[The comparative characteristics of the indices of lymphocyte and neutrophil functional activity in patients with HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis B]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika nekotorykh pokazatelei funktsional'noi aktivnosti limfotsitov i neitrofilov u bol'nykh s infektsiei VICh i khronicheskim virusnym gepatitom B.

In 34 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the asymptomatic stage and 29 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B at the period of exacerbation (of these 14 patients had chronic persistent hepatitis and 15 patients had chronic active hepatitis) the complex study of the functional activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils was carried out by cytochemical methods with the simultaneous determination of the content of immunoregulating lymphocyte subpopulations. In patients with chronic active hepatitis a decrease in the percentage and the absolute number of helper T-lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4/8 in comparison with those in patients with HIV infection were revealed. At the same time patients with HIV infection exhibited more pronounced decrease in the activity of all lymphocytic enzymes under study (neutrophil esterase, acidic phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in lymphocytes), as well as in the activity of myeloperoxidase and the content of cation proteins and glycogen in neutrophils in comparison with patients having chronic active hepatitis.

[The cellular immune response in different forms of diphtheria in adults]. / Kletochnyi immunnyi otvet pri razlichnykh formakh difterii u vzroslykh.

In 109 adult diphtheria patients with different forms of the disease (toxic, subtoxic, localized) and carriers, the latter including 6 persons having had the localized form of diphtheria, 12 different subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and neutrophils were studied by the methods of rosette formation with sheep, mouse and bovine red blood cells. The study showed that, starting from week 2 of the disease, an increase in the content of the subpopulations under study was registered in all forms of diphtheria; the disease, as well as in patients with the localized form of the disease accompanied by complications and in long-term carriers. In all forms of diphtheria a decrease in the content of neutrophil rosette-forming cells was shown. The marker tests for prognostication of the complicated course of the disease, viz. the elevated content of M-rosette-forming cell and T gamma-rosette-forming cells during the first week of then disease, were established.

[The lymphocyte populations at different stages in the infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus]. / Populiatsii limfotsitov na razlichnykh stadiiakh infektsii, vyzvannoi virusom immunodefitsita cheloveka.

In 58 persons infected with HIV the comparative study of the content of immunocompetent cells was carried out by the methods of rosette formation and immunofluorescence with the use of monoclonal antibodies. An increase in the content of rosette-forming cells (RFC), such as active E-RFC, E-RFC, theophylline-resistant E-RFC and M-FRC, in asymptomatic seropositive persons was established. At this stage of the disease the amount of lymphocytes T4 and T8 and their ratio underwent no essential changes. At the stage of lymphoadenopathy an increase in the content of lymphocytes T8, more pronounced in patients with secondary infectious lesions, was noted. At this stage a decrease in T4/T8 ratio appeared for the first time. A high level of rosette-forming lymphocytes was still observed both at this period and at the period of clinically developed AIDS, while the level of lymphocytes T4 sharply dropped in such patients.

[Effect of reaferon on the functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils of volunteers]. / Vliianie reaferona na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' limfotsitov i neitrofilov perifericheskoi krovi dobrovol'tsev.

The administration of Reaferon, the analog of human alpha 2-interferon obtained by means of gene engineering technigues, to 25 volunteers revealed the ability of small doses of this preparation to produce a stimulating effect on the capacity of lymphocytes and neutrophils for rosette formation. When introduced in large doses, the preparation sharply suppressed this capacity. A significant decrease in the T- and B-lymphocyte count, as well as in the neutrophil count, was noted. These changes persisted for 7 days after the course of Reaferon injections had been over. The intravenous injection of the preparation produced more pronounced effect than its intramuscular injection in the same doses. No essential changes in the count of the precursor cells of both T- and B-lymphocytes were registered.

[Lymphoid tissue reaction in experimental salmonellosis]. / Reaktsiia limfotkani pri éksperimental'nom sal'monelleze.

Experimental Salmonella infection in rabbits was accompanied by immunomorphological transformation, starting in the ileum and the cervical lymph node on day 3, and in the popliteal lymph node on day 5 after inoculation. The intensity of immunomorphological reaction depended on the severity of the course of salmonellosis, and at the peak of the disease it depended on the degree of manifestation of intestinal pathology. The presence of salmonellae in the intestinal tissue, and particularly in the tissue of the ileum, facilitated the development of more pronounced and prolonged immunomorphological reaction in the mucous membrane of the ileum.

[State of the small intestine in rabbits with salmonella infections]. / Sostoianie tonkoi kishki pri salmonelleznoi infektsii krolikov.

The paper is concerned with the results of morphological and biochemical studies of the duodenum and ileum in young rabbits with salmonellosis. It was shown that all the parts of the small intestine were involved into the pathological process. Enzymopathy developed in the presence of acute catarrhal inflammation and erosive enteritis accompanied by ulceration of necrotized lymph follicles of Peyer's patches of the small intestine. The activity of maltase and alkaline phosphatase was found to be most vulnerable. Of crucial significance in the development of diarrhea in experimental young rabbits were pronounced morphological alterations and derangement of enzyme-forming function in the small intestine.

[Characteristics of the morphofunctional state of the adrenals in generalized forms of meningococcal infection]. / Osobennosti morfofunktsional'nogo sostoianiia nadpochechnikov pri generalizovannykh formakh meningokokkovoi infektsii.

Changes in the cortical and medullar substances of the adrenals were found to develop in generalized forms of meningococcal infection, the picture of the adrenal involvement changing in relation to the clinical form of infection. In meningococcemia, the leading findings are disturbed circulation and marked affection of the vessel walls in the microcirculatory bed. In meningitis, with spasm of arterioles and small arteries and involvement of the large arteries most important are dystrophic changes in the adrenal parenchyma which depend upon the duration of the disease. Constant finding of lipids, cholesteron and RNA in cells of the extended cortex and RNA, noradrenaline and adrenaline in chromaffin cells, as well as cell proliferation indicate the functional activity and high potentials of the adrenals.

[Demonstration of the noradrenaline-and adrenaline-secreting cells of the adrenal medulla in laboratory animals and man]. / K voprosu o vyiavlenii noradrenalin- i adrenalin-sekretiruiushchikh kletok mozgovogo veshchestva nadpochechnikov laboratornykh zhivotnykh i cheloveka.

A comparative study of four histochemical methods of estimation of noradrenaline- and adrenaline-secreting cells in the adrenal medulla of laboratory animals and man was carried out at different terms after death and depending on the temperature of tissue storage before their histochemical treatment. It was stated that light histochemical method of Honoré and luminescent method of El-Badawi and Schenk are highly specific and make it possible to estimate the amount and location of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla of man and animals. The advantage of honorés method is that it allows to differentiate, at light level, noradrenaline-secreting cells from adrenaline-secreting ones and consider their structural peculiarities. /ence, this method can be recommended for differential study of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla of laboratory animals and man.

[Changes in the adrenal glands in menigococcemia]. / Izmeneniia nadpochechnikov pri meningokoktsemii

Post-mortem morphological, histochemical, and morphometric investigations of the adrenals in 46 deceased patients who suffered from meningococcemia with and without lesions of the meninges were carried out. The control group was composed of 7 practically healthy persons who had perished suddenly as a result of craniocerebral trauma. It was shown that the adrenals might often be seriously damaged in meningococcemia without clinical and morphological signs of meningitis. Hemodynamic disorders, in particular, involvement of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, contributed considerably to the lesions of the adrenals. However, even in meningococcemia free from signs of meningitis, in a number of cases individual areas of the cortex retained a high functional activity. In meningococcemia combined with lesions of the meninges, despite considerable damage of the cortical layer, in the majority of cases there were evidences of the tense functioning of the adrenal cells.

[Morphological characteristics of an experimental dysenteric infection reproduced against a background of reduced intestinal mucosal resistance]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika éksperimental'noi dizenteriinoi infektsii, vosproizvedennoi na fone snizheniia rezistentnosti slizistoi obolochki kishechnika

The authors present the results of experimental-morphological study of the intestine and other internal organs of guinea pigs subjected and not subjected to starvation infected with a dysentery culture against the background of antiepithelial serum. A marked form of the infectious process with erosive-ulcerative affection of the cecum mostly developed in 70% of the former and in 58.8% of the latter animals.