ABSTRACT
By transrectal ultrasonography the volume of the prostate is determined two times using the conventional planimetric method. Thereafter the US scanner is placed in a fixture which is retracted repeatedly. For this a motordrive has been developed. The images of each section are improved by digital processing, and the prostatic outline is determined interactively by developed image processing software. In this manner the total volume of the prostate is calculated. In a post-mortem study prostates of 9 cadavers were measured with the conventional planimetry and by means of digital processing and analysis. The results were compared with the results obtained after removal of the prostate. In a clinical study the prostatic volumes of 20 patients were measured in a similar way. The results of the two methods are compared. Both in the cadaver study and the patient study we found a good correlation between the conventional method and the computerized method. In the cadaver study we noticed a better correlation between the prostatic volume found with the computerized method and the volume obtained after prostatectomy. Also the reproducibility of this method turned out to be better.
Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Prostate/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Male , Prostate/anatomy & histology , Ultrasonography/instrumentation , Ultrasonography/methodsABSTRACT
The present study is based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of seven chondroblastomas, including one lung metastasis occurring 9 years after treatment. Chondroblastomas were shown to co-express vimentin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and the epithelial markers recognized by CAM 5.2, EMA and a polyclonal cytokeratin antibody. The cytokeratins present in the tumour cells of the lung metastasis were characterized as cytokeratins 8, 18, 19 and, to a lesser extent, cytokeratin 7. The results suggest aberrant cytokeratin expression in chrondroblastomas.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/metabolism , Chondroblastoma/metabolism , Keratins/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Chondroblastoma/pathology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , MaleABSTRACT
In this study 22 histomorphometric parameters were used to quantify the histologic changes in the vagina, trigone of the bladder, and the proximal and distal urethra of 37 women aged between 18 and 82 years. The results of this quantitative study revealed a hormonally induced, age-independent atrophy of smooth muscle in the lamina propria of the mucosa and the longitudinal part of the muscular layer in the aforementioned anatomical sites in post-menopausal women. In the lamina propria of the mucosa of the lower urogenital tract in post-menopausal women hormonally induced quantitative changes of blood vessels were not observed. Senile atrophy of smooth muscles was only observed in the deeper part of the muscular layer of the vagina and the trigone of the urinary bladder and was less prominent than the hormonally induced smooth muscle atrophy.
