[Morphological changes in the rat brain after applying electrostimulation to the emotiogenic areas of the lateral hypothalamus]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v golovnom mozge krys posle naviazannykh élektrostimuliatsii émotsiogennykh zon lateral'nogo gipotalamusa.

Celloidin slices of brain were studied histologically by means of Nissl method in Wistar line rats 3 and 8 months after kindling formation initiated by electrostimulation of the lateral hypothalamus emotiogenic zones. part of brain neurons appeared to acquire destructive changes, grow dark and wrinkle, while some of them died. A great number of such neurons were found in the nuclei of base brain, thalamus, hypothalamus and pons varolii with hemorrhages seen in different brain zones. Besides, 8 months after the kindling formation, large spherical bodies painted metachromatically by toluidin blue were found in white substance of many brain zones. These bodies are likely the product of generation and metabolic disorders in myelinated fibres. The data obtained indicate that kindling initiated by hyperexcitation of emotiogenic brain systems results in organic brain disease similar to that in epilepsy.

[Current trends in the depopulation process in the northwestern economic region of Russia]. / Sovvremennye tendentsii depopulyatsionnykh protsessov v severo-zapadnom ekonomicheskom raione Rossii.

PIP: Current demographic trends in the northwestern region of Russia, one of the regions most affected by depopulation, are analyzed. The author discusses the general decline in the standard of living and the decrease in the funding available for providing social services, as well as unemployment in the local military industry, as the main causes of the deterioration of the demographic situation. Data are presented by sex. Fertility seems to have reached its lowest level and mortality its highest in 1994, with a modest improvement in both indicators since then. The author compares trends among various ethnic groups and geographic regions. High levels of mortality among the young, and the contribution of alcoholism to mortality rates, continue to give cause for concern.^ieng

[Serotoninergic nerve fibers in the area of the substantia grisea and the ependyma of the cerebral aqueduct]. / Serotoninergicheskie nervnye volokna v zone serogo veshchestva i épendimy vodoprovoda mozga.

An electron microscopic study of the midbrain gravy with the help of degeneration caused by serotonin-like neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine has shown that serotonergic terminals are responsible for the innervation of dendrites, neuron bodies and ependyma cells of the cerebral aqueduct. The detection of light, dark with prevailing fine transparent or large granular synaptic vesicles as well as vacuole degeneration evidences of the existence of several sources of serotonergic innervation of the central gray substance. Continuous damage of perivascular astrocytes of the central gray by neurotoxin allows a suggestion to be made that they are also the object of serotonergic innervation. Immunomorphological data on the presence of serotoninergic neurons in the cerebral gray are confirmed.

[The pathomorphological changes in the brain and internal organs in experimental influenza infection in mice]. / Patomorfologicheskie izmeneniia v golovnom mozge i nekotorykh vnutrennikh organakh pri éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii u myshei.

The possibility of long persistence of influenza virus A in the brain and other organs of mice was established on the basis of complex virological, histological and electron microscopic studies. It was shown that the perivascular oedema of choroid plexus reaches the maximum during late stages of infection, after the clinical recovery. Sharp increase of the permeability of cerebral vessels causing the perivascular oedema, especially in choroid plexus of lateral brain ventricles, proposed to be one of possible mechanisms of pathogenic action of the virus.

[Effect of actinomycin D on the ultrastructure of the hippocampal cortex]. / Vliianie aktinomitsina D na ul'trastrukturu kory gippokampa.

Ultrastructure of the CA1 zone in the rat dorsal hippocampus has been investigated after injection of actinomycin D into the cerebral lateral ventricles. Actinomycin D possesses a wider spectrum of action as it was previously thought. The data obtained make it possible to suppose that certain cerebral disturbances (in particular, memory), produced with actinomycin D, can be dependent on or stipulated by: decreased DNA synthesis in the neuronal nuclei, disorder of RNA synthesis in neurons and astrocytes, damage of the protein synthesis apparatus only in neurons with a dense granular endoplasmic reticulum, decreasing contents of functionally active neurons, possessing a loose granular endoplasmic reticulum, decreasing production of energy by mitochondria of synapses, neurons and astrocytes.

Interconnection of demyelination processes and inflammation in the dynamics of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Using a new method for the simultaneous demonstration of myelin breakdown products and cell elements in the demyelinated nervous tissue, a number of previously unknown regularities were revealed concerning interconnection between demyelination processes and inflammation in the dynamics of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Alterations in osmophilia and in size of myelin breakdown products in the demyelination foci are demonstrated to be the most essential in the EAE pathomorphology, a certain type of cellular reaction corresponding to each stage of periaxonal changes. A close relationship was found between demyelination processes and inflammation which determines the structure of the demyelination foci at various stages of the disease.

[Morphologic and biochemical changes in brain cells of mice with influenza]. / Morfologicheskie i biokhimicheskie izmeneniia v kletkakh golovnogo mozga myshei pri grippoznoi infektsii.

The influence of influenza virus infection on the brain cells was studied in mice. Virology, electron microscopy and biochemistry methods were used for this purpose. It has been shown that intracerebral injection of pathogenic strain of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 is accompanied both by the reproduction of virus in the central nervous system tissue and the morphology changes in ependial cells of the vascular plexus of the brain lateral ventricle. It has been found that the level of the lipid peroxidation products in lipid extracts of infected mouse brain is greater than their level in extracts from control mouse brain. It has been concluded that the influenza virus has a damaging effect on the central nervous system cells.

[Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on the ultrastructure of non-catecholaminergic elements of the dorsal hippocampus]. / Vliianie 6-gidroksidofamina na ul'trastrukturu nekatekholaminergicheskikh élementov dorsal'nogo gippokampa.

As demonstrates the electron microscopical investigation, 6-hydroxidophamine possesses a wider sphere of influence than it was previously considered. It produces not only certain specific lesions in the hippocampal noradrenergic terminals, but also changes in non-catecholaminergic synapses; that is manifested as overfilling of the terminals with synaptic vesicles, lasting up to 24 h, and formation of vacuoles penetrating into invaginations of dendrites and astrocytes. The data obtained confirm the ideas of physiologists on modulating influence of the noradrenergic system on the noncatecholaminergic neural elements.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the dorsal hippocampus in rabbits with epileptiform seizures]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia kharakteristika dorsal'nogo gippokampa v usloviiakh épileptiformnykh pripadkov u krolikov.

An increase in the medium size of mitochondria in synapses, postsynaptic dendrites and neurons of the dorsal hippocampus was recorded after single and 3fold intracortical injection of penicillin (1000 IE) to rabbits. An increase in the size of vacuoles was found in astrocytes, synapses and postsynaptic dendrites. Mitochondrial hypertrophy indicates the energy output intensification in the form of ATP, while the increased size of vacuoles points to a greater permeability. The changes disclosed evidence an activation of synapses, postsynaptic dendrites and neurons.

[Effect of etimizol on the ultrastructure of the dorsal hippocampus and autonomic ganglia of the rat heart]. / Vliianie étimizola na ul'trastrukturu dorsal'nogo gippokampa i vegetativnykh gangliev serdtsa krys.

The injection of aethimizol to rats (10 mg/kg) causes an irregular widening of cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum in "light" pyramidal neurons of zone CA1 of dorsal hippocampus, which is considered as a depression of the neuronal apparatus of protein synthesis. A 1 mg/kg dose causes, in some synapses, a complex of changes supposed to express the activation of synapses. No essential changes were revealed in the heart neurons. Aethimizol acts selectively on the ultrastructure of central nervous system and does not exert a pronounced action on autonomic neurons.

[Ultrastructure of heart synapses]. / Ul'trastruktura sinapsov serdtsa

The nerve endings in the intramural ganglia of the rat's heart are connected by synaptic and non-synaptic junctions with the dendrites and neuron bodies. Peri-membrane indurations of synaptic complexes may look relatively symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the orientation of the section in relation to the elements of the Akert's presynaptic lattice. In non-synaptic junctions the indurations are symmetrical, but the presynaptic one may be more complicated in its structure. The synaptic complexes are disposed in the field of synaptic dilatations of axons and in the sites of interlacing thin "preterminal" parts of axons with dendrites. They connect preganglionic fibres with dendrites, neuron bodies and with the filamentous and fungiform thorns.

[Effect of sympathomimetic substances and DOPA on the ultrastructure of the nervous apparatus of the heart]. / Vliianie simpatomimeticheskikh veshchestv i DOFA na ul'trastrukturu nervnogo apparata serdtsa

After a single administration of norepinephrine or DOPA to albino rats there occurred an incorporation of norepinephrine into the adrenergic axons of the heart and its deposition in the form of granules in small synaptic vesicles, about 300 A in diameter. The adrenergic and cholinergic axons can be thus differentiated. The amount of cholinergic axons in the auricles is greater than that of the adrenergic ones. The adrenergic terminals came into the most intimate contact with the cholinergic terminals and with the endothelial cells of the blood capillaries and the myocardial muscle cells. It is supposed that adrenergic fibers can act upon the heart muscle in three ways: by means of presynaptic inhibition through the cholinergic axons, by humoral route, and directly on the myocardial muscle cells.