Unveiling Tuberous Sclerosis in a Diagnosed Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Rare Coincidence.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease presenting a variable clinical course ranging from mild to severe multiorgan dysfunction. While the exact etiology of SLE remains elusive, genetic and environmental factors are known to play crucial roles in its pathogenesis. Similarly, tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant genetic condition that manifests as benign hamartomatous proliferation in various organs. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman diagnosed with SLE who exhibited clinical features of TSC two decades after the initial diagnosis of SLE. The definitive diagnosis of TSC was made based on major clinical criteria, including facial angiofibroma and bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. As the patient remained asymptomatic without neurological complications, specific treatment for TSC was not initiated. The coexistence of SLE and TSC is exceedingly rare and has been scarcely reported in medical literature.

Overcoming Diagnostic Challenges: A Rare Presentation of Primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a Young Female and the Importance of Timely Recognition.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe life-threatening hematological disorder characterized by the dysregulation of the immune system and a hyperinflammatory response. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent fatality. Although primarily affecting infants, HLH can also occur in children and adults. It is classified as primary and secondary, with primary HLH being genetic and predominantly affecting children. Secondary HLH is triggered by infections, malignancy, metabolic disorders, and rheumatological conditions. Diagnosis is based on the HLH-2004 criteria, considering clinical and laboratory parameters. Early diagnosis and treatment improve prognosis. Treatment follows the HLH-94 and HLH-2004 protocol and consists of eight weeks of induction therapy with cyclosporine, corticosteroids, and etoposide. This case describes a 26-year-old female diagnosed with HLH and successfully treated according to the protocol. The patient exhibited improvement and was discharged, demonstrating the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management in adult HLH cases.