Zebrafish tumour xenograft models: a prognostic approach to epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the gynaecological malignancy with highest mortality. Although adjuvant treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel leads to an objective response in ~80% of these patients, a majority will relapse within two years. Better methods for assessing long-term treatment outcomes are needed. To address this, we established safe and efficacious doses of carboplatin and paclitaxel using IGROV-1 zebrafish-CDX models. Then fluorescently-labelled cell suspensions from 83 tumour biopsies collected at exploratory laparotomy of women with suspected EOC were generated and 37 (45%) were successfully implanted in zebrafish larvae. Among these 19 of 27 pathology-confirmed EOC samples (70%) engrafted. These zebrafish patient-derived tumour xenograft (ZTX) models were treated with carboplatin or paclitaxel and tumour growth/regression and metastatic dissemination were recorded. In a subgroup of nine patients, four ZTX models regressed during carboplatin treatment. All four corresponding patients had >24 months PFS. Furthermore, both ZTX models established from two patients having <24 months PFS failed to regress during carboplatin treatment. Seven of eight models seeding <6 metastatic cells were established from patients having >24 months PFS. In eleven of fourteen patients, FIGO stage I + II or III tumours gave rise to ZTX models seeding <4 or >4 metastatic cells, respectively. In conclusion, ZTX models predicted patients having >24 or <24 months PFS, based on response/no response to carboplatin. Furthermore, high metastatic dissemination in ZTX models correlated to shorter PFS and more advanced disease at diagnosis. These preliminary results suggest that ZTX models could become a useful prognostic tool in EOC treatment planning.

A new scoring system for prediction of meniscal repair in traumatic meniscal tears.

PURPOSE: Traditionally, MRI has not been used to predict meniscus tear reparability. An attempt has been made in this study to predict meniscal reparability using MRI, and a new scoring system to help with the same has been developed and tested. METHODS: Thirty repaired menisci were compared with equal number of meniscectomy cases retrospectively. Various clinical and radiological (radiographs and MRI) characteristics like chronicity of tear, pattern of tear, etc, were tabulated. Based on their association with the outcome of repair or meniscectomy, odds ratio of each attribute were calculated. A scoring system-Ortho One PROMT Score (Prediction of Reparability of Meniscal Tears)-to predict meniscal repair was formulated. Using this score, meniscus surgery outcomes were prospectively predicted in 120 cases and results tabulated. RESULTS: The newly devised Ortho One PROMT score predicted medial meniscus repair with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 93.2% and medial meniscectomy with a sensitivity of 93.2% and a specificity of 90.9%. It predicts lateral meniscus repair with a sensitivity of 69.2% of patients and lateral meniscectomy with a sensitivity of 78.8% of patients. CONCLUSION: Ortho One PROMT score is a useful scoring system to predict the outcomes of meniscus surgery preoperatively. It uses a combination of clinical and radiological (MRI and plain radiograph) characteristics. With this scoring system, both the surgeon and the patient are better prepared preoperatively regarding the outcome of a particular meniscus surgery. The scoring shall make day-to-day arthroscopic meniscus surgery less stressful. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Os acromiale open reduction and internal fixation: a review of iliac crest autogenous bone grafting and local bone grafting.

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic os acromiale are fairly uncommon, and treatment has included fragment excision, decompression, and open reduction and internal fixation. Nonunion rates as high as 40% have been reported after fixation of os acromiale. This study assessed whether union of an os acromiale could be reliably achieved without the use of an iliac crest bone graft. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 32 consecutive shoulders that were treated with screw fixation and a local bone graft or iliac crest bone graft. The mean age was 50.3 years (range, 21-74 years), and the mean follow-up was 46.9 months (range, 12-120 months). Fusion was assessed clinically and radiologically. RESULTS: All 32 os acromiale were fused by 3 months on x-ray imaging. There were 18 shoulders in the iliac crest bone graft group and 14 in the local bone graft group. Rotator cuff repairs were performed concomitantly in 25 patients. Hardware was removed in 4 patients, a seroma was drained in 1 patient, and a superficial infection occurred in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: This is the largest study of os acromiale fixation using screws and a tension band to our knowledge. We report a 100% union rate using this technique, with 13% requiring hardware removal and the occurrence of 1 superficial infection. This study shows a local bone graft is as effective as iliac crest bone graft in achieving fusion.

Evaluation of microshear bond strength and nanoleakage of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide: An in vitro study.

AIMS: The aim of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of etch-and-rinse and self-etch (ER and SE) bonding systems to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) and nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interface using transmission electron microscope (TEM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two dentin slabs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from extracted human permanent third molars and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on the dentin surface treatment as follows: (1) ER adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; (2) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by ER adhesive bonding; (3) SE adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; and (4) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by SE adhesive bonding. Resin composite was built on the dentin slabs to a height of 4 mm incrementally, and dentin-composite beams of approximately 1 mm 2 cross-sectional area were prepared. The beams were subjected to MSBS analysis, and the fractured surface was observed under scanning electron microscope to determine the mode of failure. The resin-dentin interface was examined under TEM for evaluation of nanoleakage. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI increased the MSBS of ER and SE adhesives, though not statistically significant, except between Groups 2 and 3. In all the groups, the predominant mode of failure was adhesive followed by cohesive in resin, mixed and cohesive in dentin. TEM examination of resin-dentin interface showed that pretreatment with 38% SDF/KI reduced nanoleakage regardless of the type of bonding system used. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI minimized nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interface without adversely affecting the bond strength of resin composite to dentin.

Outcome of arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repair: Are the results improving with improved techniques and equipment?: A retrospective case series.

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. More recently, there has been a renewed interest in understanding the subscapularis tears. There are multiple articles in the literature showing the short term results of isolated subscapularis tendon repair. However, the midterm and long term outcome studies for arthroscopic subscapularis repair are few. This study evaluates the functional outcome after arthroscopic subscapularis repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 35 patients who underwent an arthroscopic subscapularis repair between May 2008 and June 2012 were included in this retrospective study. The records of all patients were reviewed. There were 22 males and 13 female patients with mean age of 58.2 years (range 41-72 years). All patients had a complete history, physical examination, and radiographs of their shoulders. Visual analogue scale (VAS), range of movements, power of cuff muscles, and modified University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score were assessed. RESULTS: The mean followup was 2.8 years (range 2-4 year). Functional outcome after arthroscopic subscapularis repair has an excellent outcome as analysed by clinical outcome, VAS score and UCLA score. Results were analyzed and had statistically significant values. The VAS for pain improved significantly (P < 0.001), and the mean modified UCLA score improved significantly (P < 0.001) from 14.24 ± 4.72 preoperatively to 33.15 ± 2.29 at 2 years postoperative. According to the UCLA system, there were 22 excellent, 11 good, and 2 fair results. Around 95% of patients returned to their usual work after surgery. CONCLUSION: At a median followup of 2 years, 95% of patients had a good to excellent result after an arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repair. We conclude that the midterm results show that arthroscopic subscapularis repair remains a good option for the treatment of patients with subscapularis tendon repair.