The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels on Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Suicide is a major public health problem, and most people, who attempt suicide, have a psychiatric disorder. The preventable nature of suicide has further warranted the conduct of studies on suicide. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study aimed to investigate the effects of depression, anxiety, and stress levels on suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. The study included 222 patients with schizophrenia. Data were collected by using the Descriptive Information Form, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-Short Form. Results: It was found that 47.7% of the participants had suicidal ideation and 33.8% of them had attempted suicide by taking pills, self-cutting, jumping from a height, and hanging. While the participants had moderate levels of depression and anxiety, their stress levels were normal. The study has shown that the variables of stress, a good income level, and employment affect suicidal behavior, with a 1-unit increase in stress scores leading to an increase by 0.942, a 1-unit decrease in the good income level leading to an increase by 1.132, and a 1-unit increase in employment leading to an increase by 1.316 in suicidal behavior. Stress, income status, and employment accounted for 42.3% of the change in suicidal behavior. Conclusion: This study has shown that suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are common in patients with schizophrenia compared to the normal population, and increased stress levels, poor income, and working in a job increased the risk of suicide among these patients. It can be suggested that efforts for improving stress management in patients during the post-pandemic period may be effective in reducing the risk of suicide.

Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Happiness of Nursing Students: A Mixed Methods Study.

The aim of this study was to examine the childhood trauma experiences and current happiness levels of nursing students. The quantitative part of the study was carried out with 349 student nurses and the qualitative part with 25 student nurses. An explanatory-sequential mixed methods design was used. Data were collected using Demographic Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form and semi-structured Interview Form between November 2020 and September 2021. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the SAS 9.4 package program. Transcribed qualitative data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six stage thematic analysis approach, and this was performed with the MAXQDA 2020 package program. In the quantitative section, it was determined that as the participants' childhood traumatic experiences increased, their happiness levels decreased. In the qualitative section six themes were formed (Childhood Trauma, Effects of Childhood Trauma, Coping with Childhood Trauma, Growing Up After Trauma, Perceptions of Future Parenting, Empowerment Through Nursing Education). It was determined that participants had various childhood traumatic experiences and mostly been exposed to emotional neglect. Some of the participants' childhood traumas continued to affect them in adulthood, and nursing education contributed to coping with trauma and raising awareness about it.

Psychological Experiences of Elderly Patients With Covid-19 Diagnosis in Intensive Care: A Qualitative Study.

In the study, it was aimed to determine the experiences of elderly COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care units. The study was conducted based on the phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview form with 15 participants, who were determined by the homogeneous and criterion sampling methods, two of the purposive sampling methods. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. After the interviews, four themes were determined: intensive care experiences, importance of nursing care, intensive care environment and coping mechanisms related to COVID-19 disease, and post-intensive care realizations. In addition, 13 sub-themes were determined. This study provided a better understanding of the psychological experiences of elderly individuals during the disease, who have been hospitalized in intensive care unit and survived COVID-19.

The effect of insight, loneliness, and hope levels on medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.

PURPOSE: It is important to investigate the negative factors affecting medication compliance to continue the treatment of schizophrenia. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive and analytical study, the effects of insight, loneliness, and hope levels on medication adherence in 202 patients with schizophrenia were studied. FINDINGS: The correlation was positive between medication adherence and insight, negative between medication adherence and loneliness, and no correlation between medication adherence and hope. A 1-point increase in insight scores increased medication adherence 1.226 times and a 1-point increase in loneliness scores decreased medication adherence 0.946 times. Medication adherence was 0.499 times lower in nonsmokers compared to smokers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Further studies on patients with schizophrenia should be conducted to evaluate factors affecting medication adherence and preventing smoking in schizophrenia.

Is distance education obligatory or a new trend? The effect of psychiatric nursing e-course on stigma.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of psychiatric nursing e-course taught by distance learning on students' beliefs about mental illnesses. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was conducted as a pretest, posttest, and follow-up quasi-experimental study with 147 nursing students. FINDINGS: The results showed that the psychiatric nursing e-course significantly reduced the stigmatization total and dimension scale scores of the participants, and the effect continued in the follow-up measurement. The difference between the pretest and posttest stigmatization scores of the students who concentrated during virtual classes and those who found student-instructor interaction and virtual course materials sufficient was statistically significant. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Our results have shown that the psychiatric nursing e-course is effective on beliefs regarding stigmatization, and distance education is promising for nursing education to continue effectively.

Effect of assertiveness training on the nursing students' assertiveness and self-esteem levels: Application of hybrid education in COVID-19 pandemic.

The changes taking place in the education system along with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic make it compulsory to use distance education methods. For evaluating whether the assertiveness training which was offered through a hybrid education model had any effect on assertiveness and self-esteem, this study was conducted as an experimental study with the control group. In the study, the Rathus assertiveness inventory, Coopersmith self-esteem inventory, and personal information form were utilized. The participant nursing students were assigned to experimental and control groups. The measurement tools were applied to both groups while the assertiveness training was later given solely to the experimental group. At the end of the training given to the experimental group, the measurement tools were applied once again to both groups. According to the results of the study, while the assertiveness and self-esteem of the students in the experimental group increased significantly from the pre-test to the posttest measurements, no statistically significant difference was found in the measurements made in the same periods in the control group. This situation demonstrates that the technology-based hybrid assertiveness training was effective in enhancing assertiveness and self-esteem.