Cytological diagnosis of chondroblastoma: diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologist.

Chondroblastoma is an uncommon osseous neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of all bone tumours. It characteristically arises in the epiphysis or epimetaphyseal region of long bones and has been reported to affect people of all ages with slight male predilection. WHO has defined chondroblastoma as 'a benign, cartilage-producing neoplasm usually arising in the epiphyses of skeletally immature patients'. The authors document the cytological features on fine-needle aspiration cytology of a chondroblastoma which appeared as a lytic lesion in the upper end of the right fibula, an uncommon site, in an 18-year-old male patient. X-ray feature combined with fine-needle aspiration cytology favoured the diagnosis of chondroblastoma, which was further confirmed by histopathological examination.

Retinal tissue in mature cystic teratoma of ovary presenting with full-term pregnancy.

Mature cystic teratomas are benign ovarian neoplasms which account for around 95% of all ovarian germ cell tumours and contain tissues derived from two or three embryonic germ layers. These tumours are frequently diagnosed in women of reproductive age group and can result in fetomaternal distress if concurrent pregnancy occurs. The authors describe a case of successful natural pregnancy in a 30-year-old woman with coexisting mature cystic teratoma of ovary that culminated in viable childbirth at term. Subsequent histopathological examination of the tumour revealed a mature teratoma composed predominantly of ectodermal elements along with retinal tissues--a rare finding that prompted this case report.

Paraganglioma of the thyroid gland: cytologists' enigma.

Paraganglioma is a neuroendocrine tumour derived from extra-adrenal cells of the neural crest paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. These rare neoplasms comprise of around 0.012% of head and neck tumours. Paraganglioma arising in the thyroid gland is exceptionally uncommon and can present as a diagnostic challenge on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). We report a case of primary thyroid paraganglioma in a 19-year-old woman who presented with a solitary thyroid nodule without palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. FNAC from the lesion caused diagnostic dilemma by mimicking follicular neoplasm and C-cell-derived thyroid tumours; final diagnosis was established by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The main purpose of this case report is to discuss the differential diagnosis and emphasise on the need of immune markers in the diagnosis of thyroid paraganglioma. In view of the uncertain malignant potential of these tumours, a long-term follow-up is recommended.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of Male Breast: An Unusual Presentation.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare tumor, which usually presents during early or middle adult life, as erythematous indurated firm subcutaneous nodules. DFSP involving the breast is a rare phenomenon and even rarer in males. We describe a case of a male patient who presented with this tumor in his left breast.