). Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm in a patient with Fahr disease was first reported by Al-Jehani et al. in 2012 in a 54-year-old female patient with calcification of basal ganglia and deep cerebellar nuclei and a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a right posterior communicating artery aneurysm. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a 17 years old patient with Fahr disease with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture. CONCLUSION: There are few reports of intracranial hemorrhage with Fahr's disease. It may be suggested that excessive calcium accumulation contributes to aneurysm formation or rupture.

Foraminal Stenosis as a Cause of Postdiscectomy Syndrome.

AIM: To reveal the relation between postdiscectomy syndrome and foraminal stenosis due to height loss of disc level in patients operated for one-sided L5-S1 disc herniation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 operated patients due to L5-S1 one-sided disc herniation were included. Mean age was 46.60 years (±10.52 years). Foraminal height, width, and intervertebral disc height were measured via CT. The diameters were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. The relation between the measurements and clinic findings was investigated. RESULTS: Six months after discectomy, for the operated side, the mean foraminal height decreased from 16.78 ± 1.75 mm to 14.43 ± 1.62 mm (p 0.05) and the mean foraminal width decreased from 6.30 ± 1.43 mm to 5.34 ± 1.56 mm (p 0.05). According to the correlation test, for the operated side, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the decrease in foramen height and leg pain visual analog scale (VAS) score. Moreover, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the decrease in the posterior side height of the disc level and the leg pain VAS score. CONCLUSION: Overall, after microdiscectomy, as the height of the foramen decreased, leg pain also increased. Moreover, the decrease in the posterior side height of the disc level was associated with an increase in leg pain. Therefore, over time, the collapse of the disc distance decreases the foramen height, which causes leg pain. After microdiscectomy, in patients whose leg pain was relieved at first but started again after a time, the foramen and disc level diameters should be checked.

A rare case report: Cervical subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema due to mastoid fracture.

Subcutaneous emphysema occurs when air enters the soft tissue, which usually appears in the soft tissues of the chest wall or neck. It may also arise from pneumothorax or skin lacerations after trauma or other reasons. Mediastinal emphysema may be either associated with subcutaneous emphysema or seen alone. The air in the mastoid cells may spread from the retropharyngeal region or various neck compartments into the mediastinum. Usually, no severe neurological or clinical findings are observed except crepitation on palpation. We present a case report of a mastoid fracture as a rare cause of cervical subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema.

Late-onset Metastasis of Intracranial Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common subtype of thyroid cancers, accounting for >90% of all thyroid carcinomas. Despite a favorable long-term survival rate of 94.4%, people with distant metastases show worse outcome. Cerebral metastases are slightly uncommon and stand for only 1%-3% of all metastases. CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a 56-year-old male patient complaining of serious headaches for >20 days. He underwent thyroidectomy surgery 13 years ago due to papillary thyroid carcinoma and was reported "tumor free" on his follow-ups without any complaints. On his cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan a right temporal mass lesion was detected. During surgery, the tumor was removed and reported as papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis. CONCLUSION: A case in which a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma developed brain metastasis after such a long time was not reported in the literature before.

Transorbital penetrating head trauma leading to serious cerebral edema - A case report.

Penetrating transorbital head injuries are rarely seen. We present a 6-year old male patient who was referred to our department after a wooden stick penetrated his right eye. On admission his general condition was well and he showed no neurologic deficits. On his cranial computed tomography (CT) there was a fracture on his right orbital wall and minimal subarachnoid hemorrhage in his right frontal lobe. On later follow-ups the patient's condition worsened and his control CT showed diffuse cerebral edema. The patient underwent emergent decompressive surgery. Due to this immediate intervention the patient was released from the hospital with no major deficits later. Up to our knowledge, there are no cases in the literature reported in which decompressive craniectomy was necessary after a transorbital penetrating head trauma.

GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats.

The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated. When EM fields at a power density of 3.67 W/m2 (specific absorption rate = 11.3 mW/kg), which is well below current exposure limits, were applied, MDA (malondialdehyde) level was found to increase and GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration was found to decrease significantly (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a less significant (p = 0.0190) increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity under EM exposure.