ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to grow all over the world. Neurological manifestations related to COVID-19, including acute ischemic Stroke (AIS), have been reported in recent studies. In most of these, the patients are older, have multiple co-morbidities as risk factors for AIS and have developed a severe respiratory illness. Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with no significant past medical history who recently recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection and presented with unusual pattern of arterial macrothrombosis causing AIS. When the AIS happened, he had no COVID-19 related symptoms, had two negative screening tests for the infection and his chest CT was unremarkable.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/etiology , COVID-19/complications , Carotid Stenosis/etiology , Intracranial Thrombosis/etiology , Stroke/etiology , Adult , Age Factors , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Brain Ischemia/therapy , COVID-19/diagnosis , Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Stenosis/therapy , Heparin/administration & dosage , Humans , Intracranial Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Thrombosis/therapy , Male , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Stroke/therapy , Thrombectomy , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Vasospasm, Intracranial , Brain , Cerebral Angiography , Humans , InfarctionSubject(s)
Brain Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Medulla Oblongata/diagnostic imaging , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Vasospasm, Intracranial/complications , Vasospasm, Intracranial/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Brain Infarction/etiology , Cerebral Angiography , Functional Laterality , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complicationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A recent study found that NuvaRing (a vaginal contraceptive ring containing 15 µg ethinyl estradiol and 120 µg etonogestrel) has 2.5 times increased relative risk of thrombotic stroke compared to nonuse. OBJECTIVE: We studied a case series of 19 such patients as well as prior published case reports to clarify clinical, radiological, and prognostic features. METHODS: Medical records and imaging for 18 cases were initially systematically reviewed for consultation in a class action lawsuit. One case was seen personally outside of litigation. All 19 cases were entered into a database detailing clinical, radiological, and prognostic features as well as other potential risk factors. A literature search identified 8 additional cases. RESULTS: Average age at stroke was 31.7 ± 9.8 years; average duration of NuvaRing use prior to stroke was 11.2 months. Arterial stroke occurred in 10 of 19 (52%); 1 of 10 (10%) was hemorrhagic. Venous sinus thrombosis was present in 11 of 19 (58%) on initial imaging; 6 of 11 (54%) were hemorrhagic. The most common presenting symptom was headache (7 of 19 [37%]) and motor weakness (7 of 19 [37%]). A hypercoagulable condition was present in 3 of 19 (16%); 3 of 19 (16%) had history of hypercoagulable disease in a first-degree relative. Mortality was .5%; 8 of 19 (42%) fully recovered and 3 of 19 (15%) were discharged to rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: In this largest case series of NuvaRing-associated stroke to date, approximately half of the strokes are venous and half are arterial. Stroke typically occurred within the first year of use, and as soon as 2 weeks after NuvaRing initiation.