Clinical and sociodemographic evaluation of peri-implant health of implant retained prostheses fabricated with an immediate oclusal loading protocol / Avaliação clínica e sociodemográfica da saúde peri-implantar de próteses retidas em implantes fabricadas com um protocolo de carga oclusal imediata

ABSTRACT Introduction Dental implant therapy, when well planned, can contribute to the patient's quality of life and is an important tool for solving a serious public health problem in various parts of the world. Objective This study investigated peri-implant health in fixed implants supported by an immediate loading technique and to associate those outcomes with sociodemographic conditions. Material and method After the disassembly of the prostheses on implants with the "Branemark Model" the peri-implant health of 93 patients was evaluated using dental plaque index (DPI), probing pocket depths (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment levels (CAL), and presence of gingival hyperplasia. Patients also answered a questionnaire about their gender, age, socioeconomic status (Brazilian Association of Research Companies - ABEP), general health and tobacco use. Result The most constant clinical findings were the presence of plaque, followed by gingival hyperplasia and periimplantitis, which was associated with disease progression. Most of the patients in the study were female, Caucasian, and under 60 years of age, with prostheses located in their lower arch, and they belonged to social classes A and B. Conclusion The presence of dental biofilm occurred in almost all implants and was not related to the presence of periimplantitis. The progression of periimplantitis with bone loss was related to sub gingival bleeding. The sociodemographic characteristics in the study did not present great correlations with the clinical variables of the dental implants studied.

RESUMO Introdução A terapia de implantes dentais, quando bem planejada, pode contribuir para a qualidade de vida do paciente e é uma ferramenta importante para solucionar um sério problema de saúde pública em várias partes do mundo. Objetivo Este estudo investigou a saúde peri-implantar em implantes fixos apoiados por uma técnica de carga imediata e associou esses resultados a condições sociodemográficas. Material e método Após a desmontagem das próteses sobre implantes com o "Modelo de Branemark", a avaliação peri-implantar de 93 pacientes foi avaliada por meio do índice de placa dental (IPD), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS), níveis clínicos de fixação (NCF) e presença de hiperplasia gengival. Os pacientes também responderam a um questionário sobre sexo, idade, nível socioeconômico (Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa - ABEP), saúde geral e tabagismo. Resultado Os achados clínicos mais constantes foram a presença de placa, seguida de hiperplasia gengival e periimplantite, que esteve associada à progressão da doença. A maioria dos pacientes do estudo era do sexo feminino, caucasiana e com idade inferior a 60 anos, com próteses localizadas na arcada inferior, pertencentes às classes sociais A e B. Conclusão A presença de biofilme dentário ocorreu em quase todos os implantes e não foi relacionado à presença de periimplantite. A progressão da peri-implantite com perda óssea foi relacionada ao sangramento subgengival. As características sociodemográficas do estudo não apresentaram grandes correlações com as variáveis clínicas dos implantes dentários estudados.

Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Hematological Neoplasms in an Oncological Hospital of Mato Grosso / Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes com Neoplasia Hematológica em um Hospital Oncológico de Mato Grosso

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos de pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de neoplasia hematológica, no período de 2004 a 2014, em um Hospital Oncológico em Mato Grosso. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de busca e análise de 590 prontuários. Entre os pacientes, 335 (56,8%) eram do sexo masculino (p<0,05). A maioria possuía mais de 50 anos (p<0,05), com idade média de 53,97±16,55 anos. Quanto ao local de procedência, 257 pacientes eram provenientes da região metropolitana de Cuiabá (43,6%) e 333 (56,4%) de outros locais (p<0,05). A maioria eram pacientes não brancos (p<0,05) e solteiros 342 (58%) (p<0,05). Em relação ao tratamento, 537 (91%) pacientes utilizavam quimioterapia (p<0,05), 57 (9,7%) fizeram uso da radioterapia (p<0,05). Cinquenta e quatro (9,2%) pacientes fizeram uso de ambas as terapias de forma associada (p<0,05) e 50 pacientes (8,4%) não fizeram uso de radioterapia e nem de quimioterapia. Referente aos tipos de neoplasia, os diagnósticos mais encontrados na análise foram de: leucemia mielóide crônica 131 (22,2%); linfoma não Hodking 119 (20,2%); mieloma múltiplo 93 (15,8%); trombocitemia essencial 49 (8,3%); linfoma de Hodking 39 (6,6%); leucemia linfocítica crônica 38 (6,4%); policetemia vera 34 (5,8%); leucemia mielóide aguda 27 (4,6%); síndrome mielodisplasica 21 (3,6); leucemia linfocítica aguda 13 (2,2%) e síndrome mieloproliferativa 10 (1,7%) (p<0,05). A partir dos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que, em geral, os pacientes mais acometidos pelas neoplasias hematológicas tinham mais de 50 anos, eram homens, provenientes do interior do Estado, não brancos e solteiros.(AU).

The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological aspects of adult patients diagnosed with hematologic neoplasia, from 2004 to 2014, at a Cancer Hospital in Mato Grosso. Data collection was performed through the search and analysis of 590 patient records. Among the patients, 335 (56.8%) were male (p <0.05). The majority was older than 50 years (p <0.05), with a mean age of 53.97 ± 14.95 years. Regarding origin, 257 patients came from the metropolitan region of Cuiabá (43.6%) and 333 (56.4%) from other sites (p <0.05). The majority was non-white patients (p <0.05) and unmarried 342 (58%) (p <0.05). About treatment, 537 (91%) patients used chemotherapy (p <0.05), 57 (9.7%) used radiotherapy (p <0.05). Fifty-four (9.2%) patients used both therapies in an associated way (p <0.05) and 50 patients (8.4%) did not use either radiotherapy or chemotherapy at any time of their treatment. Regarding the types of neoplasia, the diagnoses most found in the analysis were: chronic myelogenous leukemia 131 (22.2%); non Hodking lymphoma 119 (20.2%); multiple myeloma 93 (15.8%); essential thrombocythemia 49 (8.3%); Hodgkin's lymphoma 39 (6.6%); chronic lymphocytic leukemia 38 (6.4%); policetemia vera 34 (5.8%); acute myeloid leukemia 27 (4.6%); myelodysplastic syndrome 21 (3,6); acute lymphocytic leukemia 13 (2.2%) and myeloproliferative syndrome 10 (1.7%) (p <0.05). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that, in general, the most affected patients by hematological malignancies were older than 50 years, were men from the interior of the State, non-white and unmarried.(AU)

Effect of glutamine ingestion on the progression of induced periodontitis: experimental study in rats / Efeito da ingestão de glutamina na progressão de periodontite induzida: estudo experimental em ratos

Introduction: With glutamine supplementation there is better performance in the body's defense system. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glutamine supplementation on ligand-induced periodontal disease in rats. Material and method: 48 selected male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (N = 12): control group (CG) including healthy animals receiving daily saline solution via gavage; glutamine group (GG) including healthy animals receiving oral glutamine supplementation by gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day; periodontitis group (PG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily saline solution via gavage; experimental group (EG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily glutamine via gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day. On the 30th day, all animals were euthanized by excess anesthetic. Result: In the various analyses, the EG (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) obtained a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the EG group (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2 ) presented a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p<0.05. The GG (118.09 ± 10.4 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p>0.05. Conclusion: Glutamine supplementation associated with induced periodontal disease demonstrated a smaller amount of bone loss compared to the periodontitis group.

Introdução: Com a suplementação de glutamina há um melhor desempenho no sistema de defesa do corpo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da suplementação de glutamina na doença periodontal induzida por ligatura em ratos. Material e método: Foram selecionados 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar divididos em 4 grupos (N = 12): grupo controle (GC) incluindo animais saudaveis recebendo solução salina diariamente via gavagem; grupo glutamina (GG) incluindo animais saudaveis que receberam suplementação oral de glutamina por gavagem a uma dose de 1,5 g/kg/dia; grupo periodontite (GP) incluindo animais com doença periodontal induzida na maxila em ambos os lados recebendo solução salina diária via gavagem; grupo experimental (GE) incluindo animais com doença periodontal induzida na maxila nos dois lados recebendo glutamina diária via gavagem na dose de 1,5 g/kg/dia. No 30º dia, todos os animais foram eutanasiados por excesso de anestésico. Resultado: Nas várias análises, o GE (116,63 ± 22,50 mm2) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) obteve um p<0,05. O GP (143,15 ± 35,24 mm2) comparado ao grupo GE (116,63 ± 22,50 mm2) apresentou p<0,05. O GP (143,15 ± 35,24 mm2) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) apresentou p<0,05. O GG (118,09 ± 10,4 mm2 ) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) apresentou p>0,05. Conclusão: A suplementação de glutamina associada à doença periodontal induzida demonstrou uma menor perda óssea em comparação com o grupo periodontite.

Chronic stress associated to contraceptives use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats / Avaliação do estresse crônico associado ou não ao uso de contraceptivos na progressão de periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratos

Introduction: Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world. The stress associated with their use can lead adverse responses in the body. Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of chronic stress associated with contraceptive use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in female Lewis rats. Material and method: Therefore, forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): contraceptive and ligature group (CG); stress and ligature group (SG); contraceptive, stress and ligature group (CSG); ligature group (LG); and control group (CtrlG). An injectable contraceptive was administered to the CG and CSG groups at the beginning of the experiment. On the following day, periodontitis was induced in the CG, SG, LG and CSG groups by placing ligatures on the upper-right second molar. On the third day, the SG and the CSG were subjected to a chronic stress model using physical restraint and cold exposure. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histometric measurements. Two parameters were considered: histological attachment loss (CEJ-PL) and bone loss (CEJ-BC). Regarding CEJ-PL/CEJ-BC. Result: The results indicated that the CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0.10 ± 0.00; CEJ-BC 0.34 ± 0.02) showed the lowest values (p<0.05). The SG group (CEJ-PL 0.90 ± 0.24; CEJ-BC 1.30 ± 0.28) presented higher values that were significantly different (p<0.05) from the results of the LG. The other groups exhibited similar statistical results (p>0.05). Conclusion: The present results do not allow an assessment of the susceptibility of animals to ligature-induced periodontitis.

Introdução: Os contraceptivos são amplamente utilizados pelas mulheres em grande parte do mundo. O estresse associado a sua utilização pode conduzir respostas adversas no organismo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse crônico associado ou não com o uso de contraceptivos na progressão de periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratas Lewis. Material e método: Para tanto, quarenta ratas foram divididas aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n = 8): Grupo Contraceptivo e Ligadura (CG); Grupo Estresse e Ligadura (SG); Grupo Contraceptivo, Estresse e Ligadura (CSG); Grupo Ligadura (LG); e Grupo Controle (CtrlG). Um contraceptivo injetável foi administrado nos grupos CG e CSG no início do experimento. No dia seguinte, a periodontite foi induzida nos grupos CG, SG, LG e CSG, através da colocação de ligaduras no segundo molar superior direito destes animais. No terceiro dia, o SG e o CSG foram submetidos a um modelo de estresse crônico usando contenção física e exposição ao frio. Após 60 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos a medidas histométricas. Foram considerados dois parâmetros: perda de inserção histológico (CEJ-PL) e perda óssea (CEJ-BC). Resultado: Os resultados indicaram que o CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0,10 ± 0,00; CEJ-BC 0,34 ± 0,02) apresentaram os valores mais baixos (p<0,05). O grupo SG (CEJ-PL 0,90 ± 0,24; CEJ-BC 1,30 ± 0,28) apresentou valores mais elevados que foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,05) dos resultados do LG. Os outros grupos apresentaram resultados estatísticos semelhantes (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo não permitem uma avaliação da susceptibilidade dos animais à periodontite induzida por ligadura. Sendo necessários, portanto, outros estudos que elucidem melhor a questão.

Avaliação de Perdas Dentárias em 1398 Pacientes em uma População na Região Central do Brasil: Estudo Radiográfico / Evaluation of Dental Loss in 1938 Patients in a Population of Central Region in Brazil: Radiographic Study

A perda dentária é um problema multifatorial, que pode englobar hábitos deletérios da saúde bucal, alterações sistêmicas e condição socioeconômica. Avaliar radiograficamente a perda dentária em uma população de 1398 pacientes na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, buscando correlacionar este fator com a idade e o sexo dos mesmos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal avaliando as perdas dentárias a partir de uma amostra de 1398 radiografias panorâmicas, correspondentes a exames realizados em 2011, em uma clínica radiológica situado na referida cidade. A amostra foi constituída de 856 (61,23%) pessoas do sexo feminino e 542 (38,77%) do sexo masculino, sendo a idade média de 34,9 + 13,4 anos. Durante a análise dos dados, observou-se que 80,6% dos indivíduos haviam perdido algum dente. Os dentes mais ausentes nas análises foram os primeiros molares inferiores e os mais presentes na amostra dos indivíduos foram os caninos inferiores. De acordo com as análises estatísticas (Qui Quadrado e Teste de Relação de Risco ­ p<0,05), a idade foi um fator de risco relacionado à perda dentária. Por meio deste estudo conclui-se que a idade é relacionada com maior perda de dentes, e o dente mais acometido por perdas dentárias é o primeiro molar inferior e o menos acometido é o canino inferior.(AU)

The dental loss is a multifactorial problem that can encompasses deleterious oral health habits, systemic changes and socio-economic status. To evaluate radiographically tooth loss in a population of 1398 patients in the city of Cuiaba-MT, seeking to correlate this factor to the age and sex of the same. A cross-sectional study evaluating tooth loss from a sample of 1398 panoramic radiographs, corresponding to tests carried out in 2011, in a radiology clinic located in that city. The sample consisted of 856 (61.23%) females and 542 (38.77%) were male, with a mean age of 34.9 + 13.4 years. During data analysis, it was observed that 80.6% of individuals had lost some teeth. The most common missing teeth in the analyzes were the first molars and the most present in the sample of individuals were the lower canines; according to statistical analysis (chi square and Risk Ratio test - p <0.05), age was a risk factor related to tooth loss. Through this study it is concluded that age is associated with increased teeth loss the tooth most affected by tooth loss is the first molar and the least affected is the lower canine.(AU)

Effect of Simvastatin on induced apical periodontitis in rats: a tomographic and biochemical analysis / Efeito da Sinvastatina sobre a periodontite apical induzida em ratos: análise radiográfica e bioquímica

Introduction: Simvastatin is one of several statins that are used to treat hypercholesterolemia, and in dentistry, few studies have attempted to associate the administration of this compound with bone repair. Objective: To evaluate the effect of simvastatin on the progression of induced apical periodontitis in rats. Material and method: To this end, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (N=12): Induced Apical Periodontitis Associated with Simvastatin Group (APSG N=12), Induced Periodontitis Apical Induced Group (APG N=12) and Negative Control Group (CG). On the first day, APG and APSG were anesthetized, and the coronal opening of the mandibular first molar was performed. For thirty days, the APSG received 6 mg of simvastatin daily via gavage. On the thirty-first day, all groups underwent blood collection and euthanasia. The jaws were removed and fixed in formalin. CT scans were performed to measure the periapical regions. In addition, the body mass and lipid profile were analyzed. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey’s test). Result: The APG (3.42±0.65) showed the highest perimeters for the space periapical ligament, followed by APSG (1.54±0.78) and CG (0.64±0.24) (p< 0.05). The lipid profile revealed the effect of simvastatin on the amount of glucose, triglycerides, HDL, and VLDL (p< 0.05). Body mass APG showed the most weight gain (264.75±44.11), followed by CG (252.00±44.36) and APSG (245.41±42.56). The three groups showed significant differences in decreasing order (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The use of simvastatin decreased the progression of the increasing periapical ligament space in rats.

Introdução: A sinvastatina é uma das várias estatinas utilizadas no tratamento da hipercolesterolemia e, na odontologia, alguns estudos têm buscado relacioná-la ao reparo ósseo. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da sinvastatina na progressão da periodontite apical induzida em ratos. Material e método: Para tanto, 36 ratos Wistar, previamente selecionados, foram divididos em 3 grupos (N=12). Grupo Controle (GC); Grupo Periodontite Apical (GPA); Grupo Periodontite Apical Associada à Sinvastatina (GPAS). No primeiro dia do ensaio o GPA e o GPAS foram anestesiados e submetidos à abertura coronária do primeiro molar inferior direito. Durante trinta dias, o GPAS recebeu diariamente 6mg de sinvastatina, através de gavagem. No trigésimo primeiro dia, todos os grupos foram submetidos à coleta de sangue e a eutanásia. As mandíbulas foram removidas e fixadas em formol. Para a mensuração das regiões periapicais, foram realizadas tomografias. Além disso, avaliou-se a massa corporal, glicemia e o lipidograma. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA de uma via e teste Post Hoc de Tukey (p< 0,05). Resultado: Os resultados demonstram que o GPA (3,42±0,65) apresentou os maiores perímetros para espaço do ligamento periapical, seguido pelo GPAS (1,54±0,78) e GC (0,64±0,24), respectivamente (p<0,05). Em relação ao lipidograma percebe-se o efeito da sinvastatina avaliando-se a quantidade de glicose, triglicérides, HDL, VLDL (p< 0,05). Para a massa corporal o GPA foi o que mais ganhou peso (264,75±44,11); seguido pelo GC (252,00±44,36); e GPAS (245,41±42,56). Os três grupos apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre si, de forma decrescente (p< 0,05). Conclusão: O uso da sinvastatina diminuiu a progressão do aumento do espaço do ligamento periapical em ratos.

Avaliação da presença de depósitos na superfície de próteses fixas implantossuportadas, em 83 pacientes com pelo menos 12 meses em função: estudo transversal e criação de um escore para uso clínico / Evaluation of deposits onto the intaglio surface of implant-supported fi xed prostheses in 83 patients after 12 months in function: a cross-sectional study with a clinical score proposal

Objetivo: criar um escore para observar a presença de depósitos na superfície das próteses fixas suportadas por implantes, confeccionadas seguindo o protocolo Brånemark. Material e métodos: pacientes portadores de próteses fixas implantossuportadas através do protocolo de Brånemark, com no mínimo 12 meses de uso, foram convidados a participarem da pesquisa e receberem manutenção periódica preventiva periodontal. Durante a consulta, as próteses fixas eram desmontadas utilizando-se um estojo protético e classificadas através de escores, de acordo com o acúmulo de depósitos em sua superfície: 0 ­ entre zero e 25%; 1 ­ entre 26% e 50%; 2 ­ entre 51% e 75%; 3 ­ 76% ou mais. Resultados: foram selecionados 83 pacientes, sendo 25 (31,6%) do sexo masculino e 58 (68,4%) do sexo feminino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 62,13 anos (faixa entre 40 e 87 anos). O tempo médio de uso das próteses foi de quase três anos. A maioria das próteses foi classificada com escores 2 e 3, diferindo estatisticamente apenas das próteses classificadas com escores 1 (p < 0,05). As próteses classificadas com escore 2 não demonstraram diferenças estatísticas, quando comparadas às próteses com escores 1 e 3 (p > 0,05). O escore 0 foi o menos prevalente e com diferenças estatísticas, comparado com os demais grupos. Um caso demonstrou presença de corpo estranho (material de moldagem) no interior do sulco peri-implantar, enquanto nos outros houve a formação de cálculos salivares. Inflamação peri-implantar esteve associada ao escore 3. Conclusão: o método apresentado é viável e de fácil execução. Os pacientes têm dificuldades em higienizar suas próteses. O implantodontista deve observar atentamente as estruturas peri-implantares, principalmente para a presença de corpos estranhos.

Objective: to create a score to classify the degree of debris at the intaglio surface of implant-supported prostheses made according the Brånemark protocol. Material and methods: patients wearing their implant-supported fixed prostheses (at least 1 year in function were invited to participate into this study and received preventive periodontal maintenance. The prostheses were unscrewed and classifi ed according to the amount of undersurface deposits as follows: 0) 0-25%; 1) 26% to 50%; 2) 51% to 75%; and 3) 76% or more. Results: 83 patients (25 (31.6%) male and 58 (68.4%) female) were enrolled, with a mean age of 62.13 years-old (range from 40 to 87 years). The mean time of prostheses into function was almost 3 years. Most rehabilitations received scores 2 and 3, being statistically different from those rated with score1 (p < 0.05). Those with score 2 were not different from scores 1 and 3 (p > 0.05). The zero score was the least prevalent compared to the other groups. Interestingly, one case highlighted a foreign residual body (impression material) into the peri-implant sulcus, while salivary calculi were also observed. The peri-implant inflammation was mostly associated to score 3. Conclusion: although the presented score has been user-friendly, all patients presented hygiene diffi culties. Implant practitioners must closely observe all peri-implant structures mainly for the presence of foreign bodies.

Avaliação do Conhecimento da Saúde Bucal Entre Pacientes Cardiopatas Antes da Realização de Cirurgia Cardíaca em um Hospital Universitário / Assessment of Oral Health Knowledge among Cardiac Patients before Heart Surgery in a School Hospital

Os pacientes cardiopatas parecem desconhecer os problemas relacionados com sua saúde bucal e as respectivas repercussões no sucesso de seu tratamento cirúrgico cardiovascular. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento da saúde bucal entre pacientes cardiopatas internados, aguardando para serem submetidos às cirurgias cardíacas, com indicação de monitoramento na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). O estudo utilizou uma amostra composta por 62 pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 33 e 87 anos. O instrumento de pesquisa consistiu de um questionário para registro de informações. Foram coletados dados referentes à: anamnese, condição socioeconômica, higiene bucal - escovação, aparatos de higiene, frequência de troca destes aparatos, frequência odontológica e presença de próteses dentais. Como critério de inclusão para o estudo, o indivíduo deveria ser cardiopata, estar internado e no aguardo de cirurgia cardíaca. Os dados foram organizados com auxílio do software IBM® SPSS® utilizando-se o teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado (p<0,05). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (64,5%), cor branca (51,6%), idade média de 60,35+11,73,não fumante (91,9%) e não diabético (75,8%). Para os hábitos de higiene, 87,1% escovavam os dentes duas ou três vezes ao dia, destes 98,4% utilizavam escova e creme dental, entretanto 69,4% não utilizam o fio dental. Do total, 56,5% pacientes estavam a mais de um ano sem ir ao dentista; destes, 33,9% tinham procurado este profissional em busca de exodontia. Quanto ao questionamento de como os pacientes consideravam sua saúde bucal, 37,1%, 43,5% e 19,4% disseram ser boa, regular e ruim, respectivamente. Do total, 48,4% dos pacientes perderam todos os dentes superiores e outros 30,6% todos os inferiores. Conclui-se que a maioria dos pacientes tem conhecimento sobre a importância de se escovar os dentes pelo menos duas vezes ao dia para a manutenção da saúde bucal, entretanto os indicadores avaliados demonstram que no geral o estado de saúde bucal é insatisfatório.AU

Cardiac patients are unaware of the problems related to their oral health and its impact on the success of cardiovascular surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of oral health among hospitalized cardiac patients waiting for cardiac surgery with monitoring indication in the intensive care unit. The study used a sample of 62 patients of both genders aged between 33 and 87 years. The research instruments consisted of a questionnaire for registration information. Data were collected regarding: medical history, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene - brushing, hygiene apparatus, and exchange frequency of these devices, dental attendance, and presence of dental prostheses. As inclusion criteria for the study, subjects could be cardiac, being hospitalized and awaiting heart surgery. Data were organized with the help of IBM SPSS software using the statistical test Chi-square (p <0.05). Most patients were male (64.5%), white (51.6%) aged 60.35 + 11.73, non-smoker (91.9%) and non-diabetic (75.8%). For hygiene, 87.1% brushed their teeth two or three times a day, of which 98.4% used toothbrush and toothpaste; however, 69.4% do not use the floss. A total of 56.5% patients was more than a year without going to the dentist; of these 33.9% had sought this professional looking for extraction. As for the question of how patients rated their oral health, 37.1%, 43.5%, and 19.4% considered it good, fair, and poor, respectively. A total of 48.4% of patients lost all upper teeth, and other 30.6% lost lower teeth. It is concluded that most patients know about the importance of brushing their teeth at least twice daily for the maintenance of oral health, though the appraised indicators show that the oral health status is unsatisfactory.

Model of oral rehabilitation with immediate or delayed implantsupportedcomplete dentures: radiographic evaluation / Modelo de reabilitação oral com próteses totais implanto-suportadas submetidas à carga imediata ou convencional: avaliação radiográfica

Objective: The study aims were to compare the radiographic bone loss of implant-supported complete dentures submitted to immediate or delayed loading and to correlate this loss with different features of the patients involved. Material and Methods: Sixty protocol model implants, in 49 patients, were selected. Thirty-two protocol model implants were submitted to immediate loading, i.e., within 48 h. The remainder were submitted to delayed loading, three to six months later. Questionnaires that collected data on gender, age, location and number of implants, maintenance time and socioeconomic status were analysed. The measurements were obtained from digital panoramic radiographs (ANOVA, MANOVA; Student’s t test, p < 0.05). Results: The radiographic bone loss in the models that underwent immediate and delayed loading was 2.4 mm and 2.5 mm (p > 0.05), respectively; regarding gender and the location and number of implants, the results did not differ (p > 0.05). The average ages of the immediate (62.8 ± 10.1 years old) and the delayed (54.5 ± 5.46 years old) protocol groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). In tests examining multivariate associations with the dependent variable of bone loss >4 mm, there was association with a greater number of sites in the maxilla, older age and female gender. The odds ratio indicated that a loss of more than 4 mm was 17 times more likely in the maxilla. Conclusion: 1 - Well-maintained implant-supported complete denture sunder went little bone loss; 2 - there were no differences in radiographic outcomes between different techniques of rehabilitation; and 3 - there was greater bone loss in the maxilla, compared to the mandible; 4 - there were no correlations between bone loss and social class, age or gender of the patients.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a perda óssea radiográfica das próteses totais implanto-suportadas submetidas à carga imediata ou convencional e correlacionar este dado com diferentes características dos pacientes envolvidos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 49 pacientes, que portavam 60 próteses modelo protocolo. Trinta e duas próteses foram submetidas a carga imediata, isto é, dentro de 48 horas. O restante foi submetido a carga entre três e seis meses depois da cirurgia de implante. Questionários sobre gênero, idade, localização e número de implantes, tempo de manutenção e condição socioeconômica foram analisados. As medidas das perdas ósseas foram obtidas a partir de radiografias digitais panorâmicas (ANOVA, MANOVA; teste t de Student, p <0,05). Resultados: A perda óssea radiográfica nas próteses submetidas a carga imediata e a carga convencional foi de 2,4 mm e 2,5 mm, respectivamente (p> 0,05); em relação ao gênero, a localização e ao número de implantes, os resultados não diferiram (p> 0,05). A idade média dos pacientes submetidos a carga imediata foi de 62,8 ± 10,1 anos, e, os pacientes submetidos a carga no tempo convencional apresentaram média de idade igual a 54,5 ± 5,46 anos (p <0,05). Nas análises multivariadas da variável dependente perda óssea >4 mm, houve associação com a maxila, pacientes mais idosos e do sexo feminino. A razão de risco indicou que uma perda óssea >4 mm apresentava 17 vezes mais chances de ocorrer na maxila. Conclusão: 1 - Próteses totais implanto-suportadas, quando submetidas a manutenções periódicas adequadas, geram pequena perda óssea; 2 - Os resultados radiográficos não demonstraram diferenças entre as técnicas de reabilitação analisadas; e 3 - Houve uma maior perda de osso na maxila, em comparação com a mandíbula.

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible.

PURPOSE: To compare chronic physical stressed with normal tense animals regarding implant osseointegration in the rat mandible. METHODS: Thirty six Wistar rats were anesthesiaded and blunt instruments were used to expose and empty their alveolar inferior nerve. One implant (2.2 x 4mm) was installed into the mandibular canal. Following 72 hours, all rats were equally divided in: Control Group analyzed in 18 days (CG18); Control Group analyzed in 33 days (CG33); Stressed Group with stress during 18 days (SG18) and Stressed Group with stress during 33 days (SG33) - The animals from Stressed Groups (CG 18 and CG33) were placed individually in plastic pipes (PVC) during 12 hours daily to physical restraint. Histomorphometric analysis included bone-implant-contact (BIC) and bone area (BA). RESULTS: In relation to BIC--CG18 (49.8+20.3); SG18 (29.0+16.5)--and BA--CG18 (50.13+21.2); SG18 (23.8+7.8)--, there was a bone repair delayed in SG18 when compared with CG18 (p<0.05). After 33 days, BIC--CG33 (59.6+26.8); SG33 (49.52+17.3)--and BA--CG33 (41.90+17.4); SG33 (43.91+14.7)--showed no difference between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic physical stress interfere with the initial stage of osseointegration in the rat mandible, but not the final process.

Efeito do Exercício Físico Sobre o Perfil Hematológico de Ratos Wistar com Infecção Oral Induzida / Evaluate the Effect of Physical Exercise on the Blood Profile of Wistar Rats with Induced Oral Infection

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do exercício físico sobre o perfil hematológico de ratos Wistar com infecção oral induzida. Para este estudo, foram utilizados 24 ratos machos adultos - Rattus novergicus da linhagem Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais (8 em cada grupo): grupo sedentário associado à infecção (GI), grupo exercício associado à infecção (GIE) e grupo controle (GC). A doença periodontal apical e marginal foi induzida nos grupos GI e GIE através da colocação de fio de seda em torno do segundo molar superior direito (para periodontite marginal), e através da perfuração do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo (para periodontite apical). Os animais dos grupos GIE foram submetidos à natação por 60 minutos diários, cinco vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. Após este período de exercício, todos os animais foram submetidos à anestesia e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a análise hematológica. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que os únicos parâmetros que apresentaram diferenças estatísticas foram os níveis hematimétricos (hemácias, hemoglobina e hematrócito) e contagem de linfócitos. Melhores resultados foram observados para o grupo que passou por exercício físico com infecção oral induzida, quando comparado aos grupos sem exercício físico com infecção oral induzida e grupo controle (p<0,05). Considera-se que o exercício físico foi capaz de aumentar alguns parâmetros hematológicos diante de infecção oral induzida.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the blood profile of Wistar rats with oral induced infeccion. To perform this study, 24 adults male rats - Rattus norvegicus Wistar were used. The animals were divided into three experimental groups (8 in each group): sedentary group associated with infection (GI), exercise group associated with infection (GIE) and control group (CG). The apical and marginal periodontal disease was induced in GI and GIE groups through the silk thread placed around the second upper right molar (for marginal periodontitis), and through the drilling of the first lower left molar (for apical periodontitis). The GIE animal groups were submitted to swimming for 60 minutes daily, five times per week for eight weeks. After this period, all animals underwent anesthesia and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. The results demonstrated that the parameters with significant differences were RBC levels (erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit) and lymphocyte count. Better results were observed for the group that underwent physical exercise induced periodontitis, when compared to groups without exercise with induced periodontitis and control group (p <0.05). It is concluded that exercise was able to increase some hematological parameters before induced oral infection.

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible

PURPOSE:To compare chronic physical stressed with normal tense animals regarding implant osseointegration in the rat mandible.METHODS:Thirty six Wistar rats were anesthesiaded and blunt instruments were used to expose and empty their alveolar inferior nerve. One implant (2.2 x 4mm) was installed into the mandibular canal. Following 72 hours, all rats were equally divided in: Control Group analyzed in 18 days (CG18); Control Group analyzed in 33 days (CG33); Stressed Group with stress during 18 days (SG18) and Stressed Group with stress during 33 days (SG33) - The animals from Stressed Groups (CG 18 and CG33) were placed individually in plastic pipes (PVC) during 12 hours daily to physical restraint. Histomorphometric analysis included bone-implant-contact (BIC) and bone area (BA).RESULTS: In relation to BIC - CG18 (49.8+20.3); SG18 (29.0+16.5) - and BA - CG18 (50.13+21.2); SG18 (23.8+7.8)-, there was a bone repair delayed in SG18 when compared with CG18 (p<0.05). After 33 days, BIC - CG33 (59.6+26.8); SG33 (49.52+17.3)- and BA - CG33 (41.90+17.4); SG33 (43.91+14.7)- showed no difference between groups (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Chronic physical stress interfere with the initial stage of osseointegration in the rat mandible, but not the final process.

Tecidual reaction of calcium hydroxide front chronic stress histological study in rats.

BACKGROUND: The Calcium Hydroxide has been widely used as an intracanal dressing and in combination with restorative and endodontic materials and its main goal is the tissue reparation. However, when the patient has chronic stress, the immunological response and tissue repair decreases in both the epithelial and connective tissue. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the effect of chronic stress on the tissue response in rats exposed to calcium hydroxide (CH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 wistar rats were anesthetized, and a polyethylene tube containing CH was inserted under the skin. After 24 h, they were divided into two groups: Calcium hydroxide + stress (CHSG) n = 30 and calcium hydroxide (CHG) n = 30. They were stressed by physical restraint, for 12 h each day for periods of 7, 15 and 30 days when 10 animals from each group were euthanized. The tissues surrounding the polyethylene tubes were removed, and slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The analysis was performed with an optical microscope with magnification of 4-400 times by a blinded senior examiner. The sample slides were classified according to the following scores 0 - absent/1 - present/2 - infiltrate to: Inflammatory infiltrate containing fibrous condensation, lymphocytes, plasmacytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The data were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test (P < 0.05) for paired samples. RESULTS: The exposure time of 7 days elicited no statistical difference between groups (P > 0.05). The 15 days exposure group had higher averages for CHG to eosinophils and inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). In 30 days, CHG showed higher averages to inflammatory infiltrate and lower averages to FC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Some modified patterns of responses in the CHSG were observed at 15 days and 30 days.

Evaluation of different methods for removing oral biofilm in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the different methods for removing oral biofilm in combination with 0.12% chlorhexidine, in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the General University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, the patients were included in the study and underwent periodontal evaluation by means of the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). The removal of visible biofilm, by a professional, was carried out using a toothbrush and dental floss, followed by the application of a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution. The patients were included in this randomized and controlled study into four groups (total n = 48), as follows: Chlorhexidine and gauze 12/12 h; chlorhexidine and gauze 24/24 h; chlorhexidine and brushing 12/12 h; chlorhexidine and brushing 24/24 h. The patients underwent the biofilm removal protocol for 7 days and then were subjected to a new clinical evaluation as to VPI and GBI. Data analysis was performed through stratification and arrangement of the records, in order to carry out the associations with health indicators used in the study, and the statistical tests used were Kappa and t-test for independent and paired samples. RESULTS: A decrease in the VPI and GBI values when comparing baseline to the final evaluation for all groups was observed. CONCLUSION: Based on the methodology, it was possible to concluded that chlorhexidine associated with the mechanical action of the toothbrush or gauze in the times 12 h and 24 h in the ICU environment presented the same results as regards amount of visible biofilm. How to cite the article: Oliveira MS, Borges AH, Mattos FZ, Semenoff TA, Segundo AS, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Porto AN. Evaluation of different methods for removing oral biofilm in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):61-4.

Physicochemical properties and surfaces morphologies evaluation of MTA FillApex and AH plus.

The solubility, pH, electrical conductivity, and radiopacity of AH Plus and MTA FillApex were evaluated. In addition, the surfaces morphologies of the sealers were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy. For pH test, the samples were immersed in distilled water at different periods of time. The same solution was used for electrical conductivity measurement. The solubility and radiopacity were evaluated according to ANSI/ADA. Statistical analyses were carried out at 5% level of significance. MTA FillApex presented higher mean value for solubility and electrical conductivity. No significant difference was observed in the mean values for pH reading. AH Plus presented higher radiopacity mean values. MTA FillApex presented an external surface with porosities and a wide range of sizes. In conclusion, the materials fulfill the ANSI/ADA requirements when considering the radiopacity and solubility. AH Plus revealed a compact and homogeneous surface with more regular aspects and equal particle sizes.

Effect of chronic stress on ligature-induced periodontitis in inbred and noninbred rats: a radiographic study.

AIM: The aim was to compare the effect of chronic stress on ligature-induced periodontitis in inbred and noninbred female rats by means of a radiographic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult Lewis (inbred) and Wistar (non-inbred) rats were used and divided into the following groups: Ligature/Stress Lewis Group (LSLG, n = 8); Ligature/Stress Wistar Group (LSWG, n = 8); Ligature Lewis Group (LLG, n = 8) and Ligature Wistar Group (LWG, n = 8). The animals were anesthetized and a silk thread was continuously kept around their second upper right molar. Then, groups LSLG and LSWG were subjected to physical stress test (physical restraint for 12 hours). After 15 days of ligature placement, the animals were euthanized. The right hemimaxilla was kept in formalin solution for 48 hours. Radiographs of the hemimaxillae were obtained using the parallelism technique and subsequently submitted to a standardized radiographic processing. The examiner was blinded to the groups and calibrated. The bone height level was measured and the data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey, p < 0.05). RESULTS: LSWG showed bone destruction significantly higher than that of LSLG (32.1 ± 1.45 mm and 23.6 mm ± 2.13, respectively). Similarly, LWG showed bone destruction significantly higher than that of LLG (28.6 ± 1.18 mm and 25.2 ± 2.76 mm, respectively). CONCLUSION: Inbred rats (Lewis) are less susceptible to the effects of chronic stress than are noninbred rats (Wistar) in relation to ligature-induced periodontitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between stress and periodontitis. One of the major difficulties of this type of research is the bias of the exact diagnosis of the patient's emotional state. Inbred lines animals have standards-specific neuroendocrine, this allows answers about the susceptibility of periodontal disease, making knowledge applicable in future clinical trials.

Lipid Profile Parameters under influence of Periodontitis Associated with Chronic Stress: An Animal Model Study.

BACKGROUND: The present study compared the effect of two chronic stress models associated with periodontitis induced in rats on partial lipid profile parameters. MATERIALS & METHODS: Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: physical stress+periodontitis, variable stress+periodontitis, periodontitis and control. Physical stress and variable stress occurred over 60 days. After the first ten days of the stress test, periodontitis was induced by ligature. After 60 days of experimentation, the animals underwent incision and visualization of the posterior vena cava, and blood punctures were performed under a vacuum. Impartial and trained examiners performed the analysis of the parameters: low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides and cholesterol. RESULTS: The lipid parameters and cholesterol were significantly lower in the variable stress group than in the ligature and control groups. The physical stress group was not statistically different from the other groups. The triglyceride level was highest for the control group and statistically different from the levels in groups variable stress and physical stress. The physical stress group had the lowest triglyceride level, which was statistically different from that of the control group. There was no statistical difference between physical stress and variable stress with respect to low-density lipoprotein; a similar finding was obtained for ligature and control. The variable stress group had the lowest low-density lipoprotein level, which was statistically different from those of the ligature and control groups. High density lipoprotein levels showed no statistical differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations of the methodology, it seems that the stress model variable associated with periodontitis improved lipid parameters in the study. How to cite this article:Porto AN, Borges AH, Segundo AS, Semenoff TA, Pedro FL, Bandeca MC, Cortelli SC. Lipid profile parameters under influence of periodontitis associated with chronic stress: an animal model study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):8-14.

Effect of chronic cortisone use in rats strain susceptible to ligature-induced periodontitis / Efeito do uso crônico da cortisona em ratas de linhagem susceptível à periodontite induzida por ligadura

Objective: The present study assessed the effect of prolonged betamethasone use in ligature-induced periodontitis in adult Fischer-344 rats. Methods: Thirty-six Fisher rats were randomly assigned to three groups: group B (betamethasone); group S (sham) and group C (control). The animals in group B were given intramuscular betamethasone daily, those in group S were given saline injections daily, and those in group C were not submitted to any intervention. The interventions lasted 60 days, and all groups were submitted to the same environmental conditions. Tendays after starting the injections, periodontal disease was induced in the animals from groups B and S by tying a sterile silk suture threadaround the upper right second molar. Fifty days later, all animals were sacrificed and the connective tissue attachment level (Jac-E) and boneloss (Jac-O) were measured. Results: Jac-E and Jac-O of groups B and S were not significantly different, but they differed significantly from those of group C. Conclusion: Prolonged use of betamethasone did not affect the progression of induced periodontitis in rats.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do uso prolongado da betametasona na periodontite induzida por ligadura, em ratas adultas da linhagem Fischer-344. Métodos: Selecionou-se trinta e seis ratas Fisher, as quais foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo B (betametasona); grupo S (soro) e grupo C (controle). Os animais do grupo B receberam injeções diárias intramuscular de betametasona, o grupo S recebeu injeções diárias de soro fisiológico e o grupo C foi mantido sem nenhuma intervenção. Estes procedimentos duraram 60 dias. Os três grupos foram mantidos nas mesmas condições ambientais. Decorridos dez dias a partir do início das injeções, os animais dos grupos B e S foram submetidos a indução da doença periodontal, através da colocação do fio de seda em volta do segundo molar superior direito. Ao final do período experimental (50 dias) os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. O nível de inserção histológica (Jac-E) e perda óssea histológica (Jac-O) foram mensurados.Resultados: Entre os grupos B e S, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas para Jac-E e Jac-O. Entretanto, notaram-se diferenças significativas em ambos os parâmetros avaliados quando o grupo C foi comparado aos grupos B e S. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o uso prolongado de betametasona não modificou a progressão de periodontite induzida.

Effect of chronic stress in newborn rats on the progression of ligature-induced-periodontitis in adulthood.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect chronic stress in newborn rats on the progression of ligature-induced-periodontitis in adulthood. METHODS: Ten couples of adult Wistar rats were selected for mating. After birth, the female and their respective offsprings were allocated into two groups. Ligature Group (LG): offsprings were only watched during breast-feeding; Stress-ligature Group (SLG): after 24h of live birth, the offsprings were moved away from their mothers every day for four hours during breast-feeding for 20 days; in both approaches, after reaching ± 250g, ten rats were included in the groups. Periodontal disease was induced by a silk suture placed around the maxillary right second molar. The left side was used as control. After 15 days, the animals were subjected to euthanasia, maxillary bones were removed and stored in 10% formaldehyde. After 48h, radiographs were taken and revealed and were used for bone destruction analysis. Examiner was blind and calibrated for measurements. RESULTS: Stress-ligature group presented higher bone loss values in relation to ligature group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposure to chronic stress imposed on offsprings produced a greater progression of bone loss induced during adulthood.

Ligature-induced periodontitis associated to alcohol using and stress on animal's behavior: study in rats

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the effect of ligature-induced periodontitis association with chronic use of alcohol and stress on the behavior of the animals. Material and methods: Forty female rats were distributed equally into the following groups: control (CG), alcohol+stress+ligature (ASLG), stress+ligature (SLG), alcohol+ligature (ALG), ligature (LG). In the first day, the animals of ALG and ASLG were exposed to the ingestion of water and 20% alcohol solution (v/v). The animals of ASLG and SLG underwent stress testing through physical restraint for 4 daily hours, during 60 days until their euthanasia. In the next day after the beginning of the research, the animals of ALG, ASLG, SLG and LG were submitted to ligature installation around the right maxillary second molar. The evaluation of the behavior of the animals was executed through open field variables (amount of central and peripheral segments flown, times in which the animal was kept on two paws without support, self-cleaning movement - itchy nose) and maze cross parameters (amount of entrances in the arms and time of permanence in these sites). Data were gathered, their means calculated and submitted to analysis of variance and Ducan, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Results: The results did not demonstrate statistical differences for the parameters analyzed, except from the closed filed, in which ASLG and SLG exhibited the longest time of permanence. Conclusion: Considering the methodology used, it was possible to observe that the alcohol associated with chronic stress and ligature-induced periodontitis demonstrated few alterations on the behavior of the animals.