Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus and other viral agents of diarrhea in children and adults in Russia, 2005-2007.

During a 2-year period in 2005-2007, we conducted surveillance of group A rotaviruses and other enteric agents among patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in 8 different cities of the Russian Federation. Fecal specimens were gathered from 3208 children (including 2848 children aged <5 years) and 1354 adults who were admitted to hospitals in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Tyumen, Khabarovsk, Makhachkala, and Yakutsk. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect rotaviruses of groups A and C, noroviruses of genogroups I and II, astrovirus, sapovirus, and enteric adenoviruses (group F). Group A rotavirus was the most common viral pathogen detected among children aged <5 years (43.6%), followed by norovirus (12.5%), whereas norovirus was the pathogen most commonly detected in adults (11.9%). P and G genotypes were determined for 515 rotavirus specimens, and the most prevalent genotypes were G1P[8] (44.9%), G4P[8] (40.0%), G2P[4] (8.5%), and G3P[8] (6.6%). This study is the first multicenter study of rotaviruses in the Russian Federation and documents the important burden of disease caused by this pathogen, which soon may be preventable by vaccination.

[Season and age related structure of acute intestinal infections morbidity in the Russian Federation].

AIM: To study seasonal and age features of etiological structure of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the territory of the RF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 7388 AII inpatients aged from 1 day to 90 years from 7 cities (Moscow, St-Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Makhachkala and Khabarovsk) of the RF participated in a trial conducted from December 2001 to September 2006 The patients were examined with diagnostic tests based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of rotaviruses of group A (RVA), noroviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, salmonella, termophilic campilobacteria, shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). RESULTS: The above agents were detected in 72% children and 52% adults. In children RVA and noroviruses occurred most frequently (29.5% and 11%, respectively). The adults carried most often salmonella (9.3%), noroviruses (8.4%), RVA (7.8%) and Schigella in combination with EIEC (7.0%). CONCLUSION: Viral agents are essential or prevailing causative agents of AII at different ages. Seasonal and age-related trends of AII morbidity are characterized.

[Cardiopathy in infectious diseases: clinical and pathogenetic aspects of diagnosis]. / Porazhenie serdtsa pri infektsionnykh bolezniakh: kliniko-patogeneticheskie aspekty diagnostiki.

The disease of cardiovascular system is one of the causes of invalidity and unfavorable outcomes. Together with such common diseases as rheumatism, hypertension, atherosclerosis that cause the development of cardiovascular insufficiency there are many other diseases including the infectious one that have rather unfavorable influence on the myocardium and vascular system. The disorders in cardiovascular functions at acute infectious diseases are noted frequently (80%) and closely connected with total pathogenesis of the disease. They influence the clinical course and outcomes of infectious process. Follow-up of the infectious patients and conduction of rational and especially intensive therapy require the wide functional control of cardiovascular state at different stages of the disease. The work shows our great experience in development of the problem of clinical-and-electrocardiographic investigations in infectious patients. The critical analysis of the problem condition today according to the literature data is presented. The material is based on the investigation of about 25 thousand patients treated in the clinic of infectious diseases of the Military Medical Academy for the last 30 years.

[Ecology and clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of intestinal anthroponosis in troops]. / Ekologiia i kliniko-épidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika virusnykh kishechnykh antroponozov v voiskakh.

The change of the dominant strains of intestinal viruses in the different regions of Russia during 1980-2001 was analyzed. In the North-Western regions the following dynamics was observed: enteroviruses ECHO 4, 6, 14, 30, Koksaki B 5, 6, ECHO 4, 11, 20, rotaviruses, new enteroviruses (serotypes 68-71). The last years the polytype of agents is registered. The prevalence of enteroviruses Koksaki A5, B5, ECHO 7, 13, 24, 30, new enteroviruses (serotype 70) is observed in the Far-Eastern region of Russia. Koksaki A, B, ECHO, new enteroviruses (serotypes 70, 71) were noted in the Central and Southern regions. The standard bacteriological examination of 158 patients who had come from the epidemic focus of acute intestinal infections (AII) showed that the agents were in 33 (21%) patients (in 19%--Sh. Flexneri 2a and in 2%--EPIR O124). In the remaining 125 (79%) persons the etiological agent wasn't detected. The additional investigation of fecal and blood samples obtained from all admitted patients showed that among the AII agents of uncertain etiology rotaviruses (49%), ECHO viruses (18%) and Koksaki A (8%) prevailed.