ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to identify key characteristics associated with mortality from breast cancer among women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in New Zealand (NZ). STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: All primary breast cancers diagnosed between 01/01/2002 and 31/12/2010 in Waikato, NZ, were identified from the Waikato Breast Cancer Register. A total of 258 breast cancer deaths were identified from 1767 invasive cancers diagnosed over this period. RESULTS: Breast cancer deaths (n = 246) were compared with an age and year of diagnosis matched control group (n = 652) who were alive at the time of the death of the corresponding case and subsequently did not die from breast cancer. Diagnosis through symptomatic presentation, advanced stage, higher grade, absent hormone receptors (i.e. oestrogen and progesterone) and HER-2 amplification were associated with significantly higher risks of breast cancer mortality in bivariate analysis. Tumour stage, grade and hormone receptor status remained significant in the multivariable model, while mode of detection and HER-2 status were non-significant. In the bivariate analysis, Maori women had a higher risk of breast cancer mortality compared to NZ European women (OR 1.34) which was statistically non-significant. However in the adjusted model, risk of mortality was lower for Maori compared to NZ European women, although this was not significant statistically (OR 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality pattern from breast cancer in this study were associated with established risk factors. Ethnic inequity in breast cancer mortality in NZ appears to be largely attributable to delay in diagnosis and tumour related factors. Further research in a larger cohort is needed to identify the full impact of these factors on ethnic inequity in breast cancer mortality.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Health Status Disparities , Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander/statistics & numerical data , White People/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Delayed Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , New Zealand/epidemiology , Registries , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Spontaneous intramural oesophageal haematoma is a rare disease and presents with the classic triad of symptoms of chest pain, dysphagia and haematemesis. Flexible oesophagoscopy and contrast enhanced CT scan is helpful in the diagnosis and also to exclude other sinister pathologies. Most are managed conservatively and the patient we report also was managed conservatively with a successful outcome.
Subject(s)
Esophageal Diseases , Hematoma , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , HumansSubject(s)
Choristoma/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/diagnosis , Pancreas/abnormalities , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Choristoma/surgery , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreas/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease characterized by painful recurrent abscesses, fistulas and scarring lesions in axilla, groin, perineum and rarely mass lesions at the affected site. Here we present a case of hidradenitis suppurativa that presented as a polypoidal growth at the anal verge.
