ABSTRACT
This review is devoted to the English- and Russian-language terminology of quantitative metrics that are used in the evaluation of images obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The paper presents an analysis of the use of terms characterizing intraretinal blood flow (vascular density, perfusion density, skeletonized density, etc.), area and shape of the foveal avascular zone, and choriocapillaris blood flow. The factors causing the heterogeneity of OCT-A terminology are described, including the lack of a unified international nomenclature for OCT-A, features of their Russian translation, inconsistency of the parameters in optical coherence tomography systems of different manufacturers. The article also considers ways to standardize the terminology.
Subject(s)
Retinal Vessels , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Humans , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Terminology as Topic , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Choroid/blood supply , Choroid/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The article reviews the concept of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and presents a brief history of the technology, its implementation in modern commercial tomography, the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Subject(s)
Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
The article reviews the evolution of visual acuity assessment and gives comparison of the visual acuity charts (Snellen vs. ETDRS) widely used in research and clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Vision Tests , Visual Acuity , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Insufficient and controversial knowledge about the macular drusen (MD), a lack of scientifically proven management methods for drusen and their strong correlation with AMD active progression makes MD an important area of research. AIM: The purpose of the study to assess clinical feature of MD using modern digital imaging technologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with both hard and soft drusen were studied using fluorescein angiography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, autofluorescence (both short-wavelength and near infra-red), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in Multicolor mode. The retina, choroid and vitreoretinal interface were assessed on 50 patients with AMD and drusen using different imaging modalities. An additional group of the study was presented by 5 patients with geographic atrophy (GA) formed as a result of soft drusen fading, where retrospective assessment of the OCT scans was performed with special attention to the signs of soft drusen regression associated with atrophy of the overlying RPE. RESULTS: Two types of hard drusen were defined as the reticular pseudodrusen and the cuticular drusen. The qualitative and comparative analysis of data for each type of MD was performed. Vitreoretinal interface evaluation demonstrated the correlation between vitreomacular adhesion and mixed reticular and cuticular drusen. The choroidal thickness assessment in 9 different macular sectors in drusenoid eyes does not reveal a significant difference with control group. All of the analysed drusen-faded-eyes initially had been presented with OCT patterns of "nascent" GA. CONCLUSION: The modern retinal imaging techniques enable new approach to the diagnostic differentiation and description of various macular drusen types. The value of these methods for AMD prognosis is yet to be further investigated.
Subject(s)
Bruch Membrane , Multimodal Imaging/methods , Retinal Drusen , Bruch Membrane/diagnostic imaging , Bruch Membrane/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Progression , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retinal Drusen/classification , Retinal Drusen/diagnosisABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) characteristics and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to investigate the associations between these parameters and clinical characteristics of patients for evaluation perspectives of using this method for monitoring of disability and neurodegenerative processes. We examined a total of 113 participants (analysis of 211 eyes), divided into three groups: 1. 48 MS patients (66 eyes) with a history of optic neuritis (ON); 2. 35 MS patients (70 eyes) without a history of ON; 3. 30 disease-free control subjects (45 eyes). The estudy included anamnesis collection, neurological examination with assessment of EDSS scores. Refracted visual acuity prior to optical coherence tomography (OCT) was tested. RTVue-100 ÐСТ system was used to assess peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular inner parameter (protocol GCC). The strongly correlated decline of the most RNFL and GCC indices was characteristic of all groups of MS patients with and without ON compared to controls. The damage of GCC was greater in patients with ON. The inverse correlation was found between the indices studied and the level of patient's disability. The study of GCC and RNFL thickness can be used to describe and characterize the level of axonal damage in MS and for objectification of neurodegenerative process in studies on neuroprotection and neuroreparation.
