[An analysis of suicidal behavior in adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: gender and age aspects]. / Analiz suitsidal'nogo povedeniya u podrostkov do i vo vremya pandemii COVID-19: gendernye i vozrastnye aspekty.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the dynamics of suicidal behavior in Russian adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis of suicidal behavior was carried out to study mortality rates caused by completed suicides and to find out the prevalence of intentional self-harm (ISH), suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Mortality data were obtained from the Database of demographic indicators for Russian regions over a period of 2015-2021. Data on the prevalence of ISH, SI, and SA were obtained from an anonymous survey of adolescents, using a questionnaire developed for Eurasian Child Mental Health Study (EACMHS) group (block «suicidality¼). An anonymous survey of adolescents, aged 11-18 years, was carried out twice: in 2015-2021 (n=1723, 46.6% males, mean age 14.7±1.3 years) and November 2020 - July 2021 (n=1011, 47.1% males, mean age 15.3±1.4). RESULTS: In 2021, the mortality rate from completed suicides increased among younger adolescents (10-14 years old) from 0.1 to 1.4 per 100 000 individuals, among older adolescents (15-19 years old) from 0.7 to 6.1 per 100 000 individuals compared to 2019. The highest rise in mortality was observed in girls aged 10-14 (from 0.1 to 1.6 per 100 000). The prevalence for various types of suicidal behavior increased in adolescents aged 11-14 years, especially among girls, with the SI frequency increasing by 63% (p<0.05), SA - by 15.4%, suicidal ISH - by 23.7%. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the suicidal behavior of adolescents with the need for preventive measures for specialists.

[The relationship between internet addiction and sleep disorders in adolescents of Central Siberia in different types of consumed content]. / Vzaimosvyaz' internet-zavisimosti i narushenii sna u podrostkov Tsentral'noi Sibiri pri raznykh vidakh potreblyaemogo kontenta.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between disturbances of the regime and quality of night sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents from Central Siberia with internet addiction with different types of content consumed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single cross-sectional observational study of a school sample in three large cities in Siberia was performed. The study included 4615 schoolchildren aged 12-18 years (46.2% boys and 53.8% girls, average age 14.58±0.02 years). To identify Internet addiction and its types the following tests were used: the Chen scale (CIAS), adapted by V.L. Malygin and K.A. Feklisov; Russian-language versions of the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents and the Social Media Disorder Scale. Questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess nighttime sleep. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). RESULTS: Adolescents with Internet addiction are characterized by late going to bed (p<0.001), late awakening (p=0.016), a decrease in the duration of night sleep (p=0.004), an increase in the time to fall asleep and frequent nighttime awakenings (p=0.017), and more pronounced daytime sleepiness (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by significant disturbances in the quality of night sleep, which requires appropriate psychological and pedagogical correction.

[Psychocorrection of adolescents with suicidal behavior with the CBT-SP method]. / Psikhokorrektsiya podrostkov s proyavleniyami suitsidal'nogo povedeniya metodom kognitivno-povedencheskoi terapii predotvrashcheniya samoubiistv.

OBJECTIVE: To provide the CBT-PS method for working with adolescents in the post-suicidal period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven adolescents who were admitted to a children's department of a Krasnoyarsk outpatient clinic after an incomplete suicide were included in the study. All adolescents had depressive or mixed anxiety-depressive symptoms confirmed by clinical and psychological methods (F32 - 36.3%; F41.2 - 36.3%; F92.0 - 18.2%; F43 - 9.1%). CBT-PS was administered following the relief of the acute condition after drug treatment. RESULTS: A cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-SP) protocol for working with adolescents attempted suicide was presented. The main focus of emergency therapy at the initial, middle and final stages were pointed out. A working algorithm aimed at resolving an acute suicidal crisis including five tasks was described in detail, i.e. chain analysis, drawing up a safety plan, psychoeducational module, finding reasons for life and conceptualizing the case. The basic principles of planning a therapy strategy and the choice of modules of individual and family skills with regard to their relevance for each specific case were revealed. The steps of therapy aimed at preventing relapse and testing the effectiveness of the acquired skills to cope with a stressful situation in future were described in detail. CONCLUSIONS: CBT-SP is a modern method of working with adolescents attempted suicide. The method based on a cognitive-behavioral model of suicidal behavior appears to have the proven clinical efficacy, with it being quite practical for psychiatrists, psychotherapists and medical psychologists dealing with CBT.

[The prevalence and mental comorbidity of internet-dependent behavior in adolescents of Central Siberia]. / Rasprostranennost' i psikhicheskaya komorbidnost' internet-zavisimogo povedeniya u podrostkov Tsentral'noi Sibiri.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) in adolescents in Central Siberia and the association of IA with mental health problems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 2950 adolescents (44.7% boys and 54.3% girls), aged 11-18 years (mean age 14.5±1.3). Younger adolescents (11-14 years old) accounted for 52.4%, senior ones (15-18 years old) did 47.6%. The Chen scale (CIAS) with a cutoff level of 65 points was used to evaluate IA. The overall CIAS value of 27-42 points was regarded to be adaptive Internet use (AIU); 43-64 points being non-adaptive Internet use (NIU); 65 points and above were considered to be IA. Mental health was assessed using SDQ, which includes five scales: 1) prosocial behavior; 2) emotional symptoms; 3) behavior problems; 4) hyperactivity; 5) peer problems. RESULTS: The prevalence of AIU is 50.3% (55.9% among boys and 45.6% among girls, p<0.01), NIU was found in 42.9% (38.9/46.3%, p<0.001), IA occurred in 6.8% (5.1/8.2%, p<0.001). The prevalence of IA among adolescents, aged 11-14 years old, was 5.9%, between the ages of 15-18 it was 7.8% (p=0.04). In the AIU group, emotional symptom** were observed in 5.1% of adolescents, behavior problems in 6.1%, hyperactivity in 3.6%; in the NIU group - in 14.9%, 11.7% and 9.4% of adolescents; in the IA group, there were 34%, 24% and 26% of adolescents, respectively. In terms of odds ratio (OR), the greatest effect size was observed for hyperactivity (OR=5.23, p<0.001) and emotional disorders (OR=4.85, p<0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IA is 6.8%. IA is more common in girls and increases with age. IA is associated with mental health problems, the greatest effect size is observed for hyperactivity and emotional disorders. The incidence of psychopathological manifestations increases depending on the degree of impairment in network behavior.

[The social and ethno-cultural prerequisites of suicidal behavior of adolescents in the Republic of Buryatia].

The article considers social and ethno-cultural risk factors of suicidal behavior in Buryat adolescents. The analysis of life-style of children and adolescents in actual conditions was implemented. The immediate family and external social environment were characterized. The system of vital values was analyzed. The study demonstrated that in Buryat population the is a leading one. The system of relationship of adolescents with parents, school teachers and peers was analyzed. It is established that only 62.35 of adolescents are satisfied with these relationships. It is established that Buryat adolescents changing of life-style resulted in transformation of family and decreasing of its fostering function can be considered as risk factor of suicidal behavior. The frustration of affiliation needs i.e. need in the relationship most important for Buryat ethnos is considered as the ethno-cultural factor. The risk of suicidal behavior increases when such factors as rudeness or hardheartedness of teacher, school community turning down are added.

[The transformation of Buryat families as a factor determining population health].

The article considers alterations of institute of traditional Buryat family in historical perspective. The social hygienic and medical demographic analysis of families in actual social economic conditions was implemented including assessment of their fostering function. It is demonstrated that Buryat family represents a transferring form of transition from traditional family typical for cultures of collectivist type to new social institute more specific for cultures of individualist type. It is established that in many families, because of changing of life-style, exists certain deficiency of emotional contacts, breach of children parental relationships. The deficiency of emotional support and parental attention provides no satisfaction of basic need of youth generation in social belonging, safety and protection that is manifested in decreasing of population health of the youth and high level of suicide.

[THE SOCIAL HYGIENIC AND MEDICAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES OF INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF YAKUTIA].

Nowadays, in indigenous populations of the North and Siberia lower indicators ofpsychic health are registered. The evidence ofthis occurrence is high mortality due to external causes and significant prevalence of alcoholism. The high level of suicide among indigenous children and adolescents reflects extreme social troubles. The sampling included 478 families of indigenous population of Yakutia (families of Yakut, Evenk, Even and Yukagir) residing in the northern, central eastern andsouthern regions ofthe Republic. The specially developed social hygienic questionnaire was applied. The study established that 52-55.5% of indigenous families have three and more children and are positioned as large families. At the same time, 22.6-32.2% offamilies are incomplete and 11.5-38.5% of children are born in unregistered marriage. The income lower than living wage have 55.9-67.9% of indigenous families. The lacking of permanent income is one of the causes of such situation in case of 20-28.6% of parents. Only 30.7-53.6% of indigenous families can be considered as well-to-do ones. From 464% to 69.3% offamilies are considered as disadvantaged in consequence of unfavorable psychological climate (in 33.7-43.6% of families); occurrence of frequent quarrels and conflicts (in 3.8-9.0% offamilies), alcoholization of one or both parents (in 5.7-10.9% of families), presence of relatives with previous convictions (in 7.4-11.4%).

[The frequency-contrast sensitivity of visual stimulus perception in patients with schizophrenia with the therapy of atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs].

We studied the effect of typical and atypical antipsychotics drag treatment on the perception of visual stimulus which activates preferentially different visual channels. We recorded contrast sensitivity in normal and schizophrenic patients. Elements presented with Gabor-like gratings with sinusoidal distribution of brightness, spatial frequency: 0.4 cycles/degree, 3.6 and 17.9 cycles/degree. Patients were divided into two groups. One group--patients treated with atypical antipsychotics, and the second group--patients treated with typical antipsychotics drags. Registered a decline compared with the normal contrast sensitivity for low and medium spatial frequencies. We observed significant difference between two groups of patients in the range of low spatial frequencies.

[The medical social status of adolescents of the Republic of Tuva].

The characteristics of the social status of the adolescents of indigenous population of the Republic of Tuva are presented. The questionnaire was proposed to 206 eleventh grade students of general education schools (128 respondents from rural area and 78 respondents from urban area). The development of the personality of adolescents occurs in the unfavorable conditions and under the negative impact of the factors of nearest environment. The hierarchy of the adolescents' vital values is analyzed. The adolescents give preference to school studies, personal health caring, sports and friendship. Such values as family establishment, sex and feasting revelry are rejected by the respondents. The study results are recommended to be applied in the planning of psychological medical and educational activities in the field of the development of the healthy life-style among the students of general education schools.

[The influence of severe iodine insufficiency on the character of intellectual deficit].

To study mental deficit in 60 children living in the areas with marked insufficiency of iodine in the soil, water and air, pupils of 3-4 grades of secondary schools in the western regions of Tyva Republic, where researchers of the State Medical Research Institute, Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Sciences, had discovered the hotbed of severe iodine insufficiency in 1997, were examined. Authors also studied 175 children who lived in the same social and economic conditions in the areas with light and moderate degree of iodine insufficiency. Impairments of memory, mental ability, intellectual function and visual motor coordination were found in the structure of mental deficit caused by the severe iodine insufficiency. In children from areas with light and moderate iodine insufficiency these disturbances were more subtle. Disturbances of analytical synthetic function and logical thinking were determined in the intellectual sphere. Processes suggesting between sensory integration disturbances were found in the perceptual sphere.