Prospective assessment of the impact of intraoperative diuretics in kidney transplant recipient surgery.

BACKGROUND: The use of intraoperative diuretics, such as furosemide or mannitol, during kidney transplantation has been suggested to reduce the rate of delayed graft function (DGF). The evidence base for this is sparse, however, and there is substantial variation in practice. We sought to evaluate whether the use of intraoperative diuretics during kidney transplantation translated into a reduction in DGF. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study evaluating the use of furosemide or mannitol given intraoperatively before kidney reperfusion compared with control (no diuretic). Adult patients receiving a kidney transplant for end-stage renal disease were allocated to receive furosemide, mannitol, or no diuretic. The primary outcome was DGF; secondary outcomes were graft function at 30 days and perioperative changes in potassium levels. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used where appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 162 patients who received a kidney transplant from a deceased donor (either donation after neurologic determination of death or donation after circulatory death) were included over a 2-year period, with no significant between-group differences. There was no significant difference in DGF rates between the furosemide, mannitol, and control groups. When the furosemide and mannitol groups were pooled (any diuretic use) and compared with the control group, however, there was a significant improvement in the odds that patients would be free of DGF (odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.06-4.16, 26% v. 44%, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences noted in any secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the use of an intraoperative diuretic (furosemide or mannitol) may result in a reduction in DGF in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Further study in the form of a randomized controlled trial is warranted.

Comparison of analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen and dexketoprofen in pain management of long bone fractures: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

INTRODUCTION: Long bone fractures (LBF) often cause severe pain, impacting patients' quality of life. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of dexketoprofen (Dex) and ibuprofen (Ibu) in LBF patients in the emergency department. METHODS: Conducted between August 10, 2023, and January 17, 2024, the study included 100 eligible patients randomized into Dex and Ibu groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, and 120 min. DeltaVAS (ΔVAS) values and ΔVAS percentages (ΔVAS%) were calculated. Primary endpoints were ΔVAS scores (ΔVAS 30-60-120) and ΔVAS% for comparative analysis. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in ΔVAS30 (p = 0.359). However, ΔVAS60 exhibited a significant difference (p = 0.027), as did ΔVAS120 (p = < 0.001). ΔVAS%30 showed no significance (p = 0.224), but ΔVAS%60 and ΔVAS%120 were clinically and statistically significant (p = 0.017 and p = < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ibuprofen 800 mg demonstrated superior analgesic efficacy at 60 and 120 min compared to Dex in long bone fractures. These findings suggest ibuprofen's potential as an effective pain management option in emergency departments.

Comparison of rocuronium priming vs. standard rapid sequence intubation technique in emergency department patients requiring intubation.

OBJECTIVE: In our study, we aimed to compare the effect of standard rapid sequence intubation protocol and the application of rocuronium priming technique on the procedure time and hemodynamic profile. METHODS: Patients who applied to the emergency department and needed rapid sequence intubation were included in our study, which we conducted with a randomized controlled design. Randomization in the study was made according to the order of arrival of the cases. Rapid sequence intubation was performed in the standard group. In the priming group, 10% of the rocuronium dose was administered approximately 3 min before the induction agent. Intubation time, amount of drug used, vital signs, and end-tidal CO2 level before and after intubation used to confirm intubation were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients were included in the study, of which 26 patients were included in the standard group and 26 patients in the priming group. While intubation time was 121.2±21.9 s in the standard group, it was calculated as 68.4±11.6 s in the priming group (p<0.001). While the mean arterial pressure was 58.3±26.6 mmHg in the standard group after intubation, it was 80.6±21.1 mmHg in the priming group (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: It was observed that priming with rocuronium shortened the intubation time and preserved the hemodynamic profile better. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05343702.

Redox System and Oxidative Stress-Targeted Therapeutic Approaches in Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common genitourinary malignancy, with a high global incidence and recurrence rate that is paired with an increasing caregiver burden and higher financial cost, in addition to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Histologically, BCa is categorized into non-muscle invasive, muscle invasive, and metastatic BCa, on the basis of which the therapeutic strategy is determined. Despite all innovations and recent advances in BCa research, conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery fall short in the complete management of this important malignancy. Besides this worrying trend, the molecular basis of BCa development also remains poorly understood. Burgeoning evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the body's antioxidant production plays an integral role in BCa development and progression. Hence, ROS-induced oxidative stress-related pathways are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets of BCa. This review focuses on our current understanding regarding ROS-associated pathways in BCa pathogenesis and progression, as well as on antioxidants as potential adjuvants to conventional BCa therapy.

Can We Predict Kidney Graft Function and Graft Survival Using Hypothermic Machine Perfusion Parameters From Donors After Circulatory Death?

Background: Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) reduces renal injury in donation after circulatory death donors with a high Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI). This study aims to characterize the correlation between KDPI, HMP parameters, and donor vitals during the withdrawal period in predicting short- and long-term graft outcomes. Methods: ANOVA with Tukey's honestly significant difference tests compared the relationship between average flow, average resistance, peak resistance, flow slope, and resistance slope on day 30, 1-y, and 3-y eGFR, and days of delayed graft function. Graft and recipient survival rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: The data for 72 grafts were suitable for analysis. Kidneys with KDPI >50% had a significantly higher day 30, and 1-y posttransplant eGFR, if HMP average flow was >150 mL/min, or the average resistance was <0.15 mm Hg/mL/min, compared with kidneys with also KDPI >50% but had not achieved the same pump parameters. There were no significant differences in the Kaplan-Meier analysis, considering recipient or graft survival, regardless of the KPDI score with 3- or 5-y outcomes. Conclusions: Use of average resistance and average flow from a HMP, in conjunction with KDPI, may be predictive of the short- and long-term function of donation after circulatory death kidney transplants.

Canadian Anatomic Kidney Score: Quantitative Macroscopic Assessment of Donor Kidney Quality for Transplantation.

Background: The Canadian Anatomic Kidney Score (CAKS) is a novel 6-point grading system that standardizes the gross description of a donor kidney across 3 components-vessels, anatomy, and sticky fat. We hypothesized that the CAKS predicts allograft functional outcomes and provides additional information to the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and histologic assessment of the donor kidney. Methods: Single-center cohort of 145 patients who underwent renal transplantation with CAKS analysis between 2018 and 2021. CAKS was prospectively determined before transplantation. Preimplantation core biopsies were assessed according to the Remuzzi score (RS). The primary outcome was 1-y allograft function represented by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Linear regression without adjustment for KDPI or RS showed a significant association between the CAKS and 1-y eGFR (-8.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 per point increase in CAKS; 95% CI, -13.0 to -4.4; P < 0.001). Most of that association was attributed to the vessel component (-12.1; -19.4 to -4.8; P = 0.002). Adjustment for KDPI and RS attenuated the relationship between 1-y function and CAKS (-4.6; -9.5 to 0.3; P = 0.065) and vessel component (-7.4; -15.2 to 0.5; P = 0.068). Conclusions: Anatomic assessment of donor kidneys at the time of transplantation associates with allograft function at 1 y. Vascular assessment appears to make the dominant contribution.

Evaluating the Effects of Kidney Preservation at 10 °C with Hemopure and Sodium Thiosulfate in a Rat Model of Syngeneic Orthotopic Kidney Transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is preferred for end-stage renal disease. The current gold standard for kidney preservation is static cold storage (SCS) at 4 °C. However, SCS contributes to renal graft damage through ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We previously reported renal graft protection after SCS with a hydrogen sulfide donor, sodium thiosulfate (STS), at 4 °C. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether SCS at 10 °C with STS and Hemopure (blood substitute), will provide similar protection. Using in vitro model of IRI, we subjected rat renal proximal tubular epithelial cells to hypoxia-reoxygenation for 24 h at 10 °C with or without STS and measured cell viability. In vivo, we preserved 36 donor kidneys of Lewis rats for 24 h in a preservation solution at 10 °C supplemented with STS, Hemopure, or both followed by transplantation. Tissue damage and recipient graft function parameters, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine osmolality, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), were evaluated. STS-treated proximal tubular epithelial cells exhibited enhanced viability at 10 °C compared with untreated control cells (p < 0.05). Also, STS and Hemopure improved renal graft function compared with control grafts (p < 0.05) in the early time period after the transplant, but long-term function did not reach significance. Overall, renal graft preservation at 10 °C with STS and Hemopure supplementation has the potential to enhance graft function and reduce kidney damage, suggesting a novel approach to reducing IRI and post-transplant complications.

Organ storage in renal transplantation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Kidney transplantation is vital for those with end-stage renal disease, enhancing quality of life and longevity. It is the preferred treatment but is hindered by a global disparity between donor kidney availability and demand. Therefore, optimizing organ storage techniques is crucial to mitigate the effects of ischemia reperfusion injury in available organs. Recent interest has centered on innovative methods like oxygenated normothermic perfusion and abdominal regional perfusion. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple recent metanalyses, including a Cochrane review, confirm the benefits of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) for deceased donor kidneys, demonstrating its utility and cost effectiveness. The benefits of oxygenated normothermic perfusion have been seen in retrospective data sets but not in prospective trials. Abdominal regional perfusion (aNRP) is gaining interest, especially for liver transplantation, but kidney specific data are scant. SUMMARY: High-quality evidence backs the use of HMP for deceased donor kidneys. Despite interest in other techniques, clinical evidence for their benefits in kidney transplantation is lacking. The gap between innovation and verified success emphasizes the need for continued research and collaboration between medical professionals, researchers, and ethical committees. This review aims to further illuminate the complexities and advancements in the field, bridging the knowledge gap and aiding in the continual pursuit of excellence in transplantation.

A Prospective Study of the Effect of Gastroduodenal Artery Reconstruction on Duodenal Oxygenation and Enzyme Content After Pancreas Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Whole pancreas transplantation provides durable glycemic control and can improve survival rate; however, it can carry an increased risk of surgical complications. One devastating complication is a duodenal leak at the site of enteroenteric anastomosis. The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) supplies blood to the donor duodenum and pancreas but is commonly ligated during procurement. Since we have not had expressive changes in pancreatic back table surgical techniques in the recent decades, we hypothesized whether back table GDA reconstruction, improving perfusion of the donor duodenum and head of the pancreas, could lead to fewer surgical complications in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2017 and 2021, we evaluated demographic information, postoperative complications, intraoperative donor duodenum, recipient bowel O2 tissue saturation, and patient morbidity through the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®). RESULTS: A total of 26 patients were included: 13 underwent GDA reconstruction (GDA-R), and 13 had GDA ligation (GDA-L). There were no pancreatic leaks in the GR group compared to 38% (5/13) in the GDA-L group (p = 0.03913). Intraoperative tissue oxygen saturation was higher in the GDA-R group than in the GDA-L (95.18 vs.76.88%, p < 0,001). We observed an increase in transfusion rate in GDA-R (p < 0.05), which did not result in a higher rate of exploration (p = 0.38). CCI® patient morbidity was also significantly lower in the GDA-R group (s < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified improved intraoperative duodenal tissue oxygen saturation in the GDA-R group with an associated reduction in pancreatic leaks and CCI® morbidity risk. A larger prospective multicenter study comparing the two methods is warranted.

Static Cold Storage with Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Improves Renal Graft Function in an Ex Vivo Porcine Model of Controlled Donation-after-Cardiac-Death Kidney Transplantation.

The global donor kidney shortage crisis has necessitated the use of suboptimal kidneys from donors-after-cardiac-death (DCD). Using an ex vivo porcine model of DCD kidney transplantation, the present study investigates whether the addition of hydrogen sulfide donor, AP39, to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution improves graft quality. Renal pedicles of male pigs were clamped in situ for 30 min and the ureters and arteries were cannulated to mimic DCD. Next, both donor kidneys were nephrectomized and preserved by static cold storage in UW solution with or without AP39 (200 nM) at 4 °C for 4 h followed by reperfusion with stressed autologous blood for 4 h at 37 °C using ex vivo pulsatile perfusion apparatus. Urine and arterial blood samples were collected hourly during reperfusion. After 4 h of reperfusion, kidneys were collected for histopathological analysis. Compared to the UW-only group, UW+AP39 group showed significantly higher pO2 (p < 0.01) and tissue oxygenation (p < 0.05). Also, there were significant increases in urine production and blood flow rate, and reduced levels of urine protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, plasma Na+ and K+, as well as reduced intrarenal resistance in the UW+AP39 group compared to the UW-only group. Histologically, AP39 preserved renal structure by reducing the apoptosis of renal tubular cells and immune cell infiltration. Our finding could lay the foundation for improved graft preservation and reduce the increasingly poor outcomes associated with DCD kidney transplantation.

Placebo-controlled randomized double-blind comparison of the analgesic efficacy of lidocaine spray and etofenamate spray in pain control of rib fractures.

BACKGROUND: As far as we could detect, we could not find any study in literature on the analgesic efficacy of spray forms of lidocaine and etofenamate in rib fractures. In this study, our aim is to empirically compare the analgesic efficacy of etofenamate spray, lidocaine 10% spray and placebo spray in the management of pain secondary to trauma secondary to isolated rib fractures. METHODS: The study was designed according to a single-center, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study model. About 30 sealed envelopes were prepared for each of the 3 groups and 30 patients were included in each group. A total of 84 cases were included in the study (three groups: 27, 28, 29). RESULTS: Numeric rating scale (NRS) grades at admission and at 15-30-60-120 min were similar between the three groups (P>0.05). Analysis findings of NRS perception differences between the initial NRS level and the 15-30-60-120th min NRS difference at the 0-120th min showed more lidocaine spray organs, and it was not clearly perceived that these four parameters went between the 3 groups for the outline. CONCLUSION: The analgesic efficacy of lidocaine 10% spray, etofenamate spray, and placebo spray used together with standard dexketoprofen 50 mg intravenous treatment in the pain management of rib fractures were similar to each other and although there was a difference at the 120th min, this difference was not statistically significant.

Non-Invasive Imaging Modalities in Intravesical Murine Models of Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the sixth most prevalent cancer in men and seventeenth most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Current treatment paradigms have limited therapeutic impact, suggesting an urgent need for the investigation of novel therapies. To best emulate the progression of human BCa, a pre-clinical intravesical murine model is required in conjunction with existing non-invasive imaging modalities to detect and evaluate cancer progression. Non-invasive imaging modalities reduce the number of required experimental models while allowing for longitudinal studies of novel therapies to investigate long-term efficacy. In this review, we discuss the individual and multi-modal use of non-invasive imaging modalities; bioluminescence imaging (BLI), micro-ultrasound imaging (MUI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) in BCa evaluation. We also provide an update on the potential and the future directions of imaging modalities in relation to intravesical murine models of BCa.

Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Lidocaine Spray versus Tramadol and Fentanyl for Pain Control in Rib Fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic efficacy of lidocaine spray with tramadol hydrochloride and fentanyl citrate in rib fractures. STUDY DESIGN: A randomised, controlled open-label study. Place and Duration of the Study: Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Turkiye, from June to November 2021. METHODOLOGY: Patients over the age of 18 years, who applied to the Emergency Department with blunt chest trauma, were divided into three groups. Groups were created from patients who were given lidocaine 10% spray (local), i.v. 100 mg of tramadol, and i.v. fentanyl 50 mcg. A total of 48 patients, each of whom was 16, were included in the study. Numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores of the patients at baseline, 15th, 30th and 60th minutes were compared. These scores and the number of falls at follow-up were analysed comparatively between the 3 groups. RESULTS: The age and gender distribution of the patients included in the study were found to be statistically similar between the groups. Although the degrees of decrease in NRS scores in the 0-15, 0-30, and 0-60 minute periods were higher in the tramadol group, these differences were not statistically significant (p=0.465/ 0.256/ 0.678, respectively). While no side effects were observed in the lidocaine group, there were 4 (25.0%) patients in the fentanyl group and 2 (12.5%) patients in the tramadol group. CONCLUSION: Lidocaine spray can be used safely in the management of acute pain in rib fractures, as it has fewer side effects and is as effective as opiates. KEY WORDS: Analgesia, Fentanyl, Lidocaine spray, Pain, Rib fracture, Tramadol.

Evaluation of descriptive performances of platelet indices, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and platelet/lymphocyte ratio in aortic dissections.

OBJECTIVE: Mechanical damage resulting from aortic dissection creates a thrombus in the false lumen, in which platelets are involved. Platelet index is useful for the function and activation of platelets. The aim of this study was to show the clinical relevance of the platelet index of aortic dissection. METHODS: A total of 88 patients diagnosed with aortic dissection were included in this retrospective study. Demographic data and hemogram and biochemistry results of the patients were determined. Patients were divided into two groups: deceased and surviving patients. The data obtained were compared with 30-day mortality. The primary outcome was the relationship of platelet index with mortality. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients, 22 of whom were female (25.0%), diagnosed with aortic dissection, were included in the study. It was determined that 27 (30.7%) of the patients were mortal. The mean age of the entire patient group was 58±13 years. According to the DeBakey classification of aortic dissection of the patients, the percentages of the 1-2-3 type were determined as 61.4, 8.0, and 30.7%, respectively. Platelet index was not found to be directly related to mortality. Increase in age, decrease in bicarbonate value, and presence of diabetes mellitus were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Although there were no significant changes in platelet index in aortic dissection, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were found to be high in line with the literature. In particular, the presence of advanced age diabetes mellitus and decrease in bicarbonate are associated with mortality.

Pre-Treatment of Transplant Donors with Hydrogen Sulfide to Protect against Warm and Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Kidney and Other Transplantable Solid Organs.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a pathological condition resulting from prolonged cessation and subsequent restoration of blood flow to a tissue, is an inevitable consequence of solid organ transplantation. Current organ preservation strategies, such as static cold storage (SCS), are aimed at reducing IRI. However, prolonged SCS exacerbates IRI. Recent research has examined pre-treatment approaches to more effectively attenuate IRI. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third established member of a family of gaseous signaling molecules, has been shown to target the pathophysiology of IRI and thus appears to be a viable candidate that can overcome the transplant surgeon's enemy. This review discusses pre-treatment of renal grafts and other transplantable organs with H2S to mitigate transplantation-induced IRI in animal models of transplantation. In addition, ethical principles of pre-treatment and potential applications of H2S pre-treatment in the prevention of other IRI-associated conditions are discussed.

Heparin Thromboprophylaxis in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Thrombosis is a leading causes of pancreas graft loss after simultaneous pancreas kidney (SPK), pancreas after kidney (PAK), and pancreas transplant alone (PTA). There remains no standardized thromboprophylaxis protocol. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the impact of heparin thromboprophylaxis on the incidence of pancreas thrombosis, pancreas graft loss, bleeding, and secondary outcomes in SPK, PAK, and PTA. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched BIOSIS®, PubMed®, Cochrane Library®, EMBASE®, MEDLINE®, and Web of Science® on April 21, 2021. Primary peer-reviewed studies that met inclusion criteria were included. Two methods of quantitative synthesis were performed to account for comparative and non-comparative studies. We included 11 studies, comprising of 1,122 patients in the heparin group and 236 patients in the no-heparin group. When compared to the no-heparin control, prophylactic heparinization significantly decreased the risk of early pancreas thrombosis and pancreas loss for SPK, PAK and PTA without increasing the incidence of bleeding or acute return to the operating room. Heparin thromboprophylaxis yields an approximate two-fold reduction in both pancreas thrombosis and pancreas loss for SPK, PAK and PTA. We report the dosage, frequency, and duration of heparin administration to consolidate the available evidence.

The Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Donor Kidneys During Oxygenated Ex Vivo Subnormothermic Preservation.

Evidence suggests that nutritional supplementation during normothermic ex vivo perfusion improves organ preservation. However, it is unclear whether the same benefit is observed during room temperature (subnormothermic) oxygenated perfusion. In this study, we tested the impact of providing complete nutrition during subnormothermic perfusion on kidney outcomes. Methods: Porcine kidneys were recovered after 30 min of cross clamping the renal artery in situ to simulate warm ischemic injury. After flushing with preservation solution, paired kidneys were cannulated and randomly assigned to perfusion with either (1) hemoglobin-carrier hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier or (2) hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier + total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 12 h at 22 °C. To mimic reperfusion injury, all kidneys were reperfused with whole blood for an additional 4 h at 37 °C. Kidney function and damage were assessed. Results: Kidneys preserved with or without TPN performed equally well, showing similar renal function postreperfusion. Histological findings indicated similar levels of damage from apoptosis staining and acute tubular necrosis scores in both groups. Additionally, markers of renal damage (KIM-1) and inflammation (IL-6; high-mobility group box 1) were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Unlike other studies using normothermic oxygenated perfusion platforms, nutritional supplementation does not appear to provide any additional benefit during ex vivo kidney preservation over 12 h evaluated by whole blood-based reperfusion method at subnormothermic temperature. Further study should include a kidney autotransplant model to assess the role of TPN in vivo.

Are thiol-disulfide homeostasis & neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio useful in the differential diagnosis of acute familial Mediterranean fever attacks & acute appendicitis?

Background & objectives: Continuous subclinical inflammation can be seen in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) during the attack-free period. The importance of oxidative stress parameters in acute appendicitis (AA) progression has also been shown in previous studies. So, oxidative stress and the oxidant/antioxidant balance may play a role in this persistent subclinical inflammation. With this background the main objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of combining the thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the differential diagnosis of AA and an acute FMF attack. Methods: The present study was conducted prospectively with 84 patients who were admitted to the emergency department between May 1, and December 31, 2018. Another 40 healthy individuals were assigned as the control group. The homeostasis parameters of thiol-disulfide were measured by a spectrophotometric method and NLR was measured in the patient and control groups. Results: Native thiol and total thiol values were lower, while disulfide values were insignificantly higher in patients with AA than in patients with FMF. The white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and NLR values were significantly higher in the AA group (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). When the neutrophil cut-off value for AA was set at 8.55, the calculated sensitivity was 80 per cent, the specificity was 72.2 per cent, and the area under the curve was 0.837. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of this study suggest that neutrophil, WBC and NLR values can be useful in the differentiation of AA from an acute FMF attack.

Manual versus mechanical chest compression in in-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective cohort in emergency department patients.

OBJECTIVE: Mechanical chest compression (CC) devices are frequently used in in-hospital and out-of-hospital settings. In this study, mechanical and manual CC in in-hospital cardiac arrest was compared in terms of survival. METHODS: Adult patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) for 2 years period and had cardiac arrest in the ED were included in this retrospective, observational study. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 7-day and 30-day survival and hospital discharge data were compared between the two groups of patients who underwent manual CC and those who had mechanical CC with the Lund University Cardiac Assist System-2 device. RESULTS: Although the rate of ROSC in the mechanical CC group was lower than in the manual CC group, this difference was not statistically significant (41.7% vs. 50.4%; P = 0.133). The 7-day survival rate was found to be statistically significantly higher in the mechanical CC group (19.4% vs. 8.9%; P = 0.012). The 30-day survival rate was also found to be high in the mechanical CC group, but this difference was not statistically significant (10.6% vs. 7.3%; P = 0.339). CONCLUSION: In the light of these results, we can say that the use of piston-based mechanical CC devices in ED may be beneficial. More reliable results can be obtained with a prospective study to be performed in the ED.