ABSTRACT
Introducción: Las infecciones son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la frecuencia de infecciones en una cohorte histórica de la policlínica de EAS del Hospital Maciel, según tipo de enfermedad y tratamiento recibido. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, retrospectivo y observacional de 339 pacientes con EAS asistidos en la consulta ambulatoria en el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 28 de febrero del 2019. Se analizaron las complicaciones infecciosas, según tratamiento y enfermedad. Resultados: Se encontraron 339 casos, mediana de edad de 56, mayoría sexo femenino. La mayoría de los casos presentaron LES (30,1%) y AR (23,6%), seguidos de síndrome antifosfolipídico (20,4%) y síndrome de Sjögren (12,1%). La hidroxicloroquina (66%), seguida de los corticoides (55,5%) fueron los tratamientos más frecuentemente utilizados. El 13,3% recibieron terapias biológicas. 46,9% de los casos presentaron alguna complicación infecciosa, 95% fueron no oportunistas. Las infecciones respiratorias fueron las más frecuentes (48,6%), seguidas de las urinarias (31,7%) y de piel y partes blandas (17,6%). Al comparar los grupos de infectados y no infectados se hallaron diferencias significativas en las siguientes variables: metotrexate, micofenolato, corticoides, terapias biológicas, combinación de fármacos, enfermedad activa, AR y casos con solapamiento. El uso de hidroxicloroquina y sulfasalazina se asoció con menor riesgo de infecciones en pacientes con AR. Conclusiones: Las infecciones son una complicación frecuente en los pacientes con EAS, por las alteraciones inmunitarias de la propia enfermedad y por los tratamientos indicados, fundamentalmente corticoides y biológicos. Se destaca la importancia del cribado y profilaxis de infecciones antes del inicio del tratamiento.(AU)
Introduction: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study is to describe the frequency of infections in a historical cohort of the SAD polyclinic of the Maciel Hospital, according to the type of disease and treatment received. Material and methods: An analytical, retrospective and observational study was conducted in 339 patients with SAD attended at the outpatient clinic in the period from January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2019. Infectious complications were analysed according to treatment and disease. Results: 339 cases, median age 56, mostly female. Most cases presented SLE (30.1%) and RA (23.6%), followed by antiphospholipid syndrome (20.4%) and Sjögren's syndrome (12.1%). Hydroxychloroquine (66%), followed by corticosteroids (55.5%) were the most frequently used treatments. Thirteen point three percent received biological therapies: 46.9% of the cases presented some infectious complication, 95% were non-opportunistic. Respiratory infections were the most frequent (48.6%) followed by urinary infections (31.7%) and skin and soft tissue infections (17.6%). On comparing the infected and non-infected groups, significant differences were found in the following variables: methotrexate, mycophenolate, corticoids, biological therapies, combination of drugs, active disease, RA and cases with overlap. The use of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine was associated with a lower risk of infection in patients with RA. Conclusions: Infections are a frequent complication in patients with RA, due to the immune disturbances of the disease itself and prescribed treatments, mainly corticoids and biologicals. The importance of screening and infection prophylaxis before starting treatment is stressed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Autoimmune Diseases , Communicable Diseases , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Hydroxychloroquine , Sjogren's Syndrome , Biological Treatment , Immunosuppressive Agents , Rheumatology , Rheumatic Diseases , Retrospective Studies , UruguayABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study is to describe the frequency of infections in a historical cohort of the SAD polyclinic of the Maciel Hospital, according to the type of disease and treatment received. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical, retrospective and observational study was conducted in 339 patients with SAD attended at the outpatient clinic in the period from January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2019. Infectious complications were analysed according to treatment and disease. RESULTS: 339 cases, median age 56, mostly female. Most cases presented SLE (30.1%) and RA (23.6%), followed by antiphospholipid syndrome (20.4%) and Sjögren's syndrome (12.1%). Hydroxychloroquine (66%), followed by corticosteroids (55.5%) were the most frequently used treatments. Thirteen point three percent received biological therapies: 46.9% of the cases presented some infectious complication, 95% were non-opportunistic. Respiratory infections were the most frequent (48.6%) followed by urinary infections (31.7%) and skin and soft tissue infections (17.6%). On comparing the infected and non-infected groups, significant differences were found in the following variables: methotrexate, mycophenolate, corticoids, biological therapies, combination of drugs, active disease, RA and cases with overlap. The use of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine was associated with a lower risk of infection in patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS: Infections are a frequent complication in patients with RA, due to the immune disturbances of the disease itself and prescribed treatments, mainly corticoids and biologicals. The importance of screening and infection prophylaxis before starting treatment is stressed.
Subject(s)
Sjogren's Syndrome , Female , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Methotrexate , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sjogren's Syndrome/complicationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study is to describe the frequency of infections in a historical cohort of the SAD polyclinic of the Maciel Hospital, according to the type of disease and treatment received. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical, retrospective and observational study was conducted in 339 patients with SAD attended at the outpatient clinic in the period from January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2019. Infectious complications were analysed according to treatment and disease. RESULTS: 339 cases, median age 56, mostly female. Most cases presented SLE (30.1%) and RA (23.6%), followed by antiphospholipid syndrome (20.4%) and Sjögren's syndrome (12.1%). Hydroxychloroquine (66%), followed by corticosteroids (55.5%) were the most frequently used treatments. Thirteen point three percent received biological therapies: 46.9% of the cases presented some infectious complication, 95% were non-opportunistic. Respiratory infections were the most frequent (48.6%) followed by urinary infections (31.7%) and skin and soft tissue infections (17.6%). On comparing the infected and non-infected groups, significant differences were found in the following variables: methotrexate, mycophenolate, corticoids, biological therapies, combination of drugs, active disease, RA and cases with overlap. The use of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine was associated with a lower risk of infection in patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS: Infections are a frequent complication in patients with RA, due to the immune disturbances of the disease itself and prescribed treatments, mainly corticoids and biologicals. The importance of screening and infection prophylaxis before starting treatment is stressed.
ABSTRACT
El Vemurafenib es un inhibidor de la enzima serina/treonina quinasa BRAF utilizado en el tratamiento de pacientes con melanoma con diseminación loco-rregional y enfermedad metastásica, portadores de la mutación V600E del gen BRAF. Se ha asociado a múltiples efectos adversos cutáneos de los cuales se destaca la posibilidad de generar cambios en los nevos melanocíticos, aparición de nuevos nevos e incluso de segundos melanomas. El seguimiento digital dermatoscópico con mapeo corporal, ha demostrado utilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de melanoma.Presentamos dos casos clínicos de pacientes con ante-cedentes de melanoma en tratamiento con inhibido-res de BRAF (BRAFi) e inhibidores de BRAF y MEK (MEKi) en quienes se realizó seguimiento digital der-matoscópico con mapeo corporal. Se detectaron cambios en nevos melanocíticos preexistentes, aparición segundos melanomas y metástasis cutáneas.El grupo de pacientes con antecedentes de melanoma y en tratamiento con BRAFi o combinación de BRA-Fi y MEKi se beneficia especialmente del control der-matológico con seguimiento digital dermatoscópico y mapeo corporal.
Vemurafenib is an inhibitor of the serine / threonine kinase BRAF enzyme currently used in the treatment of patients with locoregional spread and metastatic melanoma carriers of the mutationV600E of the BRAF gene. It has been associated with multiple cu-taneous adverse effects including changes in melanocytic nevi, appearance of new nevi and even second melanomas. Dermoscopic digital follow-up with total body mapping has proven useful in the early diagnosis of melanoma.We present two cases of patients with a history of me-lanoma in treatment with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) and inhibitors of BRAF and MEK (MEKi) in whom a digital dermoscopic follow-up was performed with body mapping. Changes in preexisting melanocytic nevi, second melanomas and cutaneous metastases were detected.The group of patients with a history of melanoma and in treatment with BRAFi or a combination of BRAFi and MEKi especially benefits from dermato-logical surveillance with digital dermoscopic follow-up and total body mapping.
