Measuring urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde levels in women with overactive bladder.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explain the role of oxidative stress in women with overactive bladder (OAB) by investigating the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 women were included in the study: 45 female patients diagnosed with OAB at Hopa State Hospital Urology Polyclinic and 45 healthy women without any metabolic or neurologic disease. Levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were measured in 24-hour urine samples for all subjects. Results: Urinary levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in the OAB group than in the control group (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation (p<0.001) was found between the measurements of 8-OHdG and MDA. Conclusions: Oxidative stress may be important in the pathophysiology of OAB, because levels of 8-OHdG and MDA are increased. Increased levels of 8-OHdG may be due to damaged nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as a result of oxidative attacks caused by free radicals. Nevertheless, further randomized and prospective studies with larger patient populations are needed.

The Effects of Hesperidin and Quercetin on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-6 Levels in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Model.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that occurs as a result of absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin release and/or insulin effect due to impairment of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, and it is characterized by hyperglycemia and leads to various complications. OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of hesperidin (HP) and quercetin, which are natural flavonoids, on serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental animals were divided into four groups, each group comprising ten rats designated as follows: Group 1 served as control rats (C); Group 2 served as diabetic rats (DM); Group 3 served as diabetic rats administered HP (DM + HP) (100 mg/kg b. w.); and Group 4 served as diabetic rats administered quercetin (DM + Q) (100 mg/kg b. w.). RESULTS: Serum MDA and GSH levels were significantly higher in STZ-induced DM group than control group (P < 0.05). In DM + HP and DM + Q groups, MDA levels were significantly decreased compared to DM groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference GSH levels between DM, DM + HP, and DM + Q groups (P > 0.05). TNF-α levels in STZ-induced DM group were significantly decreased compared to control group (P < 0.05), and groups of DM + HP and DM + Q had higher serum TNF-α levels than STZ-induced DM group (P < 0.05). In STZ-induced DM group, serum IL-6 levels were decreased compared to control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result, in this study, we determined that HP and quercetin may play an effective role in regulating insulin metabolism metabolism in diabetes. However, considering the incompatibility of various results in the literature as well as our own results, we think that the actual role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of diabetes is one of the issues that need to be clarified in further studies. SUMMARY: Hesperidin (HP) and quercetin reduced the insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels and raised the glutathione (GSH) levels compared to diabetes mellitus (DM) groupSZT-induced DM increased the MDA serum levels and decreased the GSH levels compared to control groupHP and quercetin-treated rats showed higher interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokine levels than DM groupHP and quercetin may play an effective role in regulating insulin metabolism in diabetes. Abbreviations used: DM: Diabetes mellitus, MDA: Malondialdehyde, GSH: Glutathione; IL-6: Interleukin-6, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha, HP: Hesperidin, Q; Quercetin, STZ: Streptozotocin, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglyceride, HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDL-C: Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

The effect of hesperidin and quercetin on oxidative stress, NF-κB and SIRT1 levels in a STZ-induced experimental diabetes model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of SIRT1 and NF-κB in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in rats with STZ-induced diabetes and determine the effects of hesperidin and quercetin on oxidative stress and on the levels of SIRT1 and NF-κB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental animals were divided into four groups, each group comprising ten rats designated as follows: group 1 served as control rats (C); group 2 served as diabetic rats (DM); group 3 served as diabetic rats administered hesperidin (DM+HSP) (100mg/kg b.w.) in aqueous suspension orally for 15 days; and group 4 served as diabetic rats administered quercetin (DM+Q) (100mg/kg b.w.) in aqueous suspension orally for 15 days. RESULTS: In diabetic group, liver and kidney SIRT1, SOD and CAT activities were significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). Hesperidin and quercetin caused significant increase in the SIRT1, SOD and CAT activities of both DM+HP and DM+Q groups kidney tissues compared to DM group (p<0.05). Liver SOD activies were not found to differ significantly between DM, DM+Q and DM+HP groups (p>0.05). In DM+HP group, liver CAT activities were significantly higher than DM (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in liver CAT activities between DM and DM+Q (p>0.05). In diabetic group, liver and kidney NF-κB and MDA levels were increased compared to control group (p<0.05), and groups of DM+HP and DM+Q had lower NF-κB and MDA levels than diabetic group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, based on the results we obtained from this study and the literature data discussed above, we determined in STZ-induced diabetic rats that, increased glucose levels and liver and kidney damage markers decreased significantly after administration of hesperedin and quercetin, and that oxidative stress and NF-κB levels increased while SIRT1 levels decreased in the diabetic group.