ABSTRACT
Substances of silver nanoparticles dialyzed through a 13 kDa membrane, synthesized in a medium of humic ligands modified with hydroquinone and 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone from PowHumus brown coal, specifically enhance the M2 properties of peritoneal macrophages due to inhibition of NO synthase and significant activation of arginase, thus enhancing anti-inflammatory properties of cells. In small, but effective concentrations, they do not have cytotoxic properties and do not contain pyrogenic impurities. The studied humates are able to influence the mechanisms of immune response formation and are an effective means for correcting inflammation and regeneration.
Subject(s)
Arginase , Arginine , Humic Substances , Macrophages, Peritoneal , Silver , Animals , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism , Mice , Arginine/pharmacology , Arginine/chemistry , Arginase/metabolism , Silver/chemistry , Silver/pharmacology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Hydroquinones/pharmacology , Hydroquinones/chemistry , Male , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Naphthoquinones/pharmacology , Naphthoquinones/chemistryABSTRACT
Humic acids isolated by sodium pyrophosphate extraction from various types of peat activate macrophages in the classical proinflammatory pathway and stimulate nitric oxide production by these cells. This effect is mediated by activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving MAPK p38, PI3K, MEK 1/2 kinase, cAMP, and NF-κB via TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptors.