The predictive value of MAPH score for determining thrombus burden in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: A high thrombus burden has been connected with poor clinical events in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In patients with STEMI, a high MAPH score has been associated with a large thrombus burden. However, the predictive value of the MAPH score in determining the thrombus burden in patients with NSTEMI is unclear. The present report aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of the MAPH score in the estimating coronary thrombus burden in NSTEMI patients. The study patients were split into two groups according to their thrombus grade. The low shear rate (LSR) and high shear rate (HSR) were estimated by haematocrit levels and serum total protein levels. The MAPH score was calculated by adding mean platelet volume (MPV) levels and age, in addition to total protein and haematocrit. RESULTS: The patients with a high thrombus burden (HTB) had a higher LSR, higher HSR and higher MAPH score compared to patients with low thrombus burden. MAPH score was found to be an independent predictors of HTB in Model 1 (OR: 1.124, 95% CI: 1.011-1.536; p = 0.039) and Model 2 (OR: 1.236; 95% CI: 1.002-1.525; p = 0.047). The cut-off value of the MAPH score for predicting HTB was 2 based on the Youden index. CONCLUSIONS: The MAPH score, which calculated by adding MPV levels and age, in addition to total protein and haematocrit, is a novel, easily accessible score. The MAPH score at both LSR and HSR was an independent predictor of HTB.

Association of CHA2DS2-VASc score with thrombus burden in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing SVG-PCI.

BACKGROUND: The rate of saphenous vein graft (SVG) occlusion within the first year of bypass graft surgery is 15%. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to predict the risk of thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We aimed to evaluate the predictive role of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in the estimation of intracoronary thrombus burden in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent SVG-PCI. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 221 patients who were admitted with AMI and underwent PCI of SVGs at the Department of Cardiology in the Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital between 2012 and 2018. The study population was divided into two groups according to their Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) thrombus grade: low thrombus burden (LTB; TIMI 0-3) and high thrombus burden (HTB; TIMI 4 and 5). RESULTS: The study included 221 patients with a mean age of 63.3 ± 6.7 years. The patients with HTB had significantly higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (p < 0.001) compared with LTB patients. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that both CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR: 1.573, 95% CI: 1.153-2.147, p = 0.004) as a continuous variable and a binary cut-off level of the CHA2DS2-VASc score > 3 (OR: 3.876, 95% CI: 1.705-8.808, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with HTB. The ability of the CHA2DS2-VASc score to predict HTB burden was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristics analysis curve analysis. The optimum cut-off value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for predicting HTB was 3 (with a sensitivity of 67.9% and a specificity of 69.3%) according to the Youden index. CONCLUSION: The CHA2DS2-VASc score can be used as an easy practical tool to predict HTB in AMI patients undergoing SVG-PCI.

Diurnal rhythm of blood pressure in patients with polycythemia vera.

AIMS: Polycythemia vera increases the risk of hypertension, but there is limited information about the effect on daily blood pressure fluctuations. This study aimed to demonstrate how diurnal blood pressure rhythm is affected in polycythemia vera patients. METHODS: Fifty (50) patients (33 men; mean age 48 ± 15 years) with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera and 51 age and sex-matched healthy subjects for the control group were prospectively evaluated. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were evaluated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as average 24-hour, daytime and nighttime measures. RESULTS: Average 24-hour SBP and DBP, daytime SBP and DBP were similar in both groups. However, nighttime SBP and DBP were significantly higher in the polycythemia vera group compared with the control group (125.3 ± 17.2 and 73.7 ± 12.2 vs. 118.9 ± 12.2 and 69.5 ± 8.5; P = 0.034 and P = 0.044). Both nocturnal SBP fall and nocturnal DBP fall were blunted in the polycythemia vera group compared with the control group (-6.9 ± 8.9 and -11.3 ± 12.2 vs. -11.6 ± 7.7 and -16.3 ± 12.0, respectively). Both hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were positively correlated with nocturnal SBP fall (r = 0.306, P = 0.002 and r = 0.355, P < 0.001; respectively) in all patients. CONCLUSION: We found that the polycythemia vera group had significantly decreased nocturnal dipping compared with healthy controls. The SBP fall was also positively correlated with hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.

The impact of admission cystatin C levels on in-hospital and three-year mortality rates in acute decompensated heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Although tremendous advances have been made in preventative and therapeutic approaches in heart failure (HF), the hospitalisation and mortality rates for patients with HF is high. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cystatin C and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and in- and out-of-hospital mortality rates in acute decompensated HF (ADHF). METHODS: Between February 2008 and November 2011, 57 consecutive patients who were admitted with ADHF were included in this prospective study. These patients were clinically followed up every three months by means of visits or telephone interviews. The primary clinical endpoint of this study was any death from heart failure rehospitalisation and/or other causes. RESULTS: The subjects who died during the in-hospital follow up were younger than the survivors (47.4 ± 17.5 vs 60.8 ± 15.8, p = 0.043). There was a notable correlation between plasma cystatin C and NT-proBNP levels (r = 0.324, p = 0.014) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r = -0.638, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only cystatin C level [odds ratio (OR): 12.311, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.616-93.764, p = 0.015] and age [OR: 0.925, 95% CI: 0.866-0.990, p = 0.023] were linked to in-hospital mortality rate. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, only admission sodium level appeared as a significant independent predictor of death during the 36-month follow up [hazard ratio: 0.937, 95% CI: 0.880-0.996, p = 0.037]. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of admission cystatin C levels may provide a reliable prediction of in-hospital mortality, compared to estimated GFR or NT-proBNP levels among patients with ADHF. However, in this trial, during long-term follow up, only admission sodium level significantly predicted death.

Relation Between TRCA Complication Rates and Peak ACT Levels Stratified According to the BMI Tertiles.

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the fixed dose of 5000 IU unfractionated heparin (UFH) represented as peak activated clotting time (ACT) according to the body mass index (BMI) tertiles in patients undergoing diagnostic transradial coronary angiography (TRCA). A total of 422 patients were included in the present study, 84 in the normal weight group, 218 in the overweight group, and the 120 in the grades 1 and 2 obesity groups. Radial artery occlusion (RAO) was observed in 29 (6.8%) patients and the hematoma was observed in 43 (10.1%) patients. The rate of RAO and hematoma did not differ across the BMI tertiles ( P = .749 and P = .066). Also, peak ACT and procedure duration did not differ between the study groups ( P = .703 and P = .999). The only independent predictor of hematoma was sheath/radial artery diameter ( P = .011) and the independent predictors for RAO were peak ACT, sheath/radial artery diameter, and procedure duration ( P = .001, P = .028, and P < .001, respectively). In conclusion, a fixed dose of 5000 IU UFH is safe and effective regardless of the BMI in diagnostic TRCA procedure.

Comparison of the predictive accuracy of four different ECG algorithms in identification of true ablation site for the idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardias.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the accuracy of four algorithms in prediction of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) tachycardias in patients who successfully underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation. METHODS: Four algorithms; two with easy-applicability and having a memorable design (Dixit and Joshi), and two with more complex and detailed design (Ito and Zhang) were compared according to the predictive accuracy. RESULTS: Among 99 patients (mean age 36.5 ± 8.5 years, 39.4% male), there were 51 (51.5%) septal-located and 48 (48.5%) free-wall located RVOT tachycardia. Comparison of the predictive accuracy of the algorithms showed that Zhang (91.9%) was the best algorithm for prediction of either septal or free-wall located tachycardia. The second best algorithm was the Ito (77.7%) compared to Dixit (75.8%) and Joshi (70.7%). CONCLUSION: In patients with RVOT tachycardia, algorithms with a detailed design may predict the arrhythmia location better than the easy-applicable algorithms.

The Association Between Serum Procalcitonin Levels and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by SYNTAX Score in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

The SYNTAX score (SX score) is a useful score for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have demonstrated a close relationship between SX score and inflammation. Procalcitonin (PCT) is an early inflammatory marker, especially during sepsis. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SX score and serum PCT levels. A total of 545 patients were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study and were divided into 2 subgroups, according to their SX score. Serum PCT and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were measured. Serum PCT levels were higher in the high SX score group compared to the low-intermediate SX score group (P < .001). Serum PCT levels were an independent predictor of a high SX score in patients with acute coronary syndrome (P = .001). As patients with a higher SX score had increased serum PCT levels on admission, serum PCT may be useful for identifying patients with severe CAD.

Post-discharge heart failure monitoring program in Turkey: Hit-PoinT.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and feasibility of an enhanced heart failure (HF) education with a 6-month telephone follow- up program in post-discharge ambulatory HF patients. METHODS: The Hit-Point trial was a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of enhanced HF education with a 6-month telephone follow-up program (EHFP) vs routine care (RC) in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction. A total of 248 patients from 10 centers in various geographical areas were randomized: 125 to EHFP and 123 to RC. Education included information on adherence to treatment, symptom recognition, diet and fluid intake, weight monitoring, activity and exercise training. Patients were contacted by telephone after 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary study endpoint was cardiovascular death. RESULTS: Although all-cause mortality didn't differ between the EHFP and RC groups (p=NS), the percentage of cardiovascular deaths in the EHFP group was significantly lower than in the RC group at the 6-month follow up (5.6% vs. 8.9%, p=0.04). The median number of emergency room visits was one and the median number of all cause hospitalizations and heart failure hospitalizations were zero. Twenty-tree percent of the EHFP group and 35% of the RC group had more than a median number of emergency room visits (p=0.05). There was no significant difference regarding the median number of all-cause or heart failure hospitalizations. At baseline, 60% of patients in EHFP and 61% in RC were in NYHA Class III or IV, while at the 6-month follow up only 12% in EHFP and 32% in RC were in NYHA Class III or IV (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the potential clinical benefits of an enhanced HF education and follow up program led by a cardiologist in reducing cardiovascular deaths and number of emergency room visits with an improvement in functional capacity at 6 months in post-discharge ambulatory HF patients.

Relation Between End-Procedural Activated Clotting Time Values and Radial Artery Occlusion Rate With Standard Fixed-Dose Heparin After Transradial Cardiac Catheterization.

Although heparin administration has reduced the incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) during the transradial coronary angiography (TRCA), the effective activated clotting time (ACT) value for guiding unfractionated heparin dosing in patients undergoing TRCA is unknown. Four hundred thirty-two patients who were scheduled for elective TRCA were enrolled in our prospective study. All the patients received a standard dose of 5,000 IU unfractionated heparin. Anticoagulation level was assessed by ACT measurements that were taken at the end of the procedure just before the sheath removal. The day after TRCA, all patients were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound to detect RAO. RAO was found in 29 patients (6.7%). A median ACT of 205 seconds in the RAO group and 265 seconds in the radial artery patent group were detected (p <0.001). Mean procedure duration was significantly longer in the RAO group than in the radial artery patent group (18.55 ± 9.80 vs 11.24 ± 7.07 minutes, p <0.001). There was a negative correlation between end-procedural ACT and procedure duration (r = -0.117, p = 0.015). In multivariate analysis, end-procedural ACT (odds ratio 0.981, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.972 to 0.989, p <0.001), procedure duration (odds ratio 1.076, 95% CI, 1.037 to 1.116, p <0.001), and radial artery diameter (odds ratio 0.240, 95% CI 0.063 to 0.907, p = 0.035) were found as independent predictors of RAO. In conclusion, shorter end-procedural ACT levels, longer procedural duration, and smaller radial arterial diameter were independently associated with RAOs after TRCA with standard-dose heparin. In prolonged procedures, ACT-based heparin dosing may be useful to overcome RAO.

The association between mean platelet volume and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast or left atrial thrombus in patients with mitral stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: Although the role of platelet activation has been debated in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC), data on differences in mean platelet volume (MPV) according to the presence of SEC/left atrial thrombus and the rhythm status are lacking. In this study, MPV was analyzed in patients with MS according to the presence of SEC/left atrial thrombus. METHODS: Between January 2005 and March 2014, 188 symptomatic patients having moderate or severe MS (mean age, 45.0±11.7 years; female, 81.4%) with favorable valve morphology for percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) and underwent a transesophageal echocardiogram to assess the eligibility for PMBV were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The relation between MPV and echocardiographic thromboembolic risk factors were evaluated. Independent predictors of SEC/left atrial thrombus presence were determined by multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Among all patients, MPV did not differ according to the rhythm status or the presence of SEC/left atrial thrombus (p>0.05). Also, MPV did not vary according to the gender and presence of prior stroke in both atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm groups (p>0.05). In correlation analysis, MPV did not show any significant correlation with the echocardiographic thrombus predictors (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Using MPV with echocardiographic and clinical thrombus risk determinants for predicting individual thromboembolism risk in MS is debatable according to our results.

Usefulness of the Macruz Index for Predicting Successful Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty in Patients with Mitral Stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the Macruz index (P/P-R segment) could predict the severity of valvular involvement and the success of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients with MS eligible for PMBV and 72 healthy subjects (61 females and 11 males) with sinus rhythm were enrolled into this study. PMBV was performed in all patients using a percutaneous transseptal antegrade approach and a multitrack balloon technique. The P/P-R segment ratio and echocardiographic variables were measured before and 48-72 h after the procedure. The optimal cutoff point for differences in the Macruz index to determine clinical success was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis by calculating the area under the curve as giving the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity for the significant test. RESULTS: In the patient group (mean age 42.9 ± 11.1 years), the preprocedural Macruz index was significantly higher than in the control group (2.79 ± 1.03 vs. 1.29 ± 0.11; p < 0.001). In the successful-procedure group (n = 53), the mean postindex value was significantly lower (2.12 ± 0.71 vs. 2.81 ± 1.0, p = 0.020), and the decrease in the Macruz index was significantly higher than in the unsuccessful-procedure group (p = 0.007). An index decrease of 0.105 was the best cutoff value to distinguish the successful-PMBV group from the unsuccessful- PMBV group (area under the curve = 0.888, 95% confidence interval 0.788-0.988, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Macruz index was significantly higher in patients with MS compared to healthy subjects. A greater decrease in the Macruz index was associated with a successful PMBV.

Comparison of health-related quality of life among patients using novel oral anticoagulants or warfarin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures between novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin-treated Turkish patients who had been started on oral anticoagulants (OACs) due to non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and to determine the effects of OACs on patient's emotional status, anxiety and depression. METHODS: A total of 182 patients older than 18 years with non-valvular AF and being treated with OACs for at least 6 months according to current AF guidelines who were admitted to outpatient clinics between July 2014 and January 2015 were included in this cross-sectional study. The exclusion criteria were receiving OACs for conditions other than non-valvular AF and being unable to answer the questionnaire. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to evaluate HRQoL, depression and anxiety. The mean differences between the groups were compared using Student's t-test; the Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparisons of the medians. RESULTS: The annual number of hospital admissions was significantly higher in the warfarin group (p<0.001), and all HRQoL scores were significantly lower and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score was higher in the warfarin group (p<0.001). History of any type of bleeding was significantly higher in the warfarin group (p<0.001). However, none of the patients had major bleeding. Among patients who experienced bleeding, all HRQoL scores were significantly lower and HADS score was significantly higher (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Warfarin-treated patients had higher levels of self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety and compromised HRQoL when compared with NOAC-treated patients. The results may be explained by higher rates of bleeding episodes and higher number of hospital admissions, which may cause restrictions in life while on warfarin treatment.

Perceived Benefits of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation among Heart Failure Patients and Its Relation to Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with heart failure (HF) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) may misunderstand the indication of ICDs due to unsatisfactory information. The goal of this study is to evaluate the patient perspective of ICD indication and its relation to quality of life, as well as to identify probable communication gaps between doctors and ICD receivers. METHODS: A total of 119 patients with HF who were implanted with a single-chamber ICD were evaluated in outpatient clinics. Patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators were not included in the study. In a questionnaire, patients were asked about the indication of the ICD procedure and classified according to the perceived benefits. RESULTS: This study showed that most of the patients (n = 92, 77.3%) believed that ICD was implanted for improvement of heart dysfunction or for symptom relief. According to the perceived benefit groups, physical function, general health, vitality, and role physical scores were significantly lower in the symptom relief group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with HF and ICD mostly believed that the cardioverter defibrillator implanted for improving heart function or symptom relief. Doctors play a significant role when a patient is first referred for ICD because less-informed patients are more prone to misunderstand the procedure's benefits. Moreover, unfulfilled expectations may lead to loss of confidence in applied therapies and result in poor health outcomes.

Comparison of the accuracy of three algorithms in predicting accessory pathways among adult Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of three algorithms in predicting accessory pathway locations in adult patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in Turkish population. METHODS: A total of 207 adult patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. The most preexcited 12-lead electrocardiogram in sinus rhythm was used for analysis. Two investigators blinded to the patient data used three algorithms for prediction of accessory pathway location. RESULTS: Among all locations, 48.5% were left-sided, 44% were right-sided, and 7.5% were located in the midseptum or anteroseptum. When only exact locations were accepted as match, predictive accuracy for Chiang was 71.5%, 72.4% for d'Avila, and 71.5% for Arruda. The percentage of predictive accuracy of all algorithms did not differ between the algorithms (p = 1.000; p = 0.875; p = 0.885, respectively). The best algorithm for prediction of right-sided, left-sided, and anteroseptal and midseptal accessory pathways was Arruda (p < 0.001). Arruda was significantly better than d'Avila in predicting adjacent sites (p = 0.035) and the percent of the contralateral site prediction was higher with d'Avila than Arruda (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: All algorithms were similar in predicting accessory pathway location and the predicted accuracy was lower than previously reported by their authors. However, according to the accessory pathway site, the algorithm designed by Arruda et al. showed better predictions than the other algorithms and using this algorithm may provide advantages before a planned ablation.

Usefulness of notched duration to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy.

OBJECTIVES: The presence of notches in the biventricular paced QRS complex (BiP-QRS) from the posterolateral cardiac vein displays delays in the activation of the left ventricle and may consequently be linked with longer times of stimulus conduction. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the notch duration ≥ 0.1 mV in the BiP-QRS and the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). DESIGN: A total of 210 patients, who underwent de novo CRT implantation previously and had ≥ 1 follow-up between August 2009 and February 2014, were enrolled in the study. Echocardiographic response to CRT was defined as "an increase of ≥ 5% in ejection fraction" and clinical response to CRT was defined as "an improvement ≥ 1 in New York Heart Association class without heart failure hospitalization after 6 months of CRT implantation." RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 9.2 ± 2.1 months, 142 patients (67%) were classified as responders to CRT. BiP-QRS duration was significantly longer among non-responders compared with responders (p = 0.036). More of the non-responders have notched in their BiP-QRS than responders (63% vs. 40%, p = 0.002). Median duration of notch was significantly higher among non-responders (80 ms vs. 67.5 ms, p = 0.041). Notch duration > 67.5 ms was associated with 2.8 times higher non-response to therapy (odds ratio: 2.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.075-7.588, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with notch duration greater than 67.5 ms are associated with poor response to CRT. Notch duration > 67.5 ms predicts non-response to therapy with 50.0% specificity and 72.1% sensitivity.

The effect of hemodialysis on electrocardiographic parameters.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of premature deaths in hemodialysis patients. Due to rapid changes in volume and electrolyte concentration following dialysis, the some electrocardiographic (ECG) changes or arrhythmias might be seen. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of hemodialysis on the ECG parameters in patients with chronic end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHOD: We included the consecutive ESRD patients who underwent a hemodialysis. Before and after hemodialysis, some 12 lead ECG parameters were analyzed by two different cardiologists by using electronic digital caliper device. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients (mean 52 ± 15 years; 65% male) with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were recruited to the study. P-wave amplitude, QRS amplitude, QRS duration, QTc dispersion, the sum of amplitudes in V1S + V5R derivations, total QRS amplitude, and duration were significantly greater in posthemodialysis patients compared to the prehemodialysis ones. However, T-wave amplitude and QTc duration were significantly lower in posthemodialysis patients. CONCLUSION: The ECG changes including prolangated QRS and increased QTc interval after hemodialysis should be kept in mind and assessed carefully in ESRD patients. Prolongation of these parameters may prove to be a further noninvasive marker of susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias.

The effect of different circadian blood pressure rhythms on left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: Left ventricular (LV) synchronous contraction is impaired in patients with hypertension (HT). The deleterious effects of HT on cardiovascular system are more evident in patients with nondipper HT than dippers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nondipping HT on LV systolic synchronicity compared with dippers and controls. METHODS: One hundred patients with newly diagnosed essential HT and 50 normotensive subjects were enrolled in this study. The hypertensive patients were assigned 2 groups comprising 55 dippers and 45 nondippers. Each subject underwent a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination. The evaluation of systolic dyssynchrony was performed by tissue synchronization imaging, and the time to regional peak systolic tissue velocity (Ts) in LV was measured on the basis of 12 segmental models. The standard deviation (SD) of the 12 LV segments (Ts-SD-12) and maximal difference in Ts between any two of the 12 LV segments (Ts-12) were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the synchronicity indexes were significantly prolonged in the hypertensive patients. Furthermore, Ts-SD-12 and Ts-12 values were found to be significantly impaired in patients with nondipper HT, compared with dippers: Ts-SD-12 (38.1 ± 18.7 vs. 31.8 ± 15.4, P ≤ 0.001); Ts-12 (123.0 ± 50.6 vs. 98.4 ± 42.3, P ≤ 0.001). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between LV dyssynchrony indices and percentage decline in BP level from day to night. CONCLUSION: Synchronous systolic contraction of LV is found to be significantly impaired in patients with nondipping circadian pattern of HT compared with dippers and the controls.

An alternative noninvasive technique for the treatment of iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms: stethoscope-guided compression.

OBJECTIVE: latrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm is a well-known vascular access site complication. Many invasive and noninvasive techniques have been proposed for the management of this relatively common complication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate efficiency and safety of stethoscope-guided compression as a novel noninvasive technique in the femoral pseudoaneurysm treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively included 29 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of femoral pseudoaneurysm who underwent coronary angiography. Patients with a clinical suspicion of femoral pseudoaneurysm were referred to colour Doppler ultrasound evaluation. The adult (large) side of the stethoscope was used to determine the location where the bruit was best heard. Then compression with the paediatric (small) side of the stethoscope was applied until the bruit could no longer be heard and compression was maintained for at least two sessions. Once the bruit disappeared, a 12-hour bed rest with external elastic compression was advised to the patients, in order to prevent disintegration of newly formed thrombosis. Mean pseudoaneurysm size was 1.7 +/- 0.4 cmx 3.0 +/- 0.9 cm and the mean duration of compression was 36.2 +/- 8.5 minutes.Twenty-six (89.6%) of these 29 patients were successfully treated with stethoscope-guided compression. In 18 patients (62%), the pseuodoaneurysms were successfully closed after 2 sessions of 15-minute compression. No severe complication was observed. CONCLUSION: Stethoscope-guided compression of femoral pseudoaneurysms is a safe and effective novel technique which requires less equipment and expertise than other contemporary methods.

A new electrocardiographic marker of myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous intervention: the value of QRS duration.

AIMS: Although ischaemia-induced QRS complex changes have been described previously, their relation with reperfusion status is not clear. We aimed to investigate the relation of QRS duration with reperfusion at tissue level compared to myocardial blush in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight patients were enrolled. Based on the post-angioplasty myocardial blush grade (MBG), patients were divided into reperfusion (grades 2 and 3) and impaired reperfusion (grades 0 and 1) groups. Although the two groups did not differ in terms of admission QRS duration (81±17 vs. 79±15 msec, p=0.473), the patients in the impaired reperfusion group had a significantly longer QRS duration both at immediate post-angioplasty (78±18 vs. 68±17 msec, p=0.001) and at the 60th minute ECG (77±17 vs. 60±17 msec, p<0.001). Patients in the impaired reperfusion group revealed significantly less narrowing of QRS duration in the post-angioplasty 60th minute ECG (6±5 vs. 20±5 msec, p<0.001) when compared to the patients in the reperfusion group. After adjusting all variables, QRS narrowing in the 60th minute ECG was determined as an independent electrocardiographic predictor of reperfusion (OR:1.39, 95% CI: 1.25-1.54, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that QRS duration is a strong indicator of myocardial reperfusion status.