ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is an extremely rare benign disease characterized by widespread lesions of the abdominal cavity, pelvis, and retroperitoneal space with tumor nodules of varying size and number, which are benign neoplasms consisting of smooth muscle fibers in their histological structure. AIM: To analyze clinical cases of DPL with a concise review of the current state of the DPL diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 5 clinical cases of DPL of female patients aged 39-50 years (mean age 46.2 years) who underwent surgical treatment at the National Cancer Institute from 2010 to 2021. In all 5 patients, the diagnosis of DPL (8898/1) was verified according to pathological (using routine hematoxylin/eosin staining) and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. RESULTS: All patients underwent surgical treatment with a laparotomy approach, the extent and radicality of which depended on the location and number of tumor lesions. At the time of follow-up, all 5 patients were alive and did not receive any special oncological treatment. CONCLUSIONS: DPL is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations from polyserositis to acute abdomen, depending on the location and size of the main tumor focus. IHC analysis is the criterion for the final diagnosis, and radical removal of all tumor foci provides the best therapeutic prognosis. The treatment should be carried out in highly specialized cancer centers where surgeons have gained sufficient experience in performing cytoreductive surgery.
