The Clinical Management of Intrascrotal Extratesticular Masses With Evaluation of Histopathologic Findings.

OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the literature by sharing the clinical presentation, surgical approach, postoperative complications management, and follow-up protocols of the patients we operated on due to intrascrotal extratesticular mass. METHODS: Thirty-two patients admitted due to intrascrotal extratesticular mass were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients such as age, initial clinical presentation, physical examination, radiological imaging findings, such as scrotal Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, mass size, and characteristics, surgical treatment procedures, operation notes, and patient follow-up visits were retrospectively examined and evaluated from the patient files. RESULTS: The median age of the 32 individuals included in the study was 52 (interquartile range: [45.0-60.5]) years. The primary reason for initial presentation was a palpable mass in 25 (78.1%) patients, pain in 13 (40.6%) patients, and scrotal swelling in 8 (25%) patients. The median mass diameter was 4.4 (interquartile range: [3.1-5.7]) cm. Surgical treatment involved inguinal excision in 29 cases (90.6%) and inguinoscrotal excision in 3 cases (9.4%). All patients were treated with testicle-sparing surgery. The most common tumor location, observed in 27 cases (84.3%), was the epididymis. The most frequent histopathological diagnosis was epididymal cyst, identified in 13 patients (40.6%). Pathology results showed that the mass was removed with negative margins in all patients. CONCLUSION: Testicular-sparing surgery through the inguinal approach is one of the surgical methods that can be preferred for intrascrotal extratesticular masses. This approach can both preserve the testicle and achieve successful surgical results. Studies with larger samples are needed on this subject. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Erzurum Medicine Faculty University Local Ethics Committee (approval number: BAEK 2023/08-105).

Relevance of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis / Relevancia de equinococosis alveolar con afectación pulmonar

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis (PAE) is a chronic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis with very low incidence in developed countries. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study included 34 patients who were diagnosed with PAE between January 2001 and February 2019 (15 males, 19 females, mean age: 52.4 ± 15.8 years, age range: 28-78 years) in Ataturk University Medical School, Erzurum, Turkey. RESULTS: The liver was the primary involved organ in all cases. Pulmonary involvement was detected in 13.0% (34/261) of all cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE), and three patients (8.8%) had both pulmonary metastasis and brain metastasis. The route of spread to the lungs based on radiological data was hematogeneous in 25 patients (73.5%), transdiaphragmatic in three patients (8.8%) and both hematogeneous and transdiaphragmatic in six patients (17.7%). AE showed bilateral involvement in 19 patients (55.9%), whereas only the right lung was involved in 12 patients (35.3%) and the left lung in three patients (8.8%). Of the patients, five underwent surgery due to PAE and 29 patients received medical therapy with albendazole. A total of three patients died during the follow-up period (2, 5 and 10 years after the diagnosis of PAE), while 31 patients continued with follow-up and treatment for a mean duration of 5.4 ± 3.8 years (1-14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hepatic AE must, as a matter of course, be screened for possible lung involvement. Albendazole therapy may slow down disease progression in patients with widespread pulmonary involvement who are not eligible for surgery

INTRODUCCIÓN: La equinococosis alveolar con afectación pulmonar (PAE) es una enfermedad crónica causada por Echinococcus multilocularis, cuya incidencia es muy baja en los países desarrollados. MÉTODOS: Estudio unicéntrico, retrospectivo en el cual se diagnosticaron 34 pacientes con PAE entre enero de 2001 y febrero de 2019 (15 varones y 19 mujeres, edad media: 52,4 ± 15,8 años, rango de edad: 28-78 años) en la Escuela Médica Univesitaria de Ataturk, Erzurum, Turquía. RESULTADOS: En el total de los casos incluidos en el estudio el hígado fue el principal órgano afectado. La afectación pulmonar se detectó en el 13% (34/261) de los casos con equinococosis alveolar (AE), y 3 pacientes (8,8%) presentaron tanto metástasis pulmonar como cerebral. De acuerdo con los datos radiológicos, la propagación a los pulmones fue por vía hematógena en 25 pacientes (73,5%), transdiafragmática en 3 pacientes (8,8%) y tanto hematógena como transdiafragmática en 6 pacientes (17,7%). Diecinueve pacientes (55,9%) presentaron PAE con afectación pulmonar bilateral, mientras que 12 pacientes (35,3%) presentaron afectación solo del pulmón derecho y 3 (8,8%) solo del izquierdo. De todos los pacientes, 5 fueron sometidos a cirugía debido a la PAE y 29 recibieron tratamiento médico con albendazol. Tres pacientes fallecieron durante el período de seguimiento (2,5 y 10 años después del diagnóstico de PAE), mientras que 31 continuaron con el seguimiento y el tratamiento durante 5,4±3,8 años de media (1-14 años). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con AE hepática se deben cribar de manera rutinaria para detectar una posible afectación pulmonar. El tratamiento con albendazol puede ralentizar la progresión de la enfermedad en pacientes con afectación pulmonar extendida que no son aptos para cirugía

The Diagnostic Value of the Changes in the Renal Glomerulus in the Postmortem Diagnosis of Freshwater Drownings.

Drowning is one of the major causes of unintentional injury death worldwide. As there are no pathomorphological findings specific to the diagnosis of drowning, definitive postmortem diagnosis of drowning continues to be a significant problem in forensic medicine. This study aims to present an additional diagnostic sign in cases of freshwater drowning by investigating the histopathological changes of renal tissue in the postmortem diagnosis of freshwater drowning. For this purpose, 103 cases were investigated in which the causes of death were freshwater drowning (n = 45), traffic accidents (n = 33) and acute myocardial infarction (n = 25). Renal corpuscular structures of selected cases were examined stereologically and histopathologically. Renal corpuscle diameter, renal corpuscle surface area, glomerular tuft surface area, and Bowman space were calculated by stereological method. When compared with the glomeruli of the control group, renal corpuscle diameter, renal corpuscle surface area, glomerular tuft surface area, and Bowman space values of kidney tissues of all freshwater drowning cases were found to be decreased (P < 0.001). These changes may be considered as an essential histopathological finding in postmortem diagnosis of freshwater drowning cases.

Relevance of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis (PAE) is a chronic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis with very low incidence in developed countries. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective study included 34 patients who were diagnosed with PAE between January 2001 and February 2019 (15 males, 19 females, mean age: 52.4±15.8 years, age range: 28-78 years) in Ataturk University Medical School, Erzurum, Turkey. RESULTS: The liver was the primary involved organ in all cases. Pulmonary involvement was detected in 13.0% (34/261) of all cases with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE), and three patients (8.8%) had both pulmonary metastasis and brain metastasis. The route of spread to the lungs based on radiological data was hematogeneous in 25 patients (73.5%), transdiaphragmatic in three patients (8.8%) and both hematogeneous and transdiaphragmatic in six patients (17.7%). AE showed bilateral involvement in 19 patients (55.9%), whereas only the right lung was involved in 12 patients (35.3%) and the left lung in three patients (8.8%). Of the patients, five underwent surgery due to PAE and 29 patients received medical therapy with albendazole. A total of three patients died during the follow-up period (2, 5 and 10 years after the diagnosis of PAE), while 31 patients continued with follow-up and treatment for a mean duration of 5.4±3.8 years (1-14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hepatic AE must, as a matter of course, be screened for possible lung involvement. Albendazole therapy may slow down disease progression in patients with widespread pulmonary involvement who are not eligible for surgery.

Pulmonary metastasectomy with laparotomy in alveolar echinococcosis.

Pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis is a tumor-like parasitic disease that occurs typically after hepatic involvement. In this article, we present a case of metastatic pulmonary alveolar echinococcosis that underwent laparotomy for hepatic involvement, in which we performed pulmonary metastasectomy with transdiaphragmatic intervention. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a metastatic nodule of approximately 1 cm in the superior segment of the right lung lower lobe. Approximately 7x3 cm diaphragmatic resection was performed due to diaphragmatic invasion. Pulmonary wedge resection for lung metastasis was performed intraabdominally from diaphragmatic defect. We believe that this technique can be applied safely in carefully selected patients with pulmonary involvement.

Human papillomavirus infection in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the HPV positivity rate in patients with laryngeal cancer, and to determine the effect of HPV positivity on survival. An additional aim was to determine if patients with HPV positive laryngeal cancer are more sensitive to chemotherapy and if such sensitivity differs according to chemotherapy protocol. METHODS: The study included laryngeal specimens obtained from 82 laryngeal cancer patients and 11 laryngeal specimens with normal laryngeal mucosa that were obtained from our hospital's paraffin block archives between 1995 and 2013. HPV was detected via chromogenic in situ hybridization (cISH) and confirmed via genotyping. RESULTS: HPV was not detected in any of the 82 laryngeal cancer patients' laryngeal specimens, nor in any of the 11 archived laryngeal specimens with normal laryngeal mucosa via cISH. Genotyping confirmed these findings; none of the HPV types studied were detected in any of the specimens. As none of the study samples were HPV positive, it was not possible to compare survival, recurrence, or chemotherapy sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: HPV infection is not a leading cause of laryngeal cancer; however, additional research on HPV positivity in patients with laryngeal cancer and its effect on recurrence, survival, and chemotherapy sensitivity is warranted.

The Protective Effect of Thiamine Pryophosphate Against Sugar-Induced Retinal Neovascularisation in Rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), administered via sugar water, on retinal neovascularisation in rats. Animals were assigned to three groups, namely the TPP sugar-water group (TPSWG, n = 12), the control group (CG, n = 12) and the healthy group (HG, n = 12). The TPSWG was injected intraperitoneally with TPP once a day for 6 months. CG and HG rats were given distilled water in the same way. TPSWG and CG rats were left free to access an additional 0.292 mmol /ml of sugar water for 6 months. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of the animals were measured monthly. After 6 months, biochemical, gene expression and histopathologic analyses were carried out in the retinal tissues removed from the animals after they were killed. The measured FBG levels were 6.96 ± 0.09 mmol/ml (p < 0.0001 vs. HG), 6.95 ± 0.06 mmol/ml (p < 0.0001 vs. HG) and 3.94 ± 0.10 mmol/ml in the CG, TPSWG and HG groups, respectively. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be 2.82 ± 0.23 (p < 0.0001 vs. HG), 1.40 ± 0.32 (p < 0.0001 vs. HG) and 1.66 ± 0.17 in the CG, TPSWG and HG, respectively. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) gene expression was increased (3.78 ± 0.29, p < 0.0001) and total glutathione (tGSH) was decreased (1.32 ± 0.25, p < 0.0001) in the retinal tissue of CG compared with TPSWG (1.92 ± 0.29 and 3.18 ± 0.46, respectively). Increased vascularisation and oedema were observed in the retinal tissue of CG, while the retinal tissues of TPSWG and HG rats had a normal histopathological appearance. A carbohydrate-rich diet may lead to pathological changes in the retina even in nondiabetics, but this may be overcome by TPP administration.

Prevalence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Turkish Population.

AIMS: Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis in non-small cell lung cancer is important for selecting patients who will receive treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and mutation patterns in the Turkish population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed molecular pathology reports of 959 cases with lung cancer analysed for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. We analysed all four epidermal growth factor receptor exon mutations using a real-time polymerase chain reaction platform. RESULTS: In this study, the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation rate in the Turkish population was 16.7% (160 of 959). The epidermal growth factor receptor mutation frequency was significantly higher in women (37.1%, n=96) than in men (9.1%, n=64) (p<0.001). In addition, the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation rate was higher in the adenocarcinoma histologic type (p<0.001). Patients with mutations were older than those without mutations (p=0.003). The most frequent mutations were exon 19 deletions (48.8%, 78/160) and exon 21 L858R point mutations (38.1.1%, 61/160). We also detected compound mutation patterns in three cases (1.9%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in the Turkish population was slightly higher than that in the Caucasian population and lower than that in the East Asian population. The results of this study may provide guidance in personalized therapy of non-small cell lung cancer in the Turkish population.

Investigation of BRAF mutation analysis with different technical platforms in metastatic melanoma.

In metastatic melanoma, the detection of somatic mutations in the BRAF gene is crucial regarding patient selection for targeted therapy. Several screening methods have been developed to identify BRAF gene mutations. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the detection of the BRAF V600 mutations using two molecular methods, real-time polymerase chain (real-time PCR) assay and pyrosequencing, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to compare the results of these different technical platforms. This study included 98 patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma at the Hacettepe University, Department of Pathology between 2002 and 2014. BRAF mutation analysis was tested with real-time PCR, pyrosequencing and IHC methods. The results of all three tests were compared with a reference test, and the sensitivity, specificity rates and kappa coefficient values were analysed for each test. We successfully analysed BRAF mutations using all three methods in 92 patients. According to our findings, the pyrosequencing method had the highest kappa value regarding the determination of BRAF V600 mutations. The kappa values were at almost perfect agreement levels in pyrosequencing and real-time PCR assay (kappa coefficient for pyrosequencing=0.895 (95% CI: 0.795-0.995); kappa coefficient for real-time PCR=0.871 (95% CI: 0.761-0.981). The kappa value was at a substantial agreement level in the IHC analysis (kappa coefficient=0.776 (95% CI: 0.629-0.923). According to our results, we found that real-time PCR and pyrosequencing methods were equally excellent in determination of BRAF V600 mutations. The IHC method, which is commonly used in routine pathology practice, can also be safely used as a screening test for determination of BRAF V600 mutations.

Comparison of Microvessel Density with Prognostic Factors in Invasive Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast.

OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. Determination of microvessel density is the most common technique used to evaluate the amount of the intratumoral angiogenesis in breast cancer. We have aimed to investigate the relationship with tumor angiogenesis and prognostic parameters in breast invasive ductal carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this study, a total of 100 invasive ductal carcinoma patients, who were diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine between the years 2003-2008, were re-evaluated. Patient characteristics and clinicopathological findings were obtained from archival records. In the present study, microvessel density was determined by immunohistochemical staining by using anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody in the paraffin blocks. First, the most vascular area was selected in the tumor under a low magnification (40x) by a light microscope and then microvessels were counted under a higher magnification (200x). Patients were classified as low and high microvessel density depending on their microvessel counts. Chi-square test and multivariate linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis (p≤0.05). RESULTS: We have determined that microvessel density increases as tumor size increases (p=0.001). Microvessel density was higher in patients with at least 10 lymph node metastases compared to those with no metastasis (p=0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between microvessel density and other prognostic factors such as histological grade, nuclear grade, patient age, vascular invasion, estrogen, progesterone receptor status, HER2/neu expression. CONCLUSION: In our study, we have found that microvessel density is associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.

Administration of perivascular cyanoacrylate for the prevention of cellular damage in saphenous vein grafts: an experimental model.

OBJECTIVE: The saphenous vein is the most commonly used graft in coronary artery bypass surgery, since no suitable arterial graft is available. However, the frequency of late graft failure is a cause for research into graft protection. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of synthetic adhesive cyanoacrylate administration on the saphenous vein graft for preventing vascular damage due to internal pressure on the graft. METHODS: In this study we enrolled 20 volunteer subjects who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery and who had excess saphenous vein grafts. Perivascular cyanoacrylate was administered to one of two saphenous vein grafts explanted from each patient. The other saphenous vein graft from each patient was not treated and was used as the control. A model of the arterial system was created using a saphenous vein cardiopulmonary bypass system. Circulation was maintained at 120 mmHg for 45 minutes. Afterwards, the grafts were subjected to histopathological examination. RESULTS: The cyanoacrylate group of grafts did not develop severe vascular damage compared with many instances of moderate and severe damage due to compression in the control group of grafts (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Perivascular administration of cyanoacrylate appeared to be successful in the prevention of early saphenous vein graft injury. No in vivo study has been performed to date to assess endothelial damage in the saphenous vein, in order to demonstrate the long-term effect of cyanoacrylate. Further investigations are needed in this regard.

The effect of thiamine pyrophosphate on ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity.

CONTEXT: Ethambutol-induced retinal oxidative damage in patients with tuberculosis is still not being adequately treated. The protective effect of thiamine pyrophosphate against oxidative damage in some tissues has been reported, but no information on the protective effects of thiamine pyrophosphate against ethambutol-induced oxidative retinal damage has been found in the medical literature. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to investigate whether thiamine pyrophosphate has a protective effect against oxidative retinal damage in rats induced by ethambutol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental animals divided into four groups (n = 10): the healthy group (HG), the ethambutol control group (EMB), thiamine + ethambutol group (Thi-EMB) and thiamine pyrophosphate + ethambutol group (TPP-EMB). The rats in the TPP-EMB and Thi-EMB groups were administered thiamine pyrophosphate and thiamine, respectively, at doses of 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Distilled water was administered intraperitoneally to the HG and the EMB groups as a solvent in the same volumes. One hour after drug injection, 30 mg/kg ethambutol was administered via an oral gavage to the TPP-EMB, Thi-EMB and EMB groups. This procedure was repeated once a day for 90 days. At the end of this period, all rats were euthanized under high-dose thiopental sodium anesthesia, and biochemical and histopathological investigations of the retinal tissue were performed. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA damage product 8-hydroxyguanine levels were significantly lower in the retinal tissue of TPP-EMB and HG groups compared to those of the Thi-EMB and EMB groups, and total glutathione (tGSH) was also found to be higher. In addition, severe retinal tissue vascularization, edema and loss of ganglion cells were observed in the Thi-EMB and EMB groups, whereas histopathological findings for the TPP-EMB group were observed to be close to normal. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that thiamine pyrophosphate protects retinal tissues from ethambutol-induced oxidative damage, and thiamine does not. This positive effect of thiamine pyrophosphate may be useful in the prevention of ocular toxicity that occurs during ethambutol use.

Relationship of CD95 and COX-2 in renal cell carcinomas with survival and other prognostic parameters: A tissue microarray study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cluster of differentiation 95 in renal cell carcinomas having different clinico-pathological characteristics. METHODS: The study entailed histopathological diagnoses carried out on paraffin blocks at the Department of Pathology of the Medical Hospital of Duzce University, Turkey, between 2005 and 2011. Immunohistochemical staining for cyclooxygenase-2 and cluster of differentiation 95was performed on tissue microarray using standard procedures. Each patient's age and gender as well as the tumour's grade, stage, diameter, ureteral surgical margins, vascular invasion, capsule invasion and subtype were assessed. In order to determine if the cases were still alive, relatives were telephoned and identity registration records were checked. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 49 paraffin blocks in the study.Significant correlations were found between cyclooxygenase-2 and tumour subtype (p=0.044) as well as between cyclooxygenase-2 and tumour diameter (p=0.026). There was a significant correlation between cluster of differentiation 95and the Fuhrman grade (p=0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of cluster of differentiation 95and cyclooxygenase-2 may be correlated with prognostic parameters in renal cell carcinoma and may also be associated with tumour progression.

Chondroprotective effects of a new glucosamine combination in rats: Gene expression, biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

AIMS: This study investigates the effect of a new combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, methylsulfonylmethane, Harpagophytum procumbens root extract (standardized to 3% harpagoside) and bromelain extract (GCMHB) on formalin-induced damage to cartilage tissue in the rat knee joint and evaluates this combination in comparison with another combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane (GKM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals in the control group were injected with formalin into the knee joint (FCG). Animals in the GCMHB-500 group were given 500mg/kg GCMHB+formalin, and those in the GKM-500 group were given 500mg/kg GKM+formalin. Finally, a healthy group (HG) was also used. GCMHB and GKM were administered to rats orally once a day for 30days. At the end of this period, the rats were sacrificed and the levels of MDA, NO, 8-OH/Gua, and tGSH in the knee joint tissue were measured. Analysis of IL-1ß and TNF-α gene expression was done and the tissue was evaluated histopathologically. KEY FINDINGS: MDA, NO and 8-OH/Gua levels and IL-1ß and TNF-α gene expression were significantly lower in the GCMHB-500 group compared to the FCG group, whereas tGSH was significantly higher in the GCMHB-500 group than in the FCG group. No significant difference was found for the IL-1ß, TNF-α and oxidant/antioxidant parameters between the GKM and FCG groups. The histopathological analysis showed that GCMHB could prevent damage to the cartilage joint, whereas GKM could not. SIGNIFICANCE: GCMHB may be used clinically by comparing with GKM in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Controlled reperfusion for different durations in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rat ovary: evaluation of biochemical features, molecular gene expression, and histopathology.

High numbers of proinflammatory cells (PMNLs), which are carried by the blood to ischemic tissue during reperfusion, are considered responsible for inducing the inflammatory response that occurs in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our objective was to determine the controlled reperfusion (CR) interval duration (CRID) that would minimize the injury caused by the PMNLs that infiltrate ischemic tissue. Animal groups were divided into the following groups: Sham group, ovarian I/R group (OIR), and ovarian ischemia controlled-reperfusion groups OICR-1, OICR-2, OICR-3, OICR-4, OICR-5, OICR-6, which had their ovarian artery opened and then closed for 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, or 1 s, respectively. The results show that the COX-2 activity and the gene expression decreased while the COX-1 activity and the gene expression were found to be increased in parallel to the shortening of the period in CRID. From the histopathological examinations, the findings of hemorrhage, edema, congested vascular structures, degenerated cells, and migration and adhesion of PMNLs were scaled as follows: Sham group < OICR-6 < OICR-5 < OICR-4 < OICR-3 < OICR-2 < OICR-1. The results from the histopathological assessments were consistent with the molecular and biochemical findings. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased COX-2 activity plays a role in I/R injury of the rat ovary, and that controlled reperfusion for 3, 2, or 1 s following 2 h of ischemia may attenuate the effects of I/R injury.

The effect of nimesulide on oxidative damage inflicted by ischemia-reperfusion on the rat renal tissue.

The objective of our study is to research biochemically and histopathologically the effect of nimesulide on oxidative damage inflicted by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) on the rat renal tissue. Twenty-four albino Wistar type of male rats were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into groups as: renal ischemia-reperfusion control (RIR), nimesulide+renal ischemia-reperfusion of 50 mg/kg (NRIR-50), nimesulide+renal ischemia-reperfusion of 100 mg/kg (NRIR-100), and sham groups (SG). In NRIR-50 and NRIR-100 groups were given nimesulide, and RIR and SG groups were given distilled water, an hour after anesthesia. Groups, except for the SG group, 1-h-ischemia and then 6-h-reperfusion were performed. In the renal tissue of the RIR group in which the malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHGua) levels were measured, the COX-1 and COX-2 activities were recorded. Nimesulide at 100 mg/kg doses reduced the oxidant parameters more significantly than 50 mg/kg doses; on the other hand, it raised the antioxidant parameters. It has been shown that 100 mg/kg doses of nimesulide prevented the renal I/R damage more significantly than a dose of 50 mg/kg, which shows that nimesulide, in clinics, could be used in the prevention of I/R damage.

Exogenous ATP administration prevents ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and tissue injury by modulation of hypoxanthine metabolic pathway in rat ovary / Administração exógena de ATP impede isquemia/induzidas por reperfusão de estresse oxidativo de tecidos e lesões pela modulação da hipoxantina via metabólica em ovários de ratos

In this study, xanthine oxidase (XO), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the ovarian tissues of rats during the development of ischemia and postischemia-induced reperfusion were investigated, and the effect of ATP on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage was biochemically and histopathologically examined. The results of the biochemical analyses demonstrated that ATP significantly reduced the level of XO and MDA and increased the amount of GSH in both ischemia and I/R-applied ovarian tissue at the doses administered. Furthermore, ATP significantly suppressed the increase in MPO activity that occurred following the application of post ischemia reperfusion in the ovarian tissue. The biochemical results obtained in the present study coincide with the histological findings. The severity of the pathological findings, such as dilatation, congestion, haemorrhage, oedema and polymorphonuclear nuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), increased in parallel with the increase observed in the products of XO metabolism. In conclusion, exogenously applied ATP prevented I/R damage by reducing the formation of XO in ischemic ovarian tissue.

Neste estudo, a xantina oxidase (XO), o malondialdeído (MDA), mieloperoxidase ( MPO ) e glutationa ( GSH) nos tecidos do ovário de ratos, durante o desenvolvimento de isquemia e reperfusão induzida por pós-isquemia foi investigada, e o efeito de ATP em isquemia e reperfusão (I/R). O dano foi verificado por provas bioquímicas e por histopatologia. Os resultados das análises bioquímicas mostraram que o ATP reduziu significativamente o nível de XO e MDA e aumentou a quantidade de GSH em ambas as isquemia e no tecido do ovário de I / R - aplicado nas doses administradas. Além disso, o ATP suprimiu significativamente o aumento na atividade de MPO que ocorreu na sequência da aplicação de pós-isquemia reperfusão no tecido ovariano. Os resultados bioquímicos obtidos no presente estudo coincidem com os achados histológicos. A gravidade dos achados patológicos, como a dilatação, congestão, hemorragia, edema e polimorfonucleares leucócitos nucleares (PMNLs), aumentou em paralelo com o aumento observado nos produtos do metabolismo XO. Em conclusão, aplicando exogenamente ATP impedido de I/R, houve danos pela redução da formação de tecido de ovário de XO na isquemia.

The role of thiamine pyrophosphate in prevention of cisplatin ototoxicity in an animal model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamine pyrophosphate against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy guinea pigs (n = 18) were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 6) received an intraperitoneal injection of saline solution and cisplatin for 7 days, group 2 (n = 6) received an intraperitoneal injection of thiamine pyrophosphate and cisplatin for 7 days, and group 3 (n = 6) received only intraperitoneal injection of saline for 7 days. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under anesthesia, and their cochleas were harvested for morphological and biochemical observations. RESULTS: In group 1, receiving only cisplatin, cochlear glutathione concentrations, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. In group 2, receiving thiamine pyrophosphate and cisplatin, the concentrations of enzymes were near those of the control group. Microscopic examination showed that outer hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and stria vascularis were preserved in group 2. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of thiamine pyrophosphate yielded statistically significant protection to the cochlea of guinea pigs from cisplatin toxicity. Further experimental animal studies are essential to determine the appropriate indications of thiamine pyrophosphate before clinical use.